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The role of herbivores in the grassland carbon budget for Three-Rivers Headwaters region,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

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Grassland Research 2022年第3期1卷 207-219页

作者： Junbang Wang Xinquan Zhao Xihuang Ouyang Liang Zhao Wenying Wang Chan Zuo Zhenhua Zhang Huakun Zhou Alan Watson Yingnian Li Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling National Ecosystem Science Data CenterInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXiningChina Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of Life Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningChina Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceMissoulaMontanaUSA

Background:An accurate assessment of the carbon budget is a crucial part of projecting future climate change and its impact on ecosystems.Grasslands foster multiple ecological functions including support for wild animals and livestocks.Herbivores intake forage biomass carbon,then digest and metabolize,and finally retain some carbon.The carbon processes have not been well quantified,resulting in uncertainties in the estimation of regional carbon budgets for grassland ecosystems.Methods:An animal metabolic carbon flux model was developed for herbivores in the Three-Rivers Headwaters region of China.The forage intake and metabolic carbon rates were estimated through metabolic body weight and daily digested measures for the main herbivore species.Results:The carbon intake was 5.52 Tg C year−1(45%)from partial aboveground biomass(12.2 Tg C year−1),in which 39.31%was released into the atmosphere by respiration CO_(2),43.77%was returned to the ecosystem as feces and urine,and 16.96%was retained in herbivores for population regeneration or for human well-being.Conclusions:This study,as the first research on this topic,quantified the carbon flux of herbivores and found livestock accounts for a major part of consumed carbon on grasslands,which is important for understanding regional carbon budgets to mitigate and adapt to climate change over grasslands worldwide.

关键词： aboveground biomass alpine grassland carbon budget herbivores livestock metabolism

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中国碳收支:1980~2021年

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 114-124页

作者：夏晓圣任培阳王旭辉刘丹陈修治丹利何斌何洪林居为民梁敏琪陆星劼彭静覃章才夏江周郑博魏静乐旭于贵瑞朴世龙袁文平 School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon CycleSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 510245China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100091China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Synthesis Research Center of China’s Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

As one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases,China has set itself the ambitious goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Therefore,it is crucial to quantify the magnitude and trend of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and to monitor China's progress toward these goals.Using state-of-the-art datasets and models,this study comprehensively estimated the anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions from energy,industrial processes and product use,and waste along with natural sources and sinks of CO_(2)for all of China during 1980-2021.To recognize the differences among various methods of estimating greenhouse emissions,the estimates are compared with China's National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(NGHGIs)for 1994,2005,2010,2012,and 2014.Anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions in China have increased by 7.39 times from 1980 to 12.77 Gt CO_(2)a^(-1)in 2021.While benefiting from ecological projects(e.g.,Three Norths Shelter Forest System Project),the land carbon sink in China has reached 1.65 Gt CO_(2)a^(-1)averaged through 2010-2021,which is almost 15.81 times that of the carbon sink in the 1980s.On average,China's terrestrial ecosystems offset 14.69%±2.49%of anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions through 2010-2021.Two provincial-level administrative regions of China,Xizang and Qinghai,have achieved carbon neutrality according to our estimates,but nearly half of the administrative regions of China have terrestrial carbon sink offsets of less than 10%of anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions.This study indicated a high level of consistency between NGHGIs and various datasets used for estimating fossil CO_(2)emissions,but found notable differences for land carbon sinks.Future estimates of the terrestrial carbon sinks of NGHGIs urgently need to be verified with process-based models which integrate the comprehensive carbon cycle processes.

关键词： CO_(2)emission Land carbon sink China carbon neutrality carbon budget

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Comparison of carbon budget of Enterprises at Home and Abroad

Comparison of Carbon Budget of Enterprises at Home and Abroa...

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作者： Shao-yu YIN North China Electric Power University

At present, energy conservation and emission reduction has become the background of enterprise development, and carbon budget is of great significance for carbon emission reduction tasks, but there is still a gap between the implementation of carbon budget in China and that in foreign countries, so this paper compares the implementation of carbon budget in domestic and foreign enterprises. This paper mainly studies this subject through questionnaire survey, network survey, individual analysis and other research methods, and analyzes the reasons for the better implementation in foreign countries and the experience that can be used for reference in China.

关键词： carbon budget carbon emission reduction Comparison

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Research on carbon budget Implementation in Electric Power Enterprises

Research on Carbon Budget Implementation in Electric Power E...

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作者： Su-ran CHENG North China Electric Power University

At present, energy saving and emission reduction have become the background of enterprise development. Electric power enterprises are also an important source of carbon emissions in the world. carbon budget is of great significance for carbon emission reduction task. Therefore, this paper studies the implementation of carbon budget in electric power enterprises. This paper mainly studies this topic through questionnaire survey, network survey, individual analysis and other research methods, puts forward relevant problems and gives solutions.

关键词： carbon budget Electric power Emission

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Thermodynamic driving mechanisms for the formation of global precipitation extremes and ecohydrological effects

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第1期66卷 92-110页

作者： Jiabo YIN Shenglian GUO Jun WANG Jie CHEN Quan ZHANG Lei GU Yan YANG Jing TIAN Lihua XIONG Yao ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial Information Technology of MNR Chinese Academy of Surveying and MappingBeijing 100830China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Global warming has altered the thermodynamic and dynamic environments of climate systems,affecting the biogeochemical processes between the geosphere and atmosphere,which has significant impacts on precipitation extremes and the terrestrial carbon budget of ecosystems.Existing studies have reported a hook structure for precipitation extreme-temperature relationships but have rarely examined the underlying physical mechanisms.Previous studies have also failed to quantify the impact of precipitation on ecosystem productivity,hindering the assessment of future extreme climatic hazards and potential ecosystem risks.To reveal the thermodynamic driving mechanisms for the formation of global precipitation extremes and ecohydrological effects,this study utilizes over ten multisource datasets(i.e.,satellite,reanalysis,climate model,land surface model,machine learning reconstruction,and flux tower measurements).We first assess the response of water-heat-carbon flux to precipitation extremes and explain the underlying physical mechanisms behind the hook structures in terms of atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics.Based on outputs from five global climate models(GCMs)under ISIMIP3b,we project future changes in the hook structures as well as their impacts on precipitation extremes.Finally,we discuss the impact of precipitation on the terrestrial carbon budget by using outputs from the CLM4.5 model.The results show that precipitation extremes are usually accompanied by strong exchanges of water and heat and demonstrate a nonlinear relationship between precipitation and ecosystem productivity.The intensity(duration)of extreme precipitation is intensifying(decreasing)over most areas of the globe,whereas three-dimensional precipitation events are becoming more concentrated.Atmospheric dynamics play a key role in shaping the hook structure.The structure is not stable;it shifts under climate change and is projected to result in a 10–40%intensification in precipitation by the end of this century.Moderate levels of precipitation co

关键词： Climate change Precipitation extremes Thermodynamics Ecosystem carbon budget

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The Variability of Air-sea O_(2)Flux in CMIP6:Implications for Estimating Terrestrial and Oceanic carbon Sinks

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第8期39卷 1271-1284,I0024-I0026页

作者： Changyu LI Jianping HUANG Lei DING Yu REN Linli AN Xiaoyue LIU Jiping HUANG College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Enlightening Bioscience Research Center MississaugaL4X 2X7Canada

The measurement of atmospheric O_(2)concentrations and related oxygen budget have been used to estimate terrestrial and oceanic carbon uptake.However,a discrepancy remains in assessments of O_(2)exchange between ocean and atmosphere(i.***.air-sea O_(2)flux),which is one of the major contributors to uncertainties in the O_(2)-based estimations of the carbon uptake.Here,we explore the variability of air-sea O_(2)flux with the use of outputs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6).The simulated air-sea O_(2)flux exhibits an obvious warming-induced upward trend(~1.49 Tmol yr−2)since the mid-1980s,accompanied by a strong decadal variability dominated by oceanic climate modes.We subsequently revise the O_(2)-based carbon uptakes in response to this changing air-sea O_(2)flux.Our results show that,for the 1990−2000 period,the averaged net ocean and land sinks are 2.10±0.43 and 1.14±0.52 GtC yr−1 respectively,overall consistent with estimates derived by the Global carbon Project(GCP).An enhanced carbon uptake is found in both land and ocean after year 2000,reflecting the modification of carbon cycle under human activities.Results derived from CMIP5 simulations also investigated in the study allow for comparisons from which we can see the vital importance of oxygen dataset on carbon uptake estimations.

关键词： air-sea O_(2)flux carbon budget land and ocean carbon sinks CMIP6

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碳中和背景下国家碳预算的理论同构与立法路径

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生态环境与保护 2024年第6期

作者：潘晓滨

国家碳预算制度兼具碳排放总量控制与统计核算工具的双重功能，碳达峰目标的迫近及碳中和目标下国家降碳任务的紧迫性，使得如何将碳预算融入“双碳”目标的实践过程，实现制度和理论的双向促进成为重要问题。一方面，通过梳理碳预算制... 详细信息

国家碳预算制度兼具碳排放总量控制与统计核算工具的双重功能，碳达峰目标的迫近及碳中和目标下国家降碳任务的紧迫性，使得如何将碳预算融入“双碳”目标的实践过程，实现制度和理论的双向促进成为重要问题。一方面，通过梳理碳预算制度产生的背景、碳预算概念的演变，事实印证了应对气候变化立法，是把承载全球碳排放环境容量的国际碳预算，转移至各国碳预算本土化的可靠实现方式。另一方面，域外国家应对气候变化立法的碳预算制度经验发现，其对我国碳预算目标设置、机制协同、资金渠道等方面具有重要启示。将碳预算纳入我国“双碳”目标实现的法治保障体系，可以结合已有预算法程序化规定，通过建立专门性机构、权责配置、预算调整机制、专项资金供给等制度，建构起“双碳”目标下符合我国需要的碳预算制度体系。

关键词：碳预算国家碳预算制度应对气候变化法碳达峰碳中和总量控制 carbon budget national carbon budget system addressing climate change law carbon peak carbon neutrality cap setting

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Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 60-73页

作者： Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser Alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald Shushi Peng Ana Bastos Wei Li Peter A.Raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.Peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne Maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang Grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel S.Goll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere 15. Institute for Geology CEN—Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of Hamburg 16. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford University 17. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanford 18. School of Geographical SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and Technology 19. Department of Ecological SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 20. Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTEC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Tuva State University Republic of Tuva Max Planck Institute for Meteorology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Lab. 26. Department for Innovation in BiologicalAgro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia RUDN University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan University 29. Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technology 30. Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern 31. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sci

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2of 39 Pg C yr-1with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr-1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.

关键词： carbon budget human appropriation of ecosystems soil carbon

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基于主体功能区的京津冀城市群碳收支时空分异与碳补偿分区

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第10期32卷 1911-1934页

作者：夏四友杨宇 Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Strategy Research of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Guangzhou 510070China

Research on the carbon budget and zoning for carbon compensation in major functional zones(MFZs)is important for formulating strategies for low-carbon development for each functional zone,promoting the collaborative governance of the regional ecological environment,and achieving high-quality development.Such work can also contribute to achieving peak emissions and carbon neutrality.This paper constructs a theoretical framework for the carbon budget and carbon compensation from the perspective of the MFZ,uses 157 county-level units of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration(BTHUA)as the study area,and introduces the concentration index,normalized revealed comparative advantage index,and Self Organizing Mapping-K-means(SOM-K-means)model to examine spatio-temporal variations in the carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning for the BTHUA from the perspective of MFZs.The authors propose a scheme for the spatial minimization of carbon emissions as oriented by low-carbon development.The results show that:(1)From 2000 to 2017,the carbon budget exhibited an upward trend of volatility,its centralization index was higher than the“warning line”of 0.4,and large regional differences in it were noted on the whole.(2)There were significant regional differences in the carbon budget,and carbon emissions exhibited a core-periphery spatial pattern,with a high-value center at Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan that gradually decreased as it moved outward.However,the spatial pattern of carbon absorption tended to be stable,showing an inverted“U-shaped”pattern.It was high in the east,north,and west,and was low in the middle and the south.(3)The carbon budget was consistent with the strategic positioning of the MFZ,and the optimized development zone and key development zone were the main pressure-bearing areas for carbon emissions,while the key ecological functional zone was the dominant zone of carbon absorption.The difference in the centralization index of carbon absorption among the functional zones was smaller than that in the centra

关键词： major functional zones(MFZ) carbon budget carbon compensation zoning spatial optimization Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration(BTHUA)

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A carbon-neutrality-capactiy index for evaluating carbon sink contributions

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2023年第3期15卷 54-65页

作者： Xiaoyong Bai Sirui Zhang Chaojun Li Lian Xiong Fengjiao Song Chaochao Du Minghui Li Qing Luo Yingying Xue Shijie Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550081China School of Geography and Environmental Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang550001Guizhou ProvinceChina CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi'an710061ShaanxiProvinceChina

The accurate determination of the carbon-neutrality capacity(CNC)of a region is crucial for developing policies related to emissions and climate change.However,a systematic diagnostic method for determining the CNC that considers the rock chemical weathering carbon sink(RCS)is lacking.Moreover,it is challenging but indispensable to establish a fast and practical index model to determine the CNC.Here,we selected Guizhou as the study area,used the methods for different types of carbon sinks,and constructed a CNC index(CNCI)model.We found that:(1)the carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink flux was 30.3 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1).Guizhou accounted for 1.8%of the land area and contributed 5.4%of the carbonate chemical weathering carbon sink;(2)the silicate rock chemical weathering carbon sink and its flux were 1.44×10^(3)t CO_(2)and 2.43 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively;(3)the vegetation-soil ecosystem carbon sink and its flux were 1.37×10^(8)t CO_(2)and 831.70 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1),respectively;(4)the carbon emissions(CEs)were 280 Tg CO_(2),about 2.8%of the total for China;and(5)the total carbon sinks in Guizhou were 160 Tg CO_(2),with a CNCI of 57%,which is 4.8 times of China and 2.1 times of the world.In summary,we conducted a systematic diagnosis of the CNC considering the RCS and established a CNCI model.The results of this study have a strong implication and significance for national and global CNC determination and gap analysis.

关键词： carbon neutrality carbon sink carbon source Rock chemical weathering carbon budget

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