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canine distemper virus as a threat to wild tigers in Russia and across their range

Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 329-343页

作者： Martin GILBERT Svetlana V.SOUTYRINA Ivan V.SERYODKIN Nadezhda SULIKHAN Olga V.UPHYRKINA Mikhail GONCHARUK Louise MATTHEWS Sarah CLEAVELAND Dale G.MIQUELLE Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health Institute of BiodiversityAnimal Health and Comparative MedicineCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Pacific Geographical Institute Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia Far Eastern Federal University VladivostokRussia Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia Lazovskii State Nature Zapovednik LazoPrimorskii KraiRussia

canine distemper virus(CDV)has recently been identified in populations of wild tigers in Russia and *** populations are generally too small to maintain CDV for long periods,but are at risk of infections arising from more abundant susceptible hosts that constitute a reservoir of *** CDV is an additive mortality factor,it could represent a significant threat to small,isolated tiger *** Russia,CDV was associated with the deaths of tigers in 2004 and 2010,and was coincident with a localized decline of tigers in Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik(from 25 tigers in 2008 to 9 in 2012).Habitat continuity with surrounding areas likely played an important role in promoting an ongoing *** recommend steps be taken to assess the presence and the impact of CDV in all tiger range states,but should not detract focus away from the primary threats to tigers,which include habitat loss and fragmentation,poaching and retaliatory *** priorities include:(i)recognition and diagnosis of clinical cases of CDV in tigers when they occur;and(ii)collection of baseline data on the health of wild *** infection of individual tigers need not imply a conservation threat,and modeling should complement disease surveillance and targeted research to assess the potential impact to tiger populations across the range of ecosystems,population densities and climate extremes occupied by *** the role of domestic and wild carnivores as contributors to a local CDV reservoir is an important precursor to considering control measures.

关键词： canine distemper virus conservation threat extinction Panthera tigris altaica population decline

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Construction of Recombinant Expression Plasmids Containing H and F Protein Genes of canine distemper virus Isolated from a Mink and Their Expression in Prokaryotic Cells

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2013年第1期2卷 38-41页

作者： Fengyan SU Cunfa LIU Tiefeng WEN Ying ZONG Quankai WANG College of Chinese Medicinal Materials Jilin Agricultural University Wild Animal Rescue and Breeding Center of Jilin Province

[Objective] This study aimed to construct the recombinant expression plasmids containing H and F protein genes of canine distemper virus isolated from a mink and to express these two genes in prekaryotic cells as well as to study the reactogenieity of the expressed products. [ Method ] RT-PCR amplification was used to obtain H and F protein genes; TA cloning and subclonlng techniques were used to construct the cloning plasmids（pMD-18T-H and pMD-18T-F） and recombinant expression plasmids（pET28a-H and pET28a-F） ; SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting were adopted to verify whether the target proteins were successfully expressed. [ Result] The recombinant expression plasmids pET28a-H and pET28a-F containing H and F protein genes of canine distemper virus isolated from a mink were successfully constructed, and both the expressed H and F proteins with respectively relative molecular mass of 31 400 and 38 200 produced positive reac- tion with the CDV standard positive serum. [ Conclusion] The H and F proteins expressed in prokaryotic cells were the same with the natural ones in terms of reac- togenicity, which can be utilized for diagnosis of a CDV＇s infection or for an epidemiological investigation. Meanwhile, they also provide a basis for developing ge- netically engineered subunit vaccines.

关键词： canine distemper virus H protein gene F protein gene Expression in prokaryotic ceils

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Characteristic changes of T and B cells in lymphoid tissues of dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus

Characteristic changes of T and B cells in lymphoid tissues ...

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中国畜牧兽医学会兽医病理学分第12次暨中国动物病理生理...

作者： Takashi YOSHIKAWA Department Veterinary Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SciencesKitasato University35-1 Higashi-23 banchoTowada cityAomori 034-8628Japan

In order to investigate the changes of T, B cells subsets and the pathogenesis of lymphocytic depletion in lymphoid tissues this study was done in dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus. CD3, CD45RO antigen expression of T cells and IgG, IgM antibody expression of B cells, and distribution of canine distemper virus CDV antigen were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results displayed that CDV antigen often occurred in lymphocytes, foilicular dendritic cells, lymphoid dendritic cells and macrophages of lymphoid tissues. The early myelocytes of CDV antigen positive reaction and with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were revealed in bone marrow. Compared with control group, CD3 and CD45RO - positive cells mainly presented in T cell areas. The numbers of CD3 and CD45RO - positive cells were reduced in the region of T cell. Macrophages lied in lymphoid tissue were stained by CD45RO. IgG, IgM -positive cells reduced in the zone of B cell. Some of plasma cell distributed in lymphoid tissues stained by IgG or IgM respectively. The orders of lymphocytic depletion in lymphoid tissues were, sharply IgG, moderate IgM and CD45RO, mild CD3 - positive cells. It is considered that the lymphocytic depletion in lymphoid tissues was mainly caused by B cells loss;the lower lymphocytic multiplication is significant reason to bring about lymphocytic depletion in lymphoid tissues.

关键词： canine distemper virus T cell B cell lymphoid tissue natural infection

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Pathogenesis of canine distemper virus in Experimentally Infected Raccoon dogs,Foxes,and Minks

Pathogenesis of Canine Distemper Virus in Experimentally Inf...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物传染病学分会第十六次学术研讨会

作者： Jianjun Zhao Ning Shi Yangang Sun Chunsheng Zhu Hailing Zhang Bo Hu Xue Bai Xijun Yan Division of Infectious Diseases of Special Animal The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animal Institute of Special Animal and Plant SciencesThe Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

canine distemper virus(CDV) infects a broad range of carnivores and causes a highly contagious disease with severe *** disease severity markedly varies in different *** investigate the pathogenesis of CDV in raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides),fox(Vulpes vulpes) and mink(Neovison vison) species,three groups of CDV sero-negative animals were infected with CDV strain LN(10)*** CDV strain belongs to the Asia-1 genotype,which is epidemiologically predominant in carnivores in *** infection provoked marked differences in virulence in the three species that were *** dogs developed fever,severe conjunctivitis,and pathological lesions,with 100%(5/5)mortality and with high viral RNA loads in organs within 15 days post infection(dpi).In infected foxes,the onset of the disease was delayed,with 40%(2/5) mortality by 21 *** minks developed only mild clinical signs and pathological lesions,and mortality was not *** dogs and foxes showed more severe immune suppression(lymphopenia,decreased lymphocyte proliferation,viremia and low-level virus neutralizing antibodies) than *** also observed a distinct pattern of cytokine mRNA transcripts at different times after *** IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA responses were evident in the animals with fatal disease,while up-regulation of these cytokines was observed in the animals surviving the *** TNF-α response was detected in animals with mild or severe clinical *** on the results,we could distinguish three different patterns of disease after experimental CDV infection,e.g.a mild form in minks,a moderate form in foxes and a severe disease in raccoon *** observed differences in susceptibility to CDV could be related to distinct host cytokine *** evaluation of CDV pathogenesis in various animal species is pivotal to generate models suitable for the evaluation of CDV-host interactions and of vaccine response.

关键词： canine distemper virus Raccoon dog Fox,Mink Pathogenesis

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Addressing the impact of canine distemper spreading on an isolated tiger population in northeast Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 994-1008页

作者： Dawei WANG James L.D.SMITH Francesco ACCATINO Jianping GE Tianming WANG Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering NFGA Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard&College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA UMR SADAPT INRAEAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayPALAISEAU CedexFrance

The continuation of the isolated Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population living along the China-Russia border is facing serious challenges due to factors such as its small size(including 38 individuals)and canine distemper virus(CDV).We use a population viability analysis metamodel,which consists of a traditional individual-based demographic model linked to an epidemiological model,to assess options for controlling the impact of negative factors through domestic dog management in protected areas,increasing connectivity to the neighboring large population(including more than 400 individuals),and habitat *** intervention,under inbreeding depression of 3.14,6.29,and 12.26 lethal equivalents,our metamodel predicted the extinction within 100 years is 64.4%,90.6%,and 99.8%,*** addition,the simulation results showed that dog management or habitat expansion independently will not ensure tiger population viability for the next 100 years,and connectivity to the neighboring population would only keep the population size from rapidly ***,when the above three conservation scenarios are combined,even at the highest level of 12.26 lethal equivalents inbreeding depression,population size will not decline and the probability of extinction will be<5.8%.Our findings highlight that protecting the Amur tiger necessitates a multifaceted synergistic *** key management recommendations for this population underline the importance of reducing CDV threats and expanding tiger occupancy to its former range in China,but re-establishing habitat connectivity to the neighboring population is an important long-term objective.

关键词： Amur tiger canine distemper virus habitat connectivity metamodel population viability analysis(PVA)

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Mortality of Amur tigers:The more things change,the more they stay the same

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 344-353页

作者： Hugh S.ROBINSON John M.GOODRICH Dale G.MIQUELLE Clayton S.MILLER Ivan V.SERYODKIN Panthera New YorkNew YorkUSA Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Wildlife Biology Program College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA Pacific Geographical Institute Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia Far Eastern Federal University VladivostokRussia

Poaching as well as loss of habitat and prey are identified as causes of tiger population *** some studies have examined habitat requirements and prey availability,few studies have quantified cause-specific mortality of *** used cumulative incidence functions(CIFs)to quantify cause-specific mortality rates of tigers,expanding and refining earlier studies to assess the potential impact of a newly emerging *** quantify changes in tiger mortality over time,we re-examined data first collected by Goodrich et al.(2008;study period 1:1992–2004)as well as new telemetry data collected since January 2005(study period 2:2005–2012)using a total of 57 tigers(27 males and 30 females)monitored for an average of 747 days(range 26–4718 days).Across the entire study period(1992 to 2012)we found an estimated average annual survival rate of 0.75 for all tigers *** was the primary cause of mortality during both study periods,followed by suspected poaching,distemper and natural/unknown *** 2005,poaching mortality has remained relatively constant and,if combined with suspected poaching,may account for a loss of 17–19%of the population each *** distemper virus(CDV)may be an additive form of mortality to the population,currently accounting for an additional 5%.Despite this relatively new source of mortality,poaching remains the main threat to Amur tiger survival and,therefore,population growth.

关键词： canine distemper virus cause-specific mortality cumulative incidence function Panthera tigris altaica poaching

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