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The influence of various additives on Coagulation process at different dosing point:From a perspective of structure properties

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 168-176页

作者： Yufei Li Lei Xu Tong Shi Wenzheng Yu Colleges of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100086China

Structure properties of flocs(size,fractal dimension(D_(f)),etc.)have a high impact on Coagulation efficiency.In this work,the influences of three different additives(ferric salt(Fe),phosphate(P),and citric acid(CA))on Coagulation process/efficiency were investigated.Results showed that a small amount of extra Fe can facilitate the growth of Al flocs by providing more'active sites'.Although zeta potential and D_(f) showed a limited change,the average floc size increased apparently and the increment was more obvious when Fe was added after the formation of the flocs.In contrast,P addition during the rapid mixing period will decrease the final average floc size,while the influence is less significant when P was added after the growth of the flocs.In terms of CA,a more striking negative effect on the growth ability of the flocs was observed compared to P.The strong complexing/coordination interactions between CA and aluminum hydroxide is the main reason behind the influence.CA also significantly decreased the D_(f) value of the flocs compared to P,and D_(f) showed a comparatively higher decrease when P or CA was added during the rapid mixing stage compared to the addition after the flocs formation.These results indicated that the addition of CA or P during the rapid mixing stage'inactivated'or occupied more'active sites'on the preliminarily formed Al NPs during the hydrolysis process,and therefore presented stronger impact on the morphology/size of the formed flocs.

关键词： Coagulation Floc size Additives Fractal dimension Zeta potential

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Effect of in-situ formed Al hydrates through long-term aging on enhanced particle destabilization by PACl Coagulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第6期32卷 200-210页

作者： Jr Lin Lin Aldeno Rachmad Ika Chun Chen Tseng Department of Environmental Engineering Chung Yuan Christian UniversityChinese Taipei

Aging of polyaluminum chloride(PACl) coagulants could significantly influence hydrolyzed Al speciation ruling Coagulation performance.The goal of this study was to investigate Al species transformation through long-term aging and its impact on Coagulation performance.Two kinds of commercial coagulants(PACl-1 and PACl-2) were stored for in-situ aging tests in six months to evaluate Al species variation with time and the performance of Coagulation with natural turbid waters.The results showed that CaSO4 precipitation easily occur in a commercial PACl coagulant with time as it contains SO4^2- and Ca^2+.It also activates the precipitation of gibbsite Al(OH)3 in PACl with aging.Through 180 days aging,both monomeric Al(Ala) and polymeric Al(Alb) substantially transform into colloidal Al(Alc) and precipitated for both PACl coagulants.At low turbidity(10 NTU),PACl-1 has a superior turbidity reduction rate than PACl-2,while PACl-2 performs a little better turbidity re duction at high turbidity(1000 NTU) regardless of aging time.With aging time,an obvious decrease in turbidity reduction for PACl-1 Coagulation is observed at low turbidity of 10 NTU,while the improvement in turbidity reduction for PACl-2 Coagulation by enhanced sweep flocculation can be achieved as Alb mostly transform into Alc after 150 days aging.It is concluded that dominant in-situ formed Alc after a long time hydrolysis can improve PACl Coagulation efficiency in turbidity reduction by enhanced sweep flocculation,especially for low turbidity water,but the increase in preformed Alc in PACl would worsen particle destabilization after aging.

关键词： Coagulation PACl Aging Al hydrates

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The impact of preozonation on the Coagulation of cellular organic matter produced by Microcystis aeruginosa and its toxin degradation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第12期32卷 124-133页

作者： Magdalena Barešová Jana Naceradská Katerina Novotná LenkaCermáková Martin Pivokonský Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Pod Patankou 516612 Prague 6Czech Republic

Ozonation pretreatment is typically implemented to improve algal cell Coagulation. However, knowledge on the effect of ozonation on the characteristics and Coagulation of associated algal organic matter, particularly cellular organic matter(COM), which is extensively released during algal bloom decay, is limited. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the impact of ozonation applied before the Coagulation of dissolved COM from the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. Additionally, the degradation of microcystins(MCs) naturally present in the COM matrix was investigated. A range of ozone doses(0.1–1.0 mg O3/mg of dissolved organic carbon – DOC) and ozonation pH values(pH 5, 7 and 9) were tested, while aluminium and ferric sulphate coagulants were used for subsequent Coagulation. Despite negligible COM removal, ozonation itself eliminated MCs, and a lower ozone dose was required when performing ozonation at acidic or neutral pH(0.4 mg O3/mg DOC at pH 5 and 7 compared to 0.8 mg O3/mg DOC at pH 9). Enhanced MC degradation and a similar pattern of pH dependence were observed after preozonation-Coagulation, whereas Coagulation alone did not sufficiently remove MCs. In contrast to the benefits of MC depletion, preozonation using ≥0.4 mg O3/mg DOC decreased the Coagulation efficiency(from 42%/48% to 28%–38%/41%–44% using Al/Fe-based coagulants), which was more severe with increasing ozone dosage. Coagulation was also influenced by the preozonation pH, where pH 9 caused the lowest reduction in COM removal. The results indicate that ozonation efficiently removes MCs, but its employment before COM Coagulation is disputable due to the deterioration of Coagulation.

关键词： Algal organic matter Coagulation Microcystins Microcystis aeruginosa Ozonation

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Using fluorescence surrogates to track algogenic dissolved organic matter(AOM) during growth and Coagulation/flocculation processes of green algae

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 311-320页

作者： Quang Viet Ly Mi-Hee Lee Jin Hur Department of Environment & Energy Sejong University

Tracking the variation of the algogenic organic matter(AOM) released during the proliferation of green algae and subsequent treatment processes is crucial for constructing and optimizing control strategies. In this study, the potential of the spectroscopic tool was fully explored as a surrogate of AOM upon the cultivation of green algae and subsequent Coagulation/flocculation(C/F) treatment processes using ZrCl_4 and Al_2(SO_4)_3. Fluorescence excitation emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC) identified the presence of three independent fluorescent components in AOM, including protein-like(C1), fulvic-like(C2) and humic-like components(C3). Size exclusion chromatography(SEC) revealed that C1 in AOM was composed of large-sized proteins and aromatic amino acids. The individual components exhibited their unique characteristics with respect to the dynamic changes. C1 showed the highest correlation with AOM concentrations(R^2= 0.843) upon the C/F processes. C1 could also be suggested as an optical predictor for the formation of trihalomethanes upon the C/F processes. This study sheds a light for the potential application of the protein-like component(C1) as a practical surrogate to track the evolution of AOM in water treatment or wastewater reclamation systems involving Chlorella vulgaris green algae.

关键词： EEM-PARAFAC Enhanced Coagulation Size exclusion chromatography Algal dissolved organic matter Trihalomethanes

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Correlation of Platelet and Coagulation Function with Blood Stasis Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第11期27卷 858-866页

作者： XIN Qi-qi CHEN Xun YUAN Rong YUAN Ya-hui HUI Jia-qi MIAO Yu CONG Wei-hong CHEN Ke-ji Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100091China National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology Beijing100091China Department of Clinical Laboratory Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100091China

Objective To investigate the correlation of platelet and Coagulation function with blood stasis syndrome(BSS)in coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42019129452).PubMed,Excerpta Medica Database(Embase),the Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)were searched from inception to 1st June,2020.Trials were considered eligible if they enrolled BSS and non-BSS(NBSS)patients with CHD and provided information on platelet and Coagulation function.The platelet function,Coagulation function,and fibrinolytic activity were compared between the BSS and NBSS groups.Forest plots were generated to show the SMDs or ESs with corresponding 95%CIs for each study.Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.Results The systematic search identified 1,583 articles.Thirty trials involving 10,323 patients were included in the meta-analysis.The results showed that mean platelet volume,platelet distribution width,platelet aggregation rate,platelet P selectin,fibrinogen,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1),thromboxane B2(TXB2),6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-keto-PGF1α),and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1αwere higher in the BSS group than in the NBSS group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Activated partial thromboplastin time was lower in the BSS group than in the NBSS group in the acute phase of CHD(P<0.01).The R and K values in thromboelastography and tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA)and t-PA/PAI-1 were lower in the BSS group than in the NBSS group(all P<0.01).No difference was found in the results of platelet count,plateletcrit,maximum amplitude,von Willebrand factor,prothrombin time,thrombin time,international normalized ratio,etc.between groups.Conclusions Increased platelet function,hypercoagulability,and decreased fibrinolytic activity were found among CHD patients with BSS.

关键词： coronary heart disease blood stasis syndrome platelet Coagulation

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Investigating the Coagulation of non-proteinaceous algal organic matter: Optimizing Coagulation performance and identification of removal mechanisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 25-34页

作者： Jana Naceradska Katerina Novotna Lenka Cermakova Tomas Cajthaml Martin Pivokonsky Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences

The removal of algal organic matter(AOM) is a growing concern for the water treatment industry worldwide. The current study investigates Coagulation of non-proteinaceous AOM(AOM after protein separation), which has been minimally explored compared with proteinaceous fractions. Jar tests with either aluminum sulphate(alum) or polyaluminium chloride(PACl) were performed at doses of 0.2–3.0 mg Al per 1 mg of dissolved organic carbon in the p H range 3.0–10.5. Additionally, non-proteinaceous matter was characterized in terms of charge, molecular weight and carbohydrate content to assess the treatability of its different fractions. Results showed that only up to 25% of non-proteinaceous AOM can be removed by Coagulation under optimized conditions. The optimal Coagulation p H(6.6–8.0 for alum and 7.5–9.0 for PACl) and low surface charge of the removed fraction indicated that the prevailing Coagulation mechanism was adsorption of non-proteinaceous matter onto aluminum hydroxide precipitates. The lowest residual Al concentrations were achieved in very narrow p H ranges, especially in the case of PACl. High-molecular weight saccharidelike organics were amenable to Coagulation compared to low-molecular weight(Coagulation mechanisms. The study suggests that further research should focus on the removal of low-molecular weight AOM, reluctant to coagulate, with other treatment processes to minimize its detrimental effect on water safety.

关键词： Algal organic matter Chlorella vulgaris Coagulation Flocculation Non-proteinaceous matter Water treatment

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Characterization of dissolved organic matter and membrane fouling in Coagulation-ultrafiltration process treating micro-polluted surface water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 318-324页

作者： Fan Bu Baoyu Gao Qinyan Yue Xue Shen Wenyu Wang Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University

Coagulation–ultrafiltration(C–UF) is widely used for surface water treatment. With the removal of pollutants, the characteristics of organic matter change and affect the final treatment efficiency and the development of membrane fouling. In this study, we built a dynamic C–UF set-up to carry out the treatment of micro-polluted surface water, to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter from different units. The influences of poly aluminum chloride and poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride(PDMDAAC) on removal efficiency and membrane fouling were also investigated. Results showed that the dosage of PDMDAAC evidently increased the UV254 and dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies,and thereby alleviated membrane fouling in the C–UF process. Most hydrophobic bases(HoB)and hydrophobic neutral fractions could be removed by Coagulation. Similarly, UF was good at removing HoB compared to hydrophilic substances(HiS) and hydrophobic acid(HoA)fractions. HiS and HoA fractions with low molecule weight accumulated on the surface of the membrane, causing the increase of transmembrane pressure(TMP). Membrane fouling was mainly caused by a removable cake layer, and mechanical cleaning was an efficient way to decrease the TMP.

关键词： Coagulation Ultrafiltration Dissolved organic matter Membrane fouling

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Clinical significance,molecular characterization,and immune microenvironment analysis of Coagulation-related genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第1期3卷 29-49页

作者： Weihao Chen Xupeng Zhao Yongliang Lu Hanfeng Wang Xiyou Wang Yi Wang Chen Liang Zhuomin Jia Wei Ma Department of Urology The Third Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjinChina Medical Service Department The PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina

Background:Numerous studies have revealed a tight connection between tumor development and the Coagulation system.However,the effects of Coagulation on the prognosis and tumor microenvironment(TME)of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)remain poorly understood.Methods:We employed the consensus clustering method to characterize distinct molecular subtypes associated with Coagulation patterns.Subsequently,we examined variations in the overall survival(OS),genomic profiles,and TME characteristics between these subtypes.To develop a prognostic Coagulation-related risk score(CRRS)model,we utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and stepwise multivariate Cox regression analyses.We also created a nomogram to aid in the clinical application of the risk score,evaluating the relationships between the CRRS and the immune microenvironment,responsiveness to immunotherapy,and targeted treatment.The clinical significance of PLAUR and its biological function in ccRCC were also further analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in clinical features,prognostic stratification,genomic variation,and TME characteristics between the two Coagulation-related subtypes.We established and validated a CRRS using six Coagulation-related genes that can be employed as an effective indicator of risk stratification and prognosis estimation for ccRCC patients.Significant variations in survival outcomes were observed between the high-and low-risk groups.The nomogram was proficient in predicting the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS.Additionally,the CRRS emerged as a novel tool for evaluating the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy and targeted treatments in ccRCC.Moreover,we confirmed upregulated PLAUR expression in ccRCC samples that was significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis.PLAUR knockdown notably inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation and migration.Conclusion:Our data suggested that CRRS may be employed as a reliable predictive biomarker that can provide therapeutic benefits for immunotherapy and

关键词： clear cell renal cell carcinoma Coagulation immunotherapy risk score tumor immune microenvironment

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Preferential binding between intracellular organic matters and Al_(13) polymer to enhance Coagulation performance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 1-11页

作者： Ruiping Liu Tingting Guo Min Ma Mingquan Yan Jing Qi Chengzhi Hu Gang Liu Huijuan Liu Jiuhui Qu Walter van der Meer Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing University of Technology Beijing Waterworks Group Department of Environmental Engineering Peking University Sanitary Engineering Department of Water ManagementFaculty of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesDelft University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology University of Twente

Coagulation is the best available method for removing intracellular organic matter(IOM),which is released from algae cells and is an important precursor to disinfection by-products in drinking water treatment. To gain insight into the best strategy to optimize IOM removal, the Coagulation performance of two Al salts, i.e., aluminum chloride(AlCl_3) and polyaluminum chloride(PACl, containing 81.2% Al_(13)), was investigated to illuminate the effect of Al species distribution on IOM removal. PACl showed better removal efficiency than AlCl_3 with regard to the removal of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon(DOC), owing to the higher charge neutralization effect and greater stability of pre-formed Al_(13) species. High pressure size exclusion chromatography analysis indicated that the superiority of PACl in DOC removal could be ascribed to the higher binding affinity between Al_(13) polymer and the low and medium molecular weight(MW) fractions of IOM. The results of differential log-transformed absorbance at 254 and 350 nm indicated more significant formation of complexes between AlCl_3 and IOM, which benefits the removal of tryptophan-like proteins thereafter. Additionally,PACl showed more significant superiority compared to AlCl_3 in the removal of Coagulation.This study provides insight into the interactions between Al species and IOM, and advances the optimization of Coagulation for the removal of IOM in eutrophic water.

关键词： Intracellular organic matter Coagulation Polyaluminum chloride Molecular weight distribution Hydrophilic fraction

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The influence of particle size and concentration combined with pH on Coagulation mechanisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 39-46页

作者： Hongyan Sun Ruyuan Jiao Hui Xu Guangyu An Dongsheng Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In order to evaluate the influence of particle size and particle concentration on the Coagulation process, two kinds of particle suspensions, nanoparticles and microparticles,were employed to investigate the effect of particle size on Coagulation mechanisms with varying Coagulation parameters. Results showed that it is easier for nanoparticles to cause self-aggregation because of Brownian motion, while interception and sedimentation are the mainly physical processes affecting particle transport for microparticles, so they are more stable and disperse more easily. The particle size distribution and particle concentration had distinct influence on the Coagulation mechanisms. Under neutral conditions, as the amount of coagulant increased, the Coagulation mechanism for nanoparticles changed from charge neutralization to sweep flocculation and the nanoparticles became destabilized, re-stabilized and again destabilized. For microparticles, although the Coagulation mechanism was the same as that of nanoparticles, the increased rate of aluminum hydroxide precipitation exceeded the adsorption of incipiently formed soluble alum species, resulting in the disappearance of the re-stabilization zone. Under acidic conditions, Brownian motion dominates for nanoparticles at low particle concentrations, while sweep flocculation is predominant at high particle concentrations. As for microparticles, charge neutralization and sweep flocculation are the mechanisms for low and high particle concentrations respectively.Under alkaline condition, although the mechanisms for both nano-and microparticles are the same, the morphology of flocs and the kinetics of floc formation are different. At low particle concentrations, nanoparticles have larger growth rate and final size of flocs, while at high particle concentrations, nanoparticles have higher fractal dimension and recovery factors.

关键词： Nanoparticles Microparticles Particle size distribution Coagulation mechanisms Alum

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