Due to self-incompatibility(SI)prevents self-fertilization,natural or artificial cross-pollination has been conducted in many orchards to stabilize fruit ***,it is still puzzled which routes of self S-RNase arresting ...
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Due to self-incompatibility(SI)prevents self-fertilization,natural or artificial cross-pollination has been conducted in many orchards to stabilize fruit ***,it is still puzzled which routes of self S-RNase arresting pollen tube ***,17 cobra genes were isolated from pear *** these genes,the pollen-specifically expressed PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 positively mediates pollen tube *** promoters of PbCOB.A.1 and/or PbCOB.A.2 were bound and activated by PbABF.E.2(an ABRE-binding factor)and PbC2H2.K16.2(a C2H2-type zinc finger protein).Notably,the expressions of PbCOB.A.1,PbCOB.A.2,and PbC2H2.K16.2 were repressed by self S-RNase,suggesting that self S-RNase reduces the expression of PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 by decreasing the expression of their upstream factors,such as PbC2H2.K16.2,to arrest pollen tube ***.A.1 or PbCOB.A.2 accelerates the growth of pollen tubes treated by self S-RNase,but can hardly affect level of reactive oxygen species and deploymerization of actin cytoskeleton in pollen tubes and cannot physically interact with any reported proteins involved in *** results indicate that PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 may not relieve S-RNase toxicity in incompatible pollen *** information provides a new route to elucidate the arresting pollen tube growth during SI reaction.
To elucidate the toxic mechanism of snake venom at the protein level,proteomics technol-ogy was applied to investigate the effect of venom on circulation in the mammalian *** proteomic analysis was performed to profil...
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To elucidate the toxic mechanism of snake venom at the protein level,proteomics technol-ogy was applied to investigate the effect of venom on circulation in the mammalian *** proteomic analysis was performed to profile the dynamic changes in the sera of Sprague-Dawley rats administered with Chinese cobra venom or *** 8-plex iTRAQ analysis,392 and 636 serum proteins were identified to be linearly upregulated or downre-gulated over time in the low-dose group and high-dose group,*** proteins were mainly associated with the acute phase response pathway,complement system,and liver X receptor(LXR)/retinoid X receptor(RXR)and farnesoid X receptor(FXR)/RXR activation *** with the low-dose group,the immune response and integrin pathways were inhibited in the high-dose group,although no obvious effect was *** con-sistently higher or lower expression in the high-dose group compared to the low-dose group throughout the whole process of venom poisoning,two proteins,Kininogen-1(KNG1)and orosomucoid 1(ORM1),which are involved in metabolism and immune response,occu-pied a core position in the pathway network and are considered venom dose-dependent biomarker candidates.
A universal vaccine is in high demand to address the uncertainties of antigenic drift and the reduced effectiveness of current influenza *** this study,a strategy called computationally optimized broadly reactive anti...
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A universal vaccine is in high demand to address the uncertainties of antigenic drift and the reduced effectiveness of current influenza *** this study,a strategy called computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen(cobra)was used to generate a consensus sequence of the hemagglutinin globular head portion(HA1)of influenza virus samples collected from 1918 to 2021 to trace evolutionary changes and incorporate them into the designed *** carrying different HA1regions were delivered into eukaryotic cells by Salmonella-mediated bactofection using a Semliki Forest virus RNA-dependent RNApolymerase(RdRp)-based eukaryotic expression system,*** protein expression was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence *** immunized with the designed constructs produced a humoral response,with a significant increase in immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels,and a cell-mediated immune response,including a 1.5-fold increase in CD4^(+) and CD8^(+)T ***,constructs #1 and #5 increased the production of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)producing CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,skewing the response toward the T helper type 1 cell(Th1)***,interleukin-4(IL-4)-producing T cells were upregulated *** efficacy was demonstrated,with up to 4-fold higher production of neutralizing antibodies and a hemagglutination inhibition titer>40 against the selected viral *** designed constructs conferred a broadly protective immune response,resulting in a notable reduction in viral titer and minimal inflammation in the lungs of mice challenged with the influenza A/PR8/34,A/Brisbane/59/2007,A/California/07/2009,KBPV VR-92,and NCCP 43021 *** discovery revolutionizes influenza vaccine design and delivery;Salmonella-mediated cobra-HA1 is a highly effective in vivo antigen presentation *** approach can effectively combat seasonal H1N1 influenza strains and potential pandemic outbreaks.
Snake venoms contain one of the most potent mixtures of proteases in natural existence and yet the venom gland and proteins in this mixture are refractory to *** has been suggested that the acidic venom environment,an...
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Snake venoms contain one of the most potent mixtures of proteases in natural existence and yet the venom gland and proteins in this mixture are refractory to *** has been suggested that the acidic venom environment,and the existing metal chelating agent(citric acid) or endogeneous protease inhibitor within the venom play such an inhibitory *** instance,short pyro tri-peptides such as pENW has been shown by X-ray crystallography to bind to the enzymatic pocket of snake venom metalloprotease(SVMP) to inhibit the protease activity before the envenomation of victims suffering from viper bite(Wang et al,***.).However,it is not known whether similar mechanism occurs for the case of cobra as its venom consists of only 2%SVMP such as K-like and atragin in the crude venom of ***,in contrast to the high abundance of SVMP as high as 5%within certain viper *** this study,we investigated the peptidomics of short polypeptides in venom of cobra(***) by MASS spectrometer and examine their potential role as an endogenous inhibitor in crude venom by enzymatic and X-ray structural *** results demonstrate that *** also express abundant protease inhibitor and accumulate significant quantities of peptide inhibitors in venoms to attenuate the proteolytic activity of ***-term storage of proteins with retention of biological activity is a concern for many actual and potential protein *** of low affinity peptide enzyme inhibitors maybe one way to inhibit *** these peptides as models,it may be possible to design similar low affinity peptide inhibitors of protein drugs which will increase their stability and allow for storage under less stringently controlled conditions.
谷子(Setaria italica L.)是富含蛋白质、纤维素的主要杂粮作物之一。为了解析谷子中参与纤维素沉积和细胞扩张的cobra家族,利用生物信息学分析手段对谷子进行全基因组鉴定和分析。结果表明,在谷子中共鉴定出9个cobra家族成员(其中SiCO...
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谷子(Setaria italica L.)是富含蛋白质、纤维素的主要杂粮作物之一。为了解析谷子中参与纤维素沉积和细胞扩张的cobra家族,利用生物信息学分析手段对谷子进行全基因组鉴定和分析。结果表明,在谷子中共鉴定出9个cobra家族成员(其中SiCOBL9序列不完整),可分为两个亚家族,来自同一亚家族的成员理化特性、序列保守性和基因结构相似,cobra家族编码基因主要分布在染色体的两端,系统发育树分析显示谷子cobra蛋白与禾本科玉米最为相似,并且所有成员都具有cobra蛋白所具备的CCVS保守结构和糖基化修饰位点等。组织表达模式分析结果表明,基因的表达存在组织差异性,其中SiCOBL6在所选组织中表达量均较高,在所选组织中未发现特异表达的基因。
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