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cell size: a key determinant of meristematic potential in plant protoplasts

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aBIOTECH 2021年第1期2卷 96-104页

作者： Ipsita Pujari Abitha Thomas Padmalatha SRai Kapaettu Satyamoorthy Vidhu Sankar Babu Department of Plant Sciences Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Biotechnology Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia Department of cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia

Metabolic pathway reconstruction and gene edits for native natural product synthesis in single plant cells are considered to be less complicated when compared to the production of non-native metabolites.Being an efficient eukaryotic system,plants encompass suitable post-translational modifications.However,slow cell division rate and heterogeneous nature is an impediment for consistent product retrieval from plant cells.Plant cell synchrony can be attained in cultures developed in vitro.Isolated plant protoplasts capable of division,can potentially enhance the unimpaired yield of target bioactives,similar to microbes and unicellular eukaryotes.Evidence from yeast experiments suggests that‘critical cell size’and division rates for enhancement machinery,primarily depend on culture conditions and nutrient availability.The cell size control mechanisms in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem is analogous to yeast notably,fission yeast.If protoplasts isolated from plants are subjected to cell size studies and cell cycle progression in culture,it will answer the underlying molecular mechanisms such as,unicellular to multicellular transition states,longevity,senescence,‘cell-size resetting’during organogenesis,and adaptation to external cues.

关键词： cell cycle cell size CRISPR Plant protoplasts TOR signalling

Effects of developmental plasticity on heat tolerance may be mediated by changes in cell size in Drosophila melanogaster

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1244-1256页

作者： Nadja Verspagen Felix P.Leiva Irene M.Janssen Wilco C.E.P.Verberk Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Institute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Human Genetics Radboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands

There is a growing interest in the physiology underpinning heat tolerance of ectotherms and their responses to the ongoing rise in temperature.However,there is no consensus about the underlying physiological mechanisms.According to''the maintain aerobic scope and regulate oxygen supply^hypothesis,responses to warming at different organizational levels contribute to the ability to safeguard energy metabolism via aerobic pathways.At the cellular level,a decrease in cell size increases the capacity for the uptake of resources(e.g.,food and oxygen),but the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cellular membranes implies greater energetic costs in small cells.In this study,we investigated how different rearing temperatures atTected cell size and heat tolerance in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.We tested the hypothesis that smallcr-celled flies are more tolerant to acute,intense heat stress whereas larger-celled flies are more tolerant to chronic,mild heat stress.We used the thermal tolerance landscape framework,which incorporates the intensity and duration of thermal challenge.Rearing temperatures strongly affected both cell size and survival times.We found different effects of developmental plasticity on tolerance to either chronic or acute heat stress.Warm-reared flies had both smaller cells and exhibited higher survival times under acute,intense heat stress when compared to cold-reared flies.However,under chronic,mild heat stress,the situation was reversed and cold-reared flies,consisting of larger cells,showed better survival.These differences in heat tolerance could have resulted from direct effects of rearing temperature or they may be mediated by the correlated changes in cell size.Notably,our results are consistent with the idea that a smaller cell size may confer tolerance to acute temperatures via enhanced oxygen supply,while a larger cell may confer greater tolerance to chronic and less intense heat stress via more efTicient use of resources.

关键词： cell size heat stress rearing temperature thermal death time thermal tolerance

Study on cell size variation in overdriven gaseous detonations

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第6期37卷 938-953,I0001页

作者： Huilan Ren Tianyu Jing Jian Li State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

The cell size variation in overdriven gaseous detonations is studied in hydrogen/oxygen and acetylene/oxygen mixtures.The local self-similarity of Mach reflection of detonations on the wedge in the far field renders the presence of a steady overdriven Mach stem to be possible.The study focuses on the cell size change of overdriven Mach stem on the wedge surface other than on the sidewall.The detonation cell pattern on the wedge surface has a complicated process of three-stage pattern,i.e.,the cells decreasing from large to small size,and then increasing asymptotically to a medium size and keeping constant.The cell size ratio with increasing the degree of overdrive is also examined.It is found that the ratio decays as the degree of overdrive increases.However,as the wedge angle increases to a critical value,finer cells are not created on the smoke foils.Ng’s model used to predict the cell size is also found to be valid only for detonations with relative large instability parameters,but presents large errors for highly overdriven detonations with low instability.A modification to Ng’s model is proposed based on the experimental results.

关键词： cellular detonations Overdriven factor Mach reflection cell size

Fruit size control by a zinc finger protein regulating pericarp cell size in tomato

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Molecular Horticulture 2021年第1期1卷 124-139页

作者： Fangfang Zhao Jiajing Zhang Lin Weng Meng Li Quanhua Wang Han Xiao National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19(A)Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Life and Environment Science College Shanghai Normal UniversityNo.100 Guilin RdShanghai 200234China

Fruit size is largely defined by the number and size of cells in the fruit.Endoreduplication–a specialized cell cycle–is highly associated with cell expansion during tomato fruit growth.However,how endoreduplication coupled with cell size is regulated remains poorly understood.In this study,we identified a zinc finger gene SlPZF1(Solanum lycopersicum PERICARP-ASSOCIATED ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1)that was highly expressed in the pericarp of developing fruits.Plants with altered SlPZF1 expression produced smaller fruits due to the reduction in cell size associated with weakened endoreduplication.Overexpressing SlPZF1 delayed cell division phase by enhancing early expression of several key cell cycle regulators including SlCYCD3;1 and two plant specific mitotic cyclin-dependent protein kinase(SlCDKB1 and SlCDKB2)in the pericarp tissue.Furthermore,we identified 14 putative SlPZF1 interacting proteins(PZFIs)via yeast two hybrid screening.Several PZFIs,including Pre-mRNA-splicing factor(SlSMP1/PZFI4),PAPA-1-like conserved region family protein(PZFI6),Fanconi anemia complex components(PZFI3 and PZFI10)and bHLH transcription factor LONESOME HIGHWAY(SILHW/PZFI14),are putatively involved in cell cycle regulation.Our results demonstrate that fruit growth in tomato requires balanced expression of the novel cell size regulator SlPZF1.

关键词： Zinc finger protein Endoreduplication cell cycle cell size Fruit size Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)

An Arabidopsis PAK Family Protein Kinase Participates in cell size Determination and Gravitropism Response

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An Arabidopsis PAK Family Protein Kinase Participates in Cel...

An Arabidopsis PAK Family Protein Kinase Participates in cell size Determination and Gravitropism Response

植物分子生物学与现代农业——2010全国植物生物学研讨...

作者： Xiulian Yu,Jingfeng Zhou,and Qingqiu Gong~* Department of Plant Biology and Ecology,College of Life Sciences,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China

Yeast and mammalian p21-activated kinase(PAK) family members regulate fundamental cellular processes including the cell cycle,apoptosis,vacuole inheritance, cell size determination,and sterol biosynthesis[1-2].We iden... 详细信息

关键词： PAK cell size gravitropism PIN2 sterol BR

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An Arabidopsis PAK Family Protein Kinase Participates in Cel...

Key genes and mechanisms underlying natural variation of silique length in oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)germplasm

2010全国植物生物学研讨会

作者： Xiulian Yu Jingfeng Zhou Qingqiu Gong Department of Plant Biology and Ecology College of Life Sciences Nankai University

Yeast and mammalian p21-activated kinase(PAK)family members regulate fundamental cellular processes including the cell cycle,apoptosis,vacuole inheritance,cell size determination,and sterol biosynthesis[1-2].We identi... 详细信息

Yeast and mammalian p21-activated kinase(PAK)family members regulate fundamental cellular processes including the cell cycle,apoptosis,vacuole inheritance,cell size determination,and sterol biosynthesis[1-2].We identified a PAK in Arabidopsis and isolated a T-DNA insertion line,in which the protein kinase domain

关键词： PAK cell size gravitropism PIN2 sterol BR

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The Crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 617-626页

作者： Quaid Hussain Jiepeng Zhan Huabing Liang Xinfa Wang Guihua Liu Jiaqin Shi Hanzhong Wang Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430062HubeiChina

Silique length influences seed yield in oilseed rape.It shows extensive variation in germplasm resources,and identifying the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms would advance breeding for the trait.In the present study,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 331 core accessions planted in 10 environments revealed 13 loci associated with silique length on chromosomes A01,A04,A07,A09,and C03,explaining 6.2%–19.2%of phenotypic variance.Physiological analysis showed that silique length variation was attributable to differences in silique growth rate and/or duration before four weeks after flowering,with levels of endogenous phytohormones(auxin,ethylene,and GA24,GA12,and GA44)playing an important role.Cytological analysis showed that silique length variation was due mainly to differences in cell number followed by cell size.Transcriptomic analysis of two pools of silique walls with opposite length extremes revealed 3248 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).These DEGs were enriched in several pathways(such as cell wall,cell division,and hormone metabolism)associated with cell proliferation and expansion and silique development.Integrating GWAS,RNA-seq,and functional annotation results revealed 15 candidate genes for the major associated locus q SL.A09-3.Of these,Bna A9.ARF18 and Bna A9.CYP78 A9 were validated by haplotype analysis followed by candidate gene association.Sequence variation in the coding region of Bna A9.ARF18 and expression of Bna A9.CYP78 A9 in silique walls were strongly associated with silique length.Our results provide an explanation for the natural variation of silique length in oilseed rape germplasm and offer useful information for its improvement.

关键词： Brassica napus Silique length GWAS RNA-seq Phytohormones cell number cell size Bna A9.ARF18 Bna A9.CYP78A9

Measuring the size and growth of single cells

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Biophysics Reports 2022年第3期8卷 150-157页

作者： An Gong Mingwei Min Guangzhou Laboratory Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences

The size and growth of a cell can be described by three related physical parameters: volume, density and mass. All the three are coupled to numerous biochemical reactions and biophysical properties of a cell. It is therefore not surprising that cell size and growth pattern are tightly regulated across all kingdoms of life. Indeed, deregulation of cell size and growth has been found to be associated with diseases.Yet, how cells regulate their size and how cell size connects to cell function remain poorly understood,partly due to the difficulties to precisely measure the size and growth of single cells. In this review, we summarize methods of measuring cell volume, density, and mass, and discuss how the new technologies may advance our understanding of cell size control.

关键词： cell volume cell mass cell size cell density

Age Estimation by Quantitative Cytomorphometric Study Using Buccal Mucosal cells and Panoramic Radiography: A Comparative Forensic Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2023年第3期9卷 219-227页

作者： Kavya Keerthika Nutulapati Sri Veda Donupati M P V Prabhat G Sarat Swagathika Mishra Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Dr.Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental SciencesGannavaramAndhra PradeshIndia

Aim: This study aims to estimate the age of an individual using buccal cells by calculating the average cell size and comparing with pulp/tooth area ratio on mandibular canine and linear measurements related to mental foramen using panoramic radiography (PR). Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy individuals undergoing PR for various dental procedures were included in this study after obtaining consent. Pulp/tooth ratio using Cameriere et al. method on mandibular canine and linear measurements related to mental foramen, i.e., the distance between the superior and inferior border of the mandible (S-I) and the mandible’s superior border to the superior margin of the mental foramen (S-sM) were estimated using Adobe Photoshop image editing software. Later, buccal smears obtained from the same individual were fixed with 95% alcohol and stained with Papanicolaou’s stain for cytomorphometric analysis. The age was calculated using the regression analysis and correlated with chronological age. Results: Statistical significance and better correlation were obtained pulp/ tooth area ratio, the distance of S-I of all age groups. However, the distance of S-sM proved to be more effective in Group 4 (51-60 years) and buccal cell size was found to be comparable to the chronological age particularly in Group 5 (above 60 years). Conclusion: In the present study, the accuracy of estimated age compared to the chronological age was more promising for pulp/tooth area ratio, followed by S-I, S-sM, and cell size.

关键词： Age estimation cell size cytomorphometric analysis mental foramen pulp/tooth area ratio