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El Nio and the Kppen–Geiger Classification: A Prototype Concept and Methodology for Mapping Impacts in central america and the Circum-Caribbean

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第2期9卷 224-236页

作者： Lino Naranjo Michael H.Glantz Sayat Temirbekov Ivan J.Ramírez Consortium for Capacity Building/INSTAAR University of Colorado Department of Anthropology Colorado State University Colorado School of Public Health Colorado State University

The aim of this pilot study conducted by the consortium for capacity building was to develop a prototype concept and methodology for the classification and visualization of the geographic impacts of El Nio on annual climates and seasonality. Our study is based on the Kppen–Geiger climate classification scheme for a set of selected countries affected by strong El Nios in Latin america. By identifying and visualizing the annual and seasonal changes in regional, national, or subnational climate regimes that generally accompany an El Nio event,this research proposes an efficient way to detect and describe climate shifts and variability across time and space. Such knowledge provides a support tool for risk analysis and can potentially enhance government efforts of climate risk management, including disaster risk reduction activities that prevent, mitigate, and improve coping responses to El Nio-related hydrometeorological *** of the conceptual approach and methodology to classifying and mapping El Nio's impacts are described and explained using the central american and circumCaribbean region as a case study. The potential applications for disaster risk reduction as well as its limitations and future work are also discussed.

关键词： Caribbean central america Disaster risk reduction El Nio impacts El Nio seasonality Kppen–Geiger classification

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Hepatitis B virus infection in Latin america:A genomic medicine approach

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7181-7196页

作者： Sonia Roman Alexis Jose-Abrego Nora Alma Fierro Griselda Escobedo-Melendez Claudia Ojeda-Granados Erika Martinez-Lopez Arturo Puro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico Immunovirology Unit Department of Molecular Biology in MedicineCivil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico Viral Hepatitis Clinic Pediatric Infectious Disease UnitDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyCivil Hospital of Guadalajara "Juan I.Menchaca" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the leading cause of severe chronic liver *** article provides a critical view of the importance of genomic medicine for the study of HBV infection and its clinical outcomes in Latin *** levels of evolutionary adaptation may correlate with the clinical outcomes of HBV *** in Latin america are predominantly of genotype H in Mexico and genotype F in central and South america;these strains have historically circulated among the indigenous *** genotypes appear to be linked to a benign course of disease among the native and mestizo Mexicans and native South *** contrast,genotypes F,A and D are common in acute and chronic infections among mestizos with Caucasian *** carcinoma is rare in Mexicans,but it has been associated with genotype F1b among *** observation illustrates the significance of ascertaining the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of HBV-related liver disease in Latin america,which contrast with those reported in other regions of the world.

关键词： Genomic medicine Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus genotypes Latin america Mexico central america South america

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Baird’s tapir density in high elevation forests of the Talamanca region of Costa Rica

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 381-388页

作者： JoséF.GONZÁLEZ-MAYA Jan SCHIPPER Beth POLIDORO Annelie HOEPKER Diego ZÁRRATE-CHARRY Jerrold L.BELANT Sierra to Sea Institute ProCAT Internacional/ColombiaLas AlturasCoto BrusPuntarenasCosta Rica Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(IE-UNAM)Ciudad UniversitariaDFMexico Carnivore Ecology Laboratory Forest and Wildlife Research CenterMississippi State UniversityMississippiUSA Big Island Invasive Species Committee University of HawaiiHiloHawaiiUSA Old Dominion University NorfolkVirginiaUSA

Baird’s tapir(Tapirus bairdii)is currently endangered throughout its neotropical range with an expected popula--lished in Valle del Silencio within Parque Internacional La Amistad(PILA).Seventy-seven tapir pictures of 15 individuals comprising 25 capture-recapture events were analyzed using mark-recapture *** 100%minimum convex polygon of the sampled area was 5.7 km2 and the effective sampled area using half mean max-imum distances moved by tapirs was 7.16 *** estimated a tapir density of 2.93 individuals/km2 which rep-resents the highest density reported for this *** valleys can represent unique and important habitats for large mammal ***,the extent of isolation of this population,potentially constrained by steep slopes of the cordillera,remains *** genetic and movement studies are required to un-derstand meta-population dynamics and connectivity between lowland and highland areas for Baird’s tapir con-servation in Costa Rica.

关键词： camera trap capture central america populations tapir

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Enduring association between irritable bowel syndrome and war trauma during the Nicaragua civil war period:A population-based study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第45期29卷 5953-5961页

作者： Edgar M Peña-Galo Daniel Wurzelmann Javier Alcedo Rodolfo Peña Loreto Cortes Douglas Morgan Department of Digestive Diseases Miguel Servet University HospitalZaragoza 50009AragonSpain Javier Alcedo Aragon Health Research InstituteIIS AragonZaragoza 50009AragonSpain Department of Mental Health Carolina PartnersDurhamNC 27707United States Department of Data Analysis CIDE(ResearchDevelopment and Epidemiology Center)Tegucigalpa 11101Francisco MorazánHonduras School of Medicine National Autonomous University of NicaraguaLeon 21000LeonNicaragua Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UAB University of Alabama BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States School of Medcine The University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 9500United States

BACKGROUND Psychosocial and physical trauma are known risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),including in war veterans,whereas war exposure in civilians is *** experienced two wars,1970-1990:The Sandinistas Revolution(1970s)and The Contra War(1980s).Our aim was to investigate the role of exposure to war trauma in the subsequent development of IBS in the context of an established health surveillance system(11000 households).AIM To investigate in a civilian population the relationship between exposure to war trauma and events and the subsequent development of IBS in the context of an established public health and demographic surveillance system in western *** We conducted a nested population-based,cross-sectional study focused on functional gastrointestinal disorders based on Rome II criteria.1617 adults were randomly *** Spanish Rome II Modular Questionnaire and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire were validated in *** exposure was assessed with 10 measures of direct and indirect war trauma and post-war *** exposures were defined by≥3 *** The prevalence of IBS was 15.2%[Female(F)17.1%,Male(M)12.0%],war exposure 19.3%(F 9.3%,M 36.7%),and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)5.6%(F 6.4%,M 4.3%).Significant associations with IBS in the civilian population were observed(adjusted by gender,age,socioeconomic status,education):physical and psychological abuse[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):2.25;95%confidence interval:1.1-4.5],witnessed execution(aOR:2.4;1.1-5.2),family member death(aOR:2.2;1.2-4.2),and multiple exposures(aOR:2.7;1.4-5.1).PTSD was independently associated with IBS(aOR:2.6;1.2-5.7).CONCLUSION An enduring association was observed in the Nicaragua civilian population between specific civil war-related events and subsequent *** populations in regions with extended armed conflict may warrant provider education and targeted interventions for patients.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Functional gastrointestinal disorders War trauma Civil war Post-traumatic stress disorder central america

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Natural regeneration dynamics of three dry deciduous forest species in Chacocente Wildlife Reserve, Nicaragua

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第1期20卷 1-6页

作者： Guillermo Castro Marin Mulualem Tigabu Benigno Gonzalez Rivas Per Christer Oden Facultad de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente Universidad Nacional Agraria Apartado posta 453 Managua Nicaragua Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Tropical Silviculture and Seed Laboratory SE-901 83 Umea Sweden

A study was conducted to examine the natural regeneration of three dry forest species, Lysiloma divaricatum （Jacq.）, Tabebuia ochracea （Cham.） and Lonchocarpus minimiflorus （Donn. Sin.） over a three-year period and to analyze heterogeneity of regeneration in relationship to topographic slope and incidence of light in Chacocente Wildlife Reserve in Nicaragua. Permanent sample plots were established in 2001, and all individuals with height as low as 10 cm and diameter as large as 10 cm were recorded for three consecutive years from 2001 to 2003. The results show that the density of naturally regenerated individuals varied significantly among species, as well as over time. L. minimiflorus and T. ochracea had higher densities compared with L. divaricatum, and the net change in population density was slightly positive for T. ochracea only. Regeneration was more abundant in the gentle and steep slopes under partial exposure of the crown to sunlight, thus resulting in aggregated pattern of distribution, especially for L. minimiflorus and T. ochracea. We concluded that natural regeneration alone is not sufficient to maintain the desired number of stocks of these species, and an immediate restoration measure should be taken to assist the natural regeneration process.

关键词： central america mortality regeneration niche spatial pattern dry forest

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A chronosequence analysis of forest recovery on abandoned agricultural fields in Nicaragua

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第3期20卷 213-222,286页

作者： Guillermo Castro Marín Mulualem Tigabu Benigno González-Rivas Per Christer Odén Facultad de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente Universidad Nacional Agraria Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Tropical Silviculture and Seed Laboratory

Species composition, diversity and population structure of woody species recovered on three abandoned agricultural fields after 4, 9 and 14 years were characterized. Seedlings, saplings/poles and mature trees were identified and counted in 70 plots of 100 m2 in each abandoned site. A total of 13, 29 and 22 families represented by 17, 48 and 44 species were registered in 4-, 9-and 14-year-old stands, respectively. There was a shift in dominant species across successional stages. Lonchocarpus acuminatus had the highest importance value in the 4-year old stand, whereas, Myrospermun frutescens, Guazuma ulmifolia and Cordia alliodora had the highest importance value in the 9-year-old-stand and Caesaeria corymbosa, Muntingia calabura, Gliricidia sepium and Tabebuia rosea in the 14-year-old stand. The total stem density increased from 5011 to 9631 individuals per hectare as the age of abandonment increased from 4 to 14 years. The total basal area of individuals ≥ 1cm d.b.h. also increased with the age of abandonment. Overall, small individuals (< 10 cm dbh) contributed to more than half of the total basal area. Species diversity was the highest in the 9-year old stand followed by 14-and 4-year-old stands. We concluded that floristic composition of secondary forests recovers rapidly to the mature forest level compared to structural attributes, which is consistent with the general successional trajectories of tropical dry forest.

关键词： central america dry forest Neotropics restoration secondary succession abandoned agricultural field forest recovery

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