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Real-time Privacy Preserving Framework for Covid-19 contact tracing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1017-1032页

作者： Akashdeep Bhardwaj Ahmed A.Mohamed Manoj Kumar Mohammed Alshehri Ahed Abugabah School of Computer Science University of Petroleum&Energy Studies(UPES)Dehradun248007India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computer and InformationAssiut UniversityAssiut71515Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Information System College of Technological InnovationZayed UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

The recent unprecedented threat from COVID-19 and past epidemics,such as SARS,AIDS,and Ebola,has affected millions of people in multiple *** have shut their borders,and their nationals have been advised to *** variety of responses to the pandemic has given rise to data privacy *** prevention and control strategies as well as disease control measures,especially real-time contact tracing for COVID-19,require the identification of people exposed to *** tracing frameworks use mobile apps and geolocations to trace ***,while the motive may be well intended,the limitations and security issues associated with using such a technology are a serious cause of *** are growing concerns regarding the privacy of an individual’s location and personal identifiable information(PII)being shared with governments and/or health *** study presents a real-time,trust-based contact-tracing framework that operateswithout the use of an individual’sPII,location sensing,or gathering GPS *** focus of the proposed contact tracing framework is to ensure real-time privacy using the Bluetooth range of individuals to determine others within the *** research validates the trust-based framework using Bluetooth as practical and *** our proposed methodology,personal information,health logs,and location data will be secure and not *** research analyzes 100,000 tracing dataset records from 150 mobile devices to identify infected users and active users.

关键词： Privacy contact tracing mobile apps Bluetooth Covid epidemic

Mathematical modeling of contact tracing and stability analysis to inform its impact on disease outbreaks;an application to COVID-19

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 329-353页

作者： Mohamed Ladib Aziz Ouhinou Abdul-Aziz Yakubu University of Sultan Moulay Slimane Faculty of Sciences and TechniquesTeam of Mathematics and InteractionsBéni-MellalMorocco Howard University Dept MathWashingtonDC20059USA

We develop a mathematical model to investigate the effect of contact tracing on containing epidemic outbreaks and slowing down the spread of transmissible *** propose a discrete-time epidemic model structured by disease-age which includes general features of contact *** model is fitted to data reported for the early spread of COVID-19 in South Korea,Brazil,and *** calibrated values for the contact tracing parameters reflect the order pattern observed in its performance intensity within the three *** the fitted values,we estimate the effective reproduction number R_(e)and investigate its responses to varied control scenarios of contact *** the positivity of solutions,and a stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium are provided.

关键词： Mathematical modeling Infectious diseases Discrete systems Disease-age structured populations contact tracing Effective reproduction number COVID-19

Widespread testing, case isolation and contact tracing may allow safe school reopening with continued moderate physical distancing: A modeling analysis of King County, WA data

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 24-35页

作者： Chloe Bracis Eileen Burns Mia Moore David Swan Daniel B.Reeves Joshua T.Schiffer Dobromir Dimitrov Universite Grenoble Alpes TIMC-IMAG/BCM38000GrenobleFrance Independent Researcher SeattleWAUSA Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Applied Mathematics University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA

Background:In late March 2020,a“Stay Home,Stay Healthy”order was issued in Washington State in response to the COVID-19 *** May 1,a 4-phase reopening plan *** investigated whether adjunctive prevention strategies would allow less restrictive physical distancing to avoid second epidemic waves and secure safe school ***:We developed a mathematical model,stratifying the population by age,infection status and treatment status to project SARS-CoV-2 transmission during and after the reopening *** model was parameterized with demographic and contact data from King County,WA and calibrated to confirmed cases,deaths and epidemic peak *** prevention interventions were simulated assuming different levels of pre-COVID physical interactions(pC_PI)***:The best model fit estimated~35%pC_PI under the lockdown which prevented~17,000 deaths by May *** restoring 75%pC_PI for all age groups between May 15-July 15 would have resulted in~350 daily deaths by early September ***contact tracing permitted 60%pC_PI without significant increases in daily deaths before November and allowed opening of schools withcontact tracing and case isolation would allow relaxation of physical distancing,as well as opening of schools,without a surge in local cases and deaths.

关键词： Mathematical modeling Epidemiology Age structured model Physical distancing contact tracing

COVID-19 contact tracing in a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective chart review

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 1-4页

作者： Pinki Tak Jitendra Rohilla General Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeAjmerRajasthan305001India Psychiatry AII India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhand249203India

Background:contact tracing is one of the strategies used to control COVID-19 *** played an important role in the beginning to identify all contacts and minimise the spread of the ***:A retrospective chart review was carried out of contact tracing records during the one-month period,starting from the onset of the first lockdown in *** largest wave of 372 contacts was analysed in detail to find out the association between the result of COVID-19 test and various factors(age,gender,type of contact).Results:A total of 372 contacts(214 males and 158 females)were traced and around 21%contacts were tested positive on COVID-19 RT-PCR ***-square test didn’t find the significant difference between COVID-19 test result and proportions of male and female contacts,X^(2)(1)0.033,p=*** positive contacts had lower mean age compared to male positive contacts,though not statistically significant,t(75)=-1.809,p=*** difference was found in either median or mean age of contacts with respect to COVID-19 test *** of tested COVID-19 positive among household contacts much higher than community contacts,OR=24.52,95%CI 12.45e48.29,pcontact,household or community,significantly affected the probability of becoming infected with the *** of primary case was probably responsible for large number of contacts found positive for COVID-19.

关键词： Covid-19 contact tracing Rapid response team Infection spread

Extensive contact tracing and screening to control the spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST414 in Hong Kong

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Chinese Medical Journal 2012年第19期125卷 3450-3457页

作者： CHENG Vincent Chi-chung TAI Josepha Wai-ming NG Modissa Lai-ming CHAN Jasper Fuk-woo WONG Sally Cheuk-ying LI Iris Wai-sum CHUNG Hon-ping LO Wai-kei YUEN Kwok-yung HO Pak-leung Department of Microbiology Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China Infection Control Team Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China Department of Surgery Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China Infection Control Team Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China

Background Proactive infection control management is crucial in preventing the introduction of multiple drug resistant organisms in the healthcare setting. In Hong Kong, where vancomycin-resistant enterococci （VRE） endemicity is not yet established, contact tracing and screening, together with other infection control measures are essential in limiting intra- and inter-hospital transmission. The objective of this study was to illustrate the control measures used to eradicate a VRE outbreak in a hospital network in Hong Kong. Methods We described an outbreak of VRE in a healthcare region in Hong Kong, involving a University affiliated hospital and a convalescent hospital of 1600 and 550 beds respectively. Computer-assisted analysis was utilized to facilitate contact tracing, followed by VRE screening using chromogenic agar. Multi-locus sequence typing （MLST） was performed to assess the clonality of the VRE strains isolated. A case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors for nosocomial acquisition of VRE. Results Between November 26 and December 17, 2011, 11 patients （1 exogenous case and 10 secondary cases） in two hospitals with VRE colonization were detected during our outbreak investigation and screening for 361 contact patients, resulting in a clinical attack rate of 2.8% （10/361）. There were 8 males and 3 females with a median age of 78 years （range, 40-87 years）. MLST confirmed sequence type ST414 in all isolates. Case-control analysis demonstrated that VRE positive cases had a significantly longer cumulative length of stay （P 〈0.001）, a higher proportion with chronic cerebral and cardiopulmonary conditions （P=0.001）, underlying malignancies （P 〈0.001）, and presence of urinary catheter （P 〈0.001）, wound or ulcer （P 〈0.001）, and a greater proportion of these patients were receiving β-lactam/ β-1actamase inhibitors （P=0.009）, carbapenem group （P 〈0.001）, fluoroquinolones （P=0.003）, or vancomycin （P=0.001） when compared with the controls. Conclusion

关键词： vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST414 outbreak contact tracing screening

MODELING H1N1 FLU EPIDEMIC WITH contact tracing AND QUARANTINE

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2012年第5期5卷 83-101页

作者： MANJU AGARWAL ARCHANAS. BHADAURIA Department of Mathematics ~ Astronomy Lucknow University Lucknow-226007 Uttar Pradesh India

A nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the dynamics of 2009 HIN1 flu epidemic in a homogeneous population with constant immigration of susceptibles. The effect of contact tracing and quarantine （isolation） strategies in reduc- ing the spread of H1N1 flu is incorporated. The model monitors the dynamics of five sub-populations （classes）, namely susceptible with high infection risk, susceptible with reduction of infection risk, infective, quarantined and recovered individuals. The model analysis includes the determination of equilibrium points and carrying out their stability analysis in terms of the threshold parameter R0. Moreover, the numerical simulation of the proposed model is also performed by using fourth order Runge-Kutta method along with the sensitivity analysis of the endemic equilibrium point. The analysis and numeri- cal simulation results demonstrate that the maximum implementation of contact tracing and quarantine strategies help in reducing endemic infective class size and hence act as effective intervention strategy to control the disease. This gives a theoretical interpreta- tion to the practical experiences that the early contact tracing and quarantine strategies are criticMly important to control the outbreak of epidemics.

关键词： High-risk low-risk group contact tracing quarantine stability basicreproduction ratio.

Simulating potential outbreaks of Delta and Omicron variants based on contact-tracing data:A modelling study in Fujian Province,China

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 270-281页

作者： Yichao Guo Wenjing Ye Zeyu Zhao Xiaohao Guo Wentao Song Yanhua Su Benhua Zhao Jianming Ou Yanqin Deng Tianmu Chen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen City361102Fujian ProvincePR China Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fujian ProvincePR China

Although studies have compared the relative severity of Omicron and Delta variants by assessing the relative risks,there are still gaps in the knowledge of the potential COVID-19 burden these variations may *** the contact patterns in Fujian Province,China,have not been *** identified 8969 transmission pairs in Fujian,China,by analyzing a contact-tracing database that recorded a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in September *** estimated the waning vaccine effectiveness against Delta variant infection,contact patterns,and epidemiology distributions,then simulated potential outbreaks of Delta and Omicron variants using a multi-group mathematical *** instance,in the contact setting without stringent lockdowns,we estimated that in a potential Omicron wave,only 4.7%of infections would occur in Fujian Province among individuals aged>60 *** comparison,58.75%of the death toll would occur in unvaccinated individuals aged>60 *** with no strict lockdowns,combining school or factory closure alone reduced cumulative deaths of Delta and Omicron by 28.5%and 6.1%,*** conclusion,this study validates the need for continuous mass immunization,especially among elderly aged over 60 years *** it confirms that the effect of lockdowns alone in reducing infections or deaths is ***,these measurements will still contribute to lowering peak daily incidence and delaying the epidemic,easing the healthcare system's burden.

关键词： contact tracing Vaccine effectiveness Variant of concern Mathematical model COVID-19

Clustering Indoor Location Data for Social Distancing and Human Mobility to Combat COVID-19

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 907-924页

作者： Yuan Ai Ho Chee Keong Tan Yin Hoe Ng School of Information Technology Monash University MalaysiaJalan Lagoon SelatanBandar Sunway47500Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Multimedia UniversityPersiaran MultimediaCyberjaya63100Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia

The world is experiencing the unprecedented time of a pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease(i.e.,COVID-19).As a countermeasure,contact tracing and social distancing are essential to prevent the transmission of the virus,which can be achieved using indoor location *** on the indoor location analytics,the human mobility on a site can be monitored and planned to minimize human’s contact and enforce social distancing to contain the transmission of *** the indoor location data,the clustering can be applied to cluster spatial data,spatio-temporal data and movement behavior features for proximity detection or contact tracing *** specifically,we propose the Coherent Moving Cluster(CMC)algorithm for contact tracing,the density-based clustering(DBScan)algorithm for identification of hotspots and the trajectory clustering(TRACLUS)algorithm for clustering indoor *** feature extraction mechanism is then developed to extract useful and valuable features that can assist the proposed system to construct the network of users based on the similarity of the movement behaviors of the *** network of users is used to model an optimization problem to manage the human mobility on a *** objective function is formulated to minimize the probability of contact between the users and the optimization problem is solved using the proposed effective scheduling solution based on *** simulation results show that the proposed indoor location analytics system outperforms the existing clustering methods by about 30%in terms of accuracy of clustering *** adopting this system for human mobility management,the count of close contacts among the users within a confined area can be reduced by 80%in the scenario where all users are allowed to access the site.

关键词： Indoor location analytics COVID-19 contact tracing social distancing spatial-temporal dimensions human mobility

Primary contacts Identification for COVID-19 Carriers from Surveillance Videos

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第12期43卷 947-965页

作者： R.Haripriya G.Kousalya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641014India

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019) is caused by SARS-CoV2(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) and it was first diagnosedin December 2019 in China. As of 25th Aug 2021, there are 165 million con-firmed COVID-19 positive cases and 4.4 million deaths globally. As of today,though there are approved COVID-19 vaccine candidates only 4 billion doseshave been administered. Until 100% of the population is safe, no one is safe. Eventhough these vaccines can provide protection against getting seriously ill anddying from the disease, it does not provide 100% protection from getting infectedand passing it on to others. The more the virus spreads;it has more opportunity tomutate. So, it is mandatory to follow all precautions like maintaining social distance, wearing mask, washing hands frequently irrespective of whether a person isvaccinated or not. To prevent spread of the virus, contact tracing based on socialdistance also becomes equally important. The work proposes a solution that canhelp with contact tracing/identification, knowing the infected persons recent travelhistory (even within the city) for few days before being assessed positive. Whilethe person would be able to give the known contacts with whom he/she has interacted with, he/she will not be aware of who all were in proximity if he/she hadbeen in public places. The proposed solution is to get the CCTV (Closed-CircuitTelevision) video clips from those public places for the specific date and time andidentify the people who were in proximity—i.e., not followed the safe distance tothe infected person. The approach uses YOLO V3 (You Only Look Once) whichuses darknet framework for people detection. Once the infected person is locatedfrom the video frames, the distance from that person to the other people in theframe is found, to check if there is a violation of social distance guideline. If thereis, then the people violating the distance are extracted and identified using Facialdetection and recognitio

关键词： COVID-19 social distancing object detection facial detection facial recognition contact tracing artificial intelligence