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Comparing children＇s Homo sapiens and chimpanzees＇ Pan troglodytes quantity judgments of sequentially presented sets of items

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 419-420,421-428页

作者： Michael J. BERAN Julie S. JOHNSON-PYNN Christopher READY Language Research Center Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30302 USA Department of Psychology Berry College Mount Berry GA 30149 USA

We presented a quantity judgment task that involved comparing two sequentially presented sets of items to preschoolers and chimpanzees using nearly identical procedures that excluded verbal instructions to children. Trial difficulty in this task reflected the ratio difference between sets of discrete items where larger ratios （e.g., 0.80 as from comparing 4 to 5） were more difficult than smaller ones （e.g., 0.50 as from comparing 4 to 8）. children also completed verbal-based tasks probing the relationskip between counting proficiency and performance on the quantity judgment task of sequentially presented identical sized items. Both species＇ performance was best when ratios between comparison sets were small regardless of set size in all types of tasks. Generally, chimpanzees and older children performed better than younger children except at larger ratios. children＇s counting proficiency was not related to success in choosing the larger of two quantities of identical-sized items. These results indicate that chimpanzees and children share an approximate number sense that is reflected through analog magnitude estimation when comparing quantities [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 419-428, 2011].

关键词： Numerical cognition Quantity judgments children Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes

2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents

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Science Bulletin 2018年第23期63卷 1558-1564页

作者： Cheng Wang Yaqi Li Ying Liao Hong Tian Min Huang Xiangyu Dong Lin Shi Jinghui Sun Hongfang Jin Junbao Du Jindou An Jie Chen Mingwu Chen Qi Chen Sun Chen Yonghong Chen Zhi Chen Adolphus Kai-tung Chau Junbao Du Zhongdong Du Junkai Duan Hongyu Duan Xiangyu Dong Lin Feng Lijun Fu Fangqi Gong Yonghao Gui Ling Han Zhenhui Han Bing He Zhixu He Xiufen Hu Yimin Hua Guoying Huang Min Huang Ping Huang Yujuan Huang Hongfang Jin Mei Jin Bo Li Fen Li Tao Li Xiaohui Li Xiaoyan Liu Yan Li Haitao Lv Tiewei Lv Zipu Li Luyi Ma Silin Pan Yusheng Pang Hua Peng Yuming Qin Jie Shen Lin Shi Kun Sun Jinghui Sun Hong Tian Jie Tian Cheng Wang Hong Wang Lei Wang Jinju Wang Wendi Wang Yuli Wang Rongzhou Wu Tianhe Xia Yanyan Xiao Chunhong Xie Yanlin Xing Zhenyu Xiong Baoyuan Xu Yi Xu Hui Yan Shiwei Yang Qijian Yi Xia Yu Xianyi Yu Yue Yuan Hongyan Zhang Huili Zhang Li Zhang Qingyou Zhang Xi Zhang Yanmin Zhang Zhiwei Zhang Cuifen Zhao Bin Zhou Hua Zhu Department of Pediatric Cardiovasoloy Children's Medical CenterThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410071China Department of Pediatrics Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China Department of Pediatric Cardiology Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China Department of Pediatric Cardiology Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai 207102China of Pediatrics the 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China Department of Pediatric Cardiology Capital Institute of PediatricsBezjing 100020China Department of Pediatrics Jilin University First HospitalChangchun 130021China Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society Chinese Pediatric Society(CPCS)Chinese Medical Association(CMA)China Committee on Pediatric Syncope Pediatricians BranchChinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)China Pediatric Cardiology Society Beijing Pediatric SocietyBeijing Medical Association(BMA)China Committee on Pediatric Cardiology Chinese College of Cardiovascular PhysiciansChinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)China

Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department *** syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.

关键词： CPCS children Adolescent syncope

Modeled exposure to phthalates via inhalation and dermal pathway in children's sleeping environment: A preliminary study and its implications

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Building Simulation 2021年第6期14卷 1785-1794页

作者： Zhongming Bu Cong Dong Daniel Mmereki Yanghui Ye Zhu Cheng Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandParktown Education Campus2193 JohannesburgSouth Africa College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

In this study,exposure to phthalates during children’s sleeping time was evaluated based on a mechanistic *** phase-specific concentrations in this model were estimated taking into account kinetic partitioning,particle dynamics and time-varying *** pathways considered were inhalation exposure to airborne phases,dermal absorption from "air-to-skin" transport and direct *** taking di(n-butyl)phthalate(DnBP)and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)as two representative pollutants,inhalation exposure accounted for>90%when children wore clean pajamas before going to *** uptake significantly increased when children's pajamas had absorbed DnBP before putting them on,whereas dermal uptake of DEHP was relatively lower and insensitive to the condition of *** air exchange rate at night and keeping clothes cleaner were effective for reducing children's exposures during sleeping *** studies are necessary taking into account source-proximity effect,particle emissions and refined dermal exposure routes.

关键词： indoor air phthalates exposure children sleeping environment

Improved symptoms following bumetanide treatment in children aged 3-6 years with autism spectrum disorder:a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

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Science Bulletin 2021年第15期66卷 1591-1598,M0004页

作者： Yuan Dai Lingli Zhang Juehua Yu Xin Zhou Hua He Yiting Ji Kai Wang Xiujuan Du Xin Liu Yun Tang Shining Deng Christelle Langley Wei-Guang Li Jun Zhang Jianfeng Feng Barbara J.Sahakian Qiang Luo Fei Li Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric&Child Primary Care Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental HealthXinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Centre for Experimental Studies and Research The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650032China Clinical Research Unit Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China The School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of CambridgeCambridge CB21TNUK Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Research and Research Institute of Intelligent Complex SystemsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain Science and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

With the current limited drug therapy for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),we herein report a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy,safety,and potential neural mechanism of bumetanide in children with ASD aged 3-6 years old.A total of 120 children were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to either 0.5 mg bumetanide or *** the final sample,119 children received at least one dose of bumetanide(59 children) or placebo(60 children) were included in the final *** primary outcome was a reduction in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS) score,and the secondary outcomes were the Clinical Global Impressions Scale(CGI)-Global Improvement(CGI-I) score at 3 months and the change from baseline to 3-month in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(ADOS).Magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) was used to measure y-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and glutamate neurotransmitter concentrations in the insular cortex(IC) before and after the *** compared with the placebo,bumetanide treatment was significantly better in reducing the *** patient withdrew from the trial due to adverse *** superiority of bumetanide to placebo in reducing insular GABA,measured using MRS,was *** clinical improvement was associated with a decrease in insular GABA in the bumetanide *** conclusion,this trial in a large group of young children with predominantly moderate and severe ASD demonstrated that bumetanide is safe and effective in improving the core symptoms of ***,the clinical significance remains uncertain,and future multi-center clinical trials are required to replicate these findings and confirm the clinical significance using a variety of outcome measures.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder children RCT Bumetanide GABA

children with abnormal DMSA nuclear scan present a higher risk of recurrent febrile urinary tract infections

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期15卷 204-205页

作者： Luke Harper Yan Lefevre Xavier Delforge David Bourquard Cyril Ferdynus Department of Pediatric Surgery CHU de La ReunionLa ReunionFrance Department of Pediatric Surgery CHU Pellegrin-EnfantsBordeauxFrance Department of Pediatric Surgery CHU de La ReunionLa ReunionFrance Methodological Support Unit CHU de La ReunionLa ReunionFrance

The ideal management of a child presenting a first episode of febrile urinary tract infection is still under *** the recent guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections (UTI) in children,the American Association of Pediatrics recommend performing a post-UTI sonography,and if there are abnormal findings,a voiding cystourethrogram [1].This change derives from the understanding that we should be avoiding renal damage rather more than diagnosing reflux,since both surgery and antibiotic prophylaxis are progressively being abandoned for most cases of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) [2,3].The most significant event which will bring a child to active management is recurrence of UTI [4,5].It seems therefore more clinically relevant to differentiate between children who will suffer recurrent episodes of UTI and those who will not,rather than to simply identify which children have *** therefore aimed to evaluate if DMSA nuclear scan could reliably identify which children were at risk of presenting a second febrile UTI.

关键词： children abnormal DMSA

children education for sustainable control of liverfluke infections

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 90-93页

作者： Men‑Bao Qian Xiao‑Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)ShanghaiChina NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology ShanghaiChina WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases ShanghaiChina National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases ShanghaiChina School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Significant disease burden is caused by infections with human liver flukes, includingClonorchis sinensis,Opisthorchis viverrini andO. felineus. Epidemiology is characterized by high burden in the male than the female, and in the elder than the younger. Chemotherapy is the mainstream for morbidity control, but it could not prevent re-infection. Mean-while, behavioral change on the dietary habit of ingesting raw freshwater fish is challenging. In this opinion, we argue why it is important to educate children for sustainable control of liver fluke infections. Then, the design, development and key messages of an educational cartoon for preventing liver fluke infections is introduced. Technical focuses are emphasized based on a pilot using the education cartoon for preventing clonorchiasis in China. Finally, how to further develop and verify this education strategy is discussed.

关键词： Liver fluke Education children Cartoon

Psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with chronic urticaria

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第4期19卷 315-322页

作者： George N.Konstantinou Gerasimos N.Konstantinou Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 424 General Military Training HospitalThessaloníkiGreece Department of Psychiatry University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Center for Addiction and Mental Health(CAMH) TorontoONCanada

Background Chronic urticaria(CU)has been shown to impact patients'quality of life negatively and may coexist with psychiatric *** systematically reviewed the published evidence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with *** A systematic review of studies published until February 2022 in PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus was *** a priori set of inclusion criteria was predefined for the studies to be included:(1)clear distinction between urticaria and other allergies;(2)precise distinction between acute and CU;(3)participants younger than 18 years old,exclusively;(4)use of appropriate standardized questionnaires,psychometric tools,and standard diagnostic nomenclature for the mental health and behavioral disorders diagnosis;and(5)manuscripts written or published in the English *** Our search identified 582 potentially relevant *** eight of them satisfied the inclusion ***-tive meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate,given the lack of relevant randomized control trials,the small number of relevant shortlisted,the small sample size of the patients included in each study,and the remarkable heterogeneity of the studies'*** The included studies suggest an increased incidence of psychopathology among children and adolescents with CU as opposed to healthy age-matched individuals,but the data are *** research is required to clarify whether psychopathology is just a comorbid entity,the cause,or the consequence of *** an interdisciplinary collaboration between allergists/dermatologists and psychiatrists is expected to substantially minimize CU burden and improve patients'quality of life.

关键词： Adolescents children Chronic urticaria Psychiatry Psychopathology Quality of life

Validity and Reliability of the Wristband Activity Monitor in Free-living children Aged 10-17 Years

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第11期32卷 812-822页

作者： YANG Xi JAGO Russell ZHANG Qian WANG Yu Ying ZHANG Jian ZHAO Wen Hua National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206China Center for Exercise Nutrition and Health SciencesSchool for Policy StudiesUniversity of BristolBristolBS81 TZUK

Objective In this study we aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the wristband activity monitor against the accelerometer for *** A total of 99 children(mean age = 13.0 ± 2.5 y) wore the two monitors in a free-living context for 7 days. Reliability was measured by intraclass correlation to evaluate consistency over ***-measures analyses of variance was used to detect differences across days. Spearman’s correlation coefficient(rho), median of absolute percentage error, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed to assess the validity of the wristband against the Acti Graph accelerometer. The optimal number of repeated measures for the wristband was calculated by using the Spearman-Brown prophecy *** The wristband had high reliability for all variables, although physical activity data were different across 7 days. A strong correlation for steps(rho: 0.72, P children’s physical activity, providing a feasible objective method of physical activity surveillance in children.

关键词： Physical activity Measurement children Wristband activity monitor

Clinical features and management of postural tachycardia syndrome in children： a single-center experience

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第21期127卷 3684-3689页

作者： Li Jiawei Zhang Qingyou Hao Hongjun Jin Hongfang Du Junbao Department of Pediatrics Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 China Department of Neurology Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 China

Background The incidence of postural tachycardia syndrome （POTS） has been increasing in children and adolescents,while clinical characteristics of POTS in the pediatric population are not fully *** An observational study was performed in 150 pediatric patients aged between 5 and 18 years who underwent head-up tilt test （HUTT） with the diagnosis of POTS at Peking University First Hospital from March 2008 to August *** data,clinical presentation,autonomic parameters,laboratory findings,and treatments were *** POTS in children commonly occurred in the age of 7-14 *** （84.00％） was the most common symptom,followed by weakness （72.00％） and orthostatic syncope （62.67％）.Positive family history of orthostatic intolerance （Ol） was found in 24.64％ of children with *** 33.09％ of them had preceding infection history as precipitating *** percent of them suffered from orthostatic *** status was documented in 51.28％ of 39 patients who were tested for the standing norepinephrine *** than half of POTS patients,with 24-hour urinary sodium level ＜124 mmol/24 hours,were suitable for treatment of salt *** least 25.74％ of POTS patients were of positive acetylcholine receptor （AChR） *** iron storage in children with POTS was relatively *** patients responded well to treatments,43.51％ of patients recovered,while 7.63％ of them had relapse after symptoms *** POTS is a relatively common condition with complex pathophysiology and heterogeneous clinical manifestation.A comprehensive therapeutic regimen is recommended for the treatment.

关键词： postural tachycardia syndrome children orthostatic intolerance