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Clinical Application and Prospect of New Radiotherapy Technology in cancer treatment

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2024年第3期8卷 84-90页

作者： Kimi Dai Department of Oncology University of OxfordOxfordOX37DQUnited Kingdom

Objective: Carbon ion therapy, a new radiotherapy technology, has shown its remarkable efficacy and potential in cancer treatment, especially in the treatment of refractory tumors. Methods: This paper clarifies the physical basis, technological change, and clinical practice effect of carbon ion therapy, comprehensively discusses the future prospects, and evaluates the clinical application effect. Results: The technology has significantly improved the treatment effectiveness and received a positive response from patients. Conclusion: Carbon ion therapy technology has become a major innovation in the field of cancer treatment. It not only has a profound impact on many current cancer therapy methods but also indicates the application blueprint for a wider range of cancer types in the future, showing a new chapter of medical technology advancement.

关键词： Carbon ion therapy Radiation therapy cancer treatment Clinical application Therapeutic effect

Autophagy and cancer treatment: four functional forms of autophagy and their therapeutic applications

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2022年第2期23卷 89-101页

作者： Zhaoshi BAI Yaling PENG Xinyue YE Zhixian LIU Yupeng LI Lingman MA Jiangsu cancer Hospital&Jiangsu Institute of cancer Research&the Affiliated cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210009China School of Life Science and Technology China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198China

cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Drugs play a pivotal role in cancer treatment, but the complex biological processes of cancer cells seriously limit the efficacy of various anticancer drugs. Autophagy, a self-degradative system that maintains cellular homeostasis, universally operates under normal and stress conditions in cancer cells. The roles of autophagy in cancer treatment are still controversial because both stimulation and inhibition of autophagy have been reported to enhance the effects of anticancer drugs. Thus, the important question arises as to whether we should try to strengthen or suppress autophagy during cancer therapy. Currently, autophagy can be divided into four main forms according to its different functions during cancer treatment: cytoprotective(cell survival), cytotoxic(cell death), cytostatic(growth arrest), and nonprotective(no contribution to cell death or survival). In addition, various cell death modes, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, all contribute to the anticancer effects of drugs. The interaction between autophagy and these cell death modes is complex and can lead to anticancer drugs having different or even completely opposite effects on treatment. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying contexts in which autophagy inhibition or activation will be beneficial or detrimental.That is, appropriate therapeutic strategies should be adopted in light of the different functions of autophagy. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the evolving relationship between autophagy and cancer treatment.

关键词： Autophagy cancer treatment Precision treatment Cell death mode

Lipid nanomaterials-based RNA therapy and cancer treatment

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第3期13卷 903-915页

作者： Xingcai Zhang Luo Hai Yibo Gao Guocan Yu Yingli Sun School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridge 02138MAUSA Central Laboratory National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeShenzhen 518116China Department of Thoracic Surgery National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Laboratory of Translational Medicine National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry&Chemical Biology Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for BioinformationBeijing 100101China

We summarize the most important advances in RNA delivery and nanomedicine.We describe lipid nanoparticle-based RNA therapeutics and the impacts on the development of novel drugs.The fundamental properties of the key RNA members are described.We introduced recent advances in the nanoparticles to deliver RNA to defined targets,with a focus on lipid nanoparticles(LNPs).We review recent advances in biomedical therapy based on RNA drug delivery and state-of-the-art RNA application platforms,including the treatment of different types of cancer.This review presents an overview of current LNPs based RNA therapies in cancer treatment and provides deep insight into the development of future nanomedicines sophisticatedly combining the unparalleled functions of RNA therapeutics and nanotechnology.

关键词： Antisense oligonucleotides siRNA miRNA mRNA cancer treatment Nanomedicine RNA therapy Lipid nanoparticles

Emerging mechanisms of ferroptosis and its implications in lung cancer

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第7期137卷 818-829页

作者： Li Qian Song Qibin Pei Huadong Chen Yali USA State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing 102206 cancer Center Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430060 China Department of Oncology Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive cancer Center Georgetown University Medical Center Washington D.C. 20057

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies and has the highest number of deaths among all cancers. Despite continuous advances in medical strategies, the overall survival of lung cancer patients is still low, probably due to disease progression or drug resistance. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death triggered by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides, and its dysregulation is implicated in cancer development. Preclinical evidence has shown that targeting the ferroptosis pathway could be a potential strategy for improving lung cancer treatment outcomes. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis in lung cancer and highlight ferroptosis-targeting preclinical attempts to provide new insights for lung cancer treatment.

关键词： Lung cancer Ferroptosis Ferroptosis regulators Ferroptosis inducers cancer treatment

Targeting CD47-SIRPα axis for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma immunotherapy

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 205-217页

作者： Pengcheng Zhao Longyan Xie Lei Yu Ping Wang School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of TechnologyZiboShandong 255000China Tongji University cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The interaction between cluster of differentiation 47(CD47)and signal regulatory proteinα(SiRPa)protects healthy cells from macrophage attack,which is crucial for maintain-ing immune homeostasis.Overexpression of CD47 occurs widely across various tumor cell types and transmits the"don't eat me"signal to macrophages to avoid phagocytosis through binding to SIRPa.Blockade of the CD47-SIRPa axis is therefore a promising approach for cancer treat-ment.Lymphoma is the most common hematological malignancy and is an area of unmet clin-ical need.This review mainly described the current strategies targeting the CD47-SIRPa axis,including antibodies,SiRPaFc fusion proteins,small molecule inhibitors,and peptides both in preclinical studies and clinical trials with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

关键词： cancer treatment CD47-SIRPαaxis Hodgkin lymphoma Immunotherapy Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 358-366页

作者： Xinrui Dong Ye Li Xiaonan Sheng Weihang Zhou Aijun Sun Huijuan Dai Department of Breast Surgery Renji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200127China Department of Thyroid and Breast Oncological Surgery Xuzhou Medical College Affiliated Huaian HospitalHuai'anJiangsu 223001China

Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent excessive lipid peroxidation.The core organelle involved in ferroptosis is mitochondria.Mito-chondria undergoing ferroptosis are distinct from normal mitochondria in terms of morphology,biochemistry,gene expression,and energy metabolism.An increasing number of studies have shown that mitochondria and their associated metabolic pathways mediate ferroptosis in the development and progression of breast cancer.In this review,we discuss the relevant research about ferroptosis in breast cancer and provide a comprehensive summary of mitochondrial regulation in ferroptosis from the perspective of lipid metabolism,oxidative phosphorylation,ion metabolism,glycometabolism,and nucleotide metabolism.We also summarize the appli-cation of mitochondrial metabolism-related pathways as ferroptosis treatment targets.Here we provide new insights into the relationship between mitochondria,ferroptosis,and breast cancertreatment.

关键词： Breast cancer cancer treatment Ferroptosis Lipid metabolism Mitochondria Oxidative phosphorylation

Two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第10期33卷 4437-4448页

作者： Jingjing Wu Tingting Hu Guoping Zhao Anran Li Ruizheng Liang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine School of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Orthopedics Guilin People's HospitalGuilin 541002China

For more than a decade,the exfoliation of graphene and other layered materials has led to a tremendous amount of research in two-dimensional(2D)materials,among which 2D transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs)nanomaterials have attracted much attention in a wide range of applications including photoelectric devices,lithium-ion batteries,catalysis,and energy conversion and storage owing to their unique photoelectric physical properties.With such large specific surface area,strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption and abundant chemical element composition,2D TMCs nanomaterials have become good candidates in biomedical imaging and cancer treatment.This review systematically summarizes recent progress on 2D TMCs nanomaterials,which includes their synthesis methods and applications in cancer treatment.At the end of this review,we also highlight the future prospects and challenges of 2D TMCs nanomaterials.It is expected that this work can provide the readers with a detailed overview of the synthesis of 2D TMCs and inspire more novel functional biomaterials based on 2D TMCs for cancer treatment in the future.

关键词： Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials Transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs) Synthesis method Biomedical imaging cancer treatment

Emerging delivery systems based on aqueous two-phase systems:A review

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 110-132页

作者： Yaowen Zhang Yankun Luo Jingqi Zhao Wenzhuo Zheng Jun Zhan Huaping Zheng Feng Luo State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041China Department of Dermatology Rare Diseases CenterInstitutes for Systems GeneticsFrontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Prosthodontics West China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

The aqueous two-phase system(ATPS)is an all-aqueous system fabricated from two immiscible aqueous phases.It is spontaneously assembled through physical liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)and can create suitable templates like the multicompartment of the intracellular environment.Delicate structures containing multiple compartments make it possible to endow materials with advanced functions.Due to the properties of ATPSs,ATPS-based drug delivery systems exhibit excellent biocompatibility,extraordinary loading efficiency,and intelligently controlled content release,which are particularly advantageous for delivering drugs in vivo.Therefore,we will systematically review and evaluate ATPSs as an ideal drug delivery system.Based on the basic mechanisms and influencing factors in forming ATPSs,the transformation of ATPSs into valuable biomaterials is described.Afterward,we concentrate on the most recent cutting-edge research on ATPS-based delivery systems.Finally,the potential for further collaborations between ATPS-based drug-carrying biomaterials and disease diagnosis and treatment is also explored.

关键词： Aqueous two-phase systems Drug delivery systems Biomaterials Microcapsules Microparticles Cell therapy cancer treatment Organ regeneration

Ce6 nanoassemblies:Molecular mechanism and strategies for combinational anticancer therapy Special Collection:Aggregation-Induced Processes and Functions

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 130-147页

作者： Yuwei Liu Shuting Xu Qingyang Lyu Yi Huang Weiping Wang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine Dr.Li Dak-Sum Research CentreThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Nowadays,cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide,driving the need for effective therapeutics to improve patient prognosis.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been widely applied as an antitumor modality,owing to its minimal invasiveness,localized tumor damage,and high safety profile.However,its efficacy is limited by poor stability of photosensitizers,inadequate tumor accumulation,and a complex tumor microenvironment.To overcome these challenges,extensive endeavors have been made to explore the co-assembly of the widely used photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)with various functional small molecules to enhance pharmacodynamic activity.This review provides a comprehensive overview of current studies on Ce6-based nanoparticles for effective PDT and precise delivery of functional molecules.The self-assembly mechanism will be discussed in detail,with a focus on potential strategies for combinational therapy with PDT.

关键词： cancer treatment carrier-free chlorin e6(Ce6) light nanomedicine photodynamic therapy(PDT) selfassembly