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Trials of testosterone replacement reporting cardiovascular adverse events

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第2期20卷 131-137页

作者： Thiago Gagliano-Juca Shehzad Basaria Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA

The numbers of testosterone prescriptions written have increased several-fold worldwide, but the incidence of pathological hypogonadism due to hypothalamic, pituitary, and testicular disease has remained unchanged. Most of these prescriptions are being dispensed to middle-aged and older men who have experienced age-related decline in serum testosterone levels; a subset of the population in which benefits of testosterone replacement is at best, modest. Recently, some randomized controlled trials have reported increased cardiovascular events in men （mainly older men and those with prevalent cardiovascular disease） with testosterone use, and a few recent meta-analyses have confirmed these findings, in this review, we discuss trials of testosterone therapy that have reported higher cardiovascular events, relevant trials that have not reported increased cardiovascular events and large trials that have focused on cardiovascular risk （mainly atherosclerosis progression） as their main outcome. We also review findings from meta-analyses that have evaluated cardiovascular events in various testosterone trials. Finally, we discuss some potential mechanisms by which testosterone use might result in an increased cardiovascular risk. As none of the trials conducted to date were adequately powered to evaluate cardiovascular events, no firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the cardiovascular safety of testosterone therapy at this time. In the interim, we hope that this review will help practitioners make informed decisions regarding the care of their patients.

关键词： atherosclerosis cardiovascular frailty testosterone thromboembolism

Nanotechnology for cardiovascular diseases

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The Innovation 2022年第2期3卷 17-37页

作者： Qinqin Hu Zheyan Fang Junbo Ge Hua Li Department of Cardiology Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital&Zhongshan-xuhui HospitalZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

cardiovascular diseases have become the major killers in today’s world,among which coronary artery diseases(CADs)make the greatest contributions to morbidity and mortality.Although state-of-the-art technologies have increased our knowledge of the cardiovascular system,the current diagnosis and treatment modalities for CADs still have limitations.As an emerging cross-disciplinary approach.

关键词： diseases cardiovascular diagnosis

Role of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Treating cardiovascular Diseases

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第4期25卷 307-315页

作者： LI Jie GUAN Xuan-ke LIU Ru-xiu Department of Cardiology Guang'anmen HospitalChinese Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing(100053)China

Recently,studying myocardial energy metabolism pathways or improving myocardial metabolism through drugs is another effective strategy for treating ischemic heart disease.Many active components of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) have been found to modulate energy metabolism in myocardial cells,cerebral vascular cells,endothelial cells and tumour cells.This paper reviews the advances in studies on the active components of CHMs that modulating energy metabolism in treating cardiovascular diseases over the past ?ve years.

关键词： biologically active ingredient Chinese herbal medicine cardiovascular disease ischemic heart disease heart failure

Pharmacological Modulation of Vagal Nerve Activity in cardiovascular Diseases

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第1期35卷 156-166页

作者： Longzhu Liu Ming Zhao Xiaojiang Yu Weijin Zang Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center

cardiovascular diseases are life-threatening illnesses with high morbidity and mortality. Suppressed vagal(parasympathetic) activity and increased sympathetic activity are involved in these diseases. Currently, pharmacological interventions primarily aim to inhibit overexcitation of sympathetic nerves, while vagal modulation has been largely neglected. Many studies have demonstrated that increased vagal activity reduces cardiovascular risk factors in both animal models and human patients.Therefore, the improvement of vagal activity may be an alternate approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, drugs used for vagus nerve activation in cardiovascular diseases are limited in the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential drug targets for modulating vagal nerve activation, including muscarinic, and b-adrenergic receptors. In addition,vagomimetic drugs(such as choline, acetylcholine, and pyridostigmine) and the mechanism underlying their cardiovascular protective effects are also discussed.

关键词： cardiovascular disease Cholinergic drugs Muscarinic receptor a7-nACh receptor Vagus nerve Vagomimetic drugs

Effect of Heart Rate on Major Adverse cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients with Different Ages and Genders

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China CDC weekly 2021年第15期3卷 320-322,I0001页

作者： Yang Xi Ningling Sun Department of hypertension Heart CenterPeking University People’s HospitalBeijingChina

Summary What is already known on this topic?The increase of heart rate will increase blood pressure,and the cardiovascular risk will increase when heart rate>80 beats/min(bpm)in patients with hypertension.What is added by this report?Compared with patients who were female,<65 years old,and with hypertension,patients who were male,≥65 years old.

关键词： cardiovascular hypertension patients

Exercise-mediated regulation of autophagy in the cardiovascular system

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第3期9卷 203-210页

作者： Lijun Wang Jiaqi Wang Dragos Cretoiu Guoping Li Junjie Xiao Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute of Mother and Child Health Fetal Medicine Excellence Research CenterBucharest 020395Romania cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School BostonMA 02215USA

cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway,which is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which lysosomes decompose their own organelles and recycle the resulting macromolecules.Autophagy is critical in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and function, and excessive or insufficient autophagy or autophagic flux can lead to cardiovascular disease. Enormous evidence indicates that exercise training plays a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The regulation of autophagy during exercise is a bidirectional process. For cardiovascular disease caused by either insufficient or excessive autophagy, exercise training restores normal autophagy function and delays the progression of cardiovascular disease.An in-depth exploration and discussion of exercise-mediated regulation of autophagy in the cardiovascular system can broaden our view about the prevention of various autophagy-related diseases through exercise training. In this article, we review autophagy and its related signaling pathways,as well as autophagy-dependent beneficial effects of exercise in cardiovascular system.

关键词： Autophagy cardiovascular diseases Exercise

The primary use of artificial intelligence in cardiovascular diseases: what kind of potential role does artificial intelligence play in future medicine?

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第8期16卷 585-591页

作者： Yang YAN Jia-Wen ZHANG Guang-Yao ZANG Jun PU Department of Cardiology Ren Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina School of Medicine Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina

cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a major threat to human health and the leading cause of death worldwide.[1] The incidence of CVD caused 17.6 million deaths in 2016, an increase of 14.5% from 2006 to 2016.[2] Unfortunately, the mortality and morbidity rates of CVD are increasing year by year, especially in developing regions. Studies have shown that approximately 80% of CVD-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Besides, these deaths occur at a younger age than in high-income countries.[3]?

关键词： Artificial intelligence cardiovascular diseases Machine learning

Childhood obesity, cardiovascular and liver health: a growing epidemic with age

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第5期16卷 438-445页

作者： Maria Felicia Faienza Mariangela Chiarito Emilio Molina-Molina Harshitha Shanmugam Frank Lammert Marcin Krawczyk Gabriele D'Amato Piero Portincasa Section of Pediatrics Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari"Aldo Moro"BariItaly Clinica Medica"A.Murri" Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari"Aldo Moro"BariItaly Department of MedicineⅡ Saarland University Medical CenterSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases Center for Preclinical ResearchDepartment of GeneralTransplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Di Venere HospitalBariItaly

Background The frequency of childhood obesity has increased over the last 3 decades,and the trend constitutes a worrisome epidemic worldwide.With the raising obesity risk,key aspects to consider are accurate body mass index classification,as well as metabolic and cardiovascular,and hepatic consequences.Data sources The authors performed a systematic literature search in PubMed and EMBASE,using selected key words(obesity,childhood,cardiovascular,liver health).In particular,they focused their search on papers evaluating the impact of obesity on cardiovascular and liver health.Results We evaluated the current literature dealing with the impact of excessive body fat accumulation in childhood and across adulthood,as a predisposing factor to cardiovascular and hepatic alterations.We also evaluated the impact of physical and dietary behaviors starting from childhood on cardio-metabolic consequences.Conclusions The epidemic of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities worldwide raises concerns about the impact of early abnormalities during childhood and adolescence.Two key abnormalities in this context include cardiovascular diseases,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Appropriate metabolic screenings and associated comorbidities should start as early as possible in obese children and adolescents.Nevertheless,improving dietary intake and increasing physical activity performance are to date the best therapeutic tools in children to weaken the onset of obesity,cardiovascular diseases,and diabetes risk during adulthood.

关键词： cardiovascular Childhood Liver health Obesity

Therapeutic effects of garlic in cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019年第10期17卷 721-728页

作者： Igor A.Sobenin Veronika A.Myasoedova Maria I.Iltchuk ZHANG Dong-Wei Alexander N.Orekhov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology 121552 MoscowRussian Federation Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology 125315 MoscowRussian Federation Research Institute of Threpsology and Healthy Lo ngevity Plekhanov Russian University of Economics117997 MoscowRussian Federation Diabetes Research Center Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China Institute of Human Morphology 117418 MoscowRussian Federation

Garlic(Allium sativum) is a widely known medicinal plant, potential of which remains to be fully evaluated. Its wide-range beneficial effects appear to be relevant for treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and related diseases. It is generally believed that garlic-based preparations are able to improve lipid profile in humans, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, suppress low density lipoprotein oxidation, modulate blood pressure, suppress platelet aggregation, lower plasma fibrinogen level and increase fibrinolytic activity, thus providing clinically relevant cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is important to assess the level of evidence available for different protective effects of garlic and to understand the underlying mechanisms. This information will allow adequate integration of garlic-based preparations to clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic preparations, focusing on antihyperlipidemic, hypotensive, anti-platelet and direct anti-atherosclerotic activities of the medicinal plant. We also provide an overview of available meta-analyses and a number of clinical trials that assess the beneficial effects of garlic.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Dyslipidemia cardiovascular disease Natural medicines Garlic