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Evaluating the biosignature potential of ammonium in Proterozoic red beds and implications for the search for life on Mars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第6期8卷 836-853页

作者： Eva E.Stüeken Philip Fralick Stephen Hillier Anthony R.Prave School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY169TSUK Department of Geology Lakehead UniversityThunder BayON P7B 5E1Canada The James Hutton Institute CraigiebucklerAberdeenAB158QHUK Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences(SLU)SE-75007 UppsalaSweden

Over the past two decades,it has become increasingly apparent that early Mars may once have been warmer,wetter and more habitable for microbial life than it is today,which has spurred discussions about potential biosignatures that may be preserved in Martian *** impediment to this line of research is the pervasive oxidation of Mars’surface due to photochemical oxidants that have likely destroyed remnants of organic ***,we investigate whether nitrogen(N)transferred from biomass to phyllosilicate minerals during diagenesis can be preserved in oxidized *** investigate two sequences of terrestrial Proterozoic red beds,namely the Sibley Group(1.4 Ga)in Canada and the Stoer Group(1.2 Ga)in Scotland,and we find enrichments in authigenic N in the range of several tens of ppm in both *** highest concentrations(ca.100 ppm on average)are found in the most desiccated red beds of the Stoer Group,concurrent with enrichments in potassium(K).We discuss similarities and differences between the two sets of rocks with regards to salinity,pH,biological productivity and K-metasomatism,and we conclude that the ideal mechanism for the preservation of biogenic N in red beds may be in-situ release of ammonium from microbial mats into the clay substrate,possibly facilitated by early diagenetic,biologically induced *** and smectite have been observed on Mars,and experiments suggest that Martian waters contained moderate amounts of dissolved ***,it is conceivable that a similar K and N enrichment process could have occurred as to what we document for the Proterozoic,preserving evidence of life that may have survived to the modern day.

关键词： red beds biosignature Mars nitrogen ammonium clay minerals

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Detection of biosignatures in Terrestrial analogs of Martian regions:Strategical and technical assessments

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第5期6卷 431-450页

作者： JianXun Shen Yan Chen Yu Sun Li Liu YongXin Pan Wei Lin Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

For decades, the search for potential signs of Martian life has attracted strong international interest and has led to significant planning and scientific implementation. Clearly, in order to detect potential life signals beyond Earth, fundamental questions, such as how to define such terms as “life” and “biosignature”, have been given considerable attention. Due to the high costs of direct exploration of Mars, Mars-like regions on Earth have been invaluable targets for astrobiological research, places where scientists could practice the search for “biosignatures” and refine ways to detect them. This review summarizes scientific instrumental techniques that have resulted from this work. Instruments must necessarily be our “eyes” and “hands” as we attempt to identify and quantify biosignatures on *** devices that can be applied in astrobiology include mass spectrometers and electromagnetic-spectrum-based spectrometers,redox potential indicators, circular dichroism polarimeters, in situ nucleic acid sequencers, life isolation/cultivation systems, and *** devices and how to interpret the data they collect have been tested in Mars-analog extreme environments on Earth to validate their practicality on Mars. To anticipate the challenges of instrumental detection of biosignatures through the full evolutionary history of Mars, Terrestrial Mars analogs are divided into four major categories according to their similarities to different Martian geological periods(the Early-Middle Noachian Period, the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian Period, the Late Hesperian-Early Amazonian Period, and the Middle-Late Amazonian Period). Future missions are suggested that would focus more intensively on Mars’ Southern Hemisphere, once landing issues there are solved by advances in spacecraft engineering, since exploration of these early terrains will permit investigations covering a wider continuum of the shifting habitability of Mars through its geological history. Finally,

关键词： biosignature detection framework extraterrestrial life evolutionary history of Mars field trial instrument Mars analog

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A new semi-quantitative Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) method for detection of maleimide (2,5-pyrroledione) with potential application to astrobiology

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 421-426页

作者： J.Aramendia L.Gomez-Nubla M.L.Tuite K.H.Williford K.Castro J.M.Madariaga Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrPasadenaCA 91109United States Department of Analytical Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUP.O.Box 64448080 BilbaoSpain

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are fundamental biochemical components of all life on Earth and,presumably,life elsewhere in our solar *** and characterization of these compounds by traditional solvent extraction,chromatographic separation,and GC-MS analysis require more sample mass than will be available from samples returned to Earth from *** its small sample mass requirement,Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy could be an appropriate technique for analysis of returned *** have developed a SERS method for the detection of maleimide(2,5-pyrroledione),an N-containing heterocycle with a structure that is widespread in *** semi-quantitative methodology accurately determines maleimide concentration in the range from 60 mg/mL to 120 mg/*** present a maleimide SERS standard spectrum which will be useful as a reference for future *** present work demonstrates an easy,accurate,and effective method for the non-destructive qualitative and semi-quantitative study of maleimide as a first step toward developing a method for analysis of related compounds.

关键词： Maleimide Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Astrobiology biosignature Extraterrestrial life

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Precipitation of High Mg-Calcite and Protodolomite Using Dead Biomass of Aerobic Halophilic Bacteria

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第2期34卷 456-466页

作者： Qigao Fan Deng Liu Dominic Papineau Xuan Qiu Hongmei Wang Zhenbing She Linduo Zhao State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London and Birkbeck College LondonLondon 17-19UK Department of Earth Sciences University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Planetary Sciences University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Illinois Sustainable Technology Center Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaign 61820USA

The microbial dolomite model has been used to interpret the origin of sedimentary *** this model,the formation of low-temperature protodolomite,an important precursor to sedimentary dolomite,can be facilitated either by actively metabolizing cells of anaerobic microbes and aerobic halophilic archaea or by their inactive *** halophilic bacteria are widely distributed in(proto-)dolomite-depositing evaporitic environments and their biomass might serve as a template for the crystallization of *** test this hypothesis,carbonation experiments were conducted using dead biomass of an aerobic halophilic bacterium(Exiguobacterium *** JBHLT-3).Our results show that dead biomass of JBHLT-3 can accelerate Mg2+uptake in carbonate mineral *** addition,the amount of Mg incorporated into Ca-Mg carbonates is proportional to the concentration of *** Mg-calcite is produced with 0.25 or 0.5 g/L biomass,whereas protodolomite forms with 1 g/L *** is confirmed by the main Raman peak of Ca-Mg carbonates,which shifts towards higher wavenumbers with increased Mg *** cells and their imprints are preserved on the surface of high Mg-calcite and ***,this study furthers our understanding of the dolomitization within buried and dead microbial mats,which provides useful insights into the origin of ancient dolomite.

关键词： protodolomite high Mg-calcite Mg-hydration effect microbial dead biomass biosignature paleobiology

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Simultaneous characterization of the atmospheres,surfaces,and exomoons of nearby rocky exoplanets

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第3期2卷 247-256页

作者： WenLiang Cui JinSu Zhang Frederic Schmidt Duo Cui XiaoMeng Huang Tong Li Feng Tian Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department for Earth System ScienceTsinghua University Department of Physics Tsinghua University GEOPS Univ.Paris-SudCNRSUniversité Paris-Saclay

Atmospheric composition is an important indicator of habitability and *** presence or absence of a large exomoon around an Earth-size exoplanet could have important consequences for planet climate *** the detection of exomoons and retrieval of information regarding atmospheric composition of Earth-size exoplanets are important goals of future exoplanet *** a data analysis method is developed to achieve both goals simultaneously,based on reflection spectra of exoplanet-exomoon *** show that the existence of exomoons,the size of exomoons,and the concentrations of some atomic and molecular species in the atmospheres of their hosting Earth-like exoplanets can be retrieved with high levels of *** addition,the method can provide well-constrained fractions of basic surface types on the targets because of the characteristic spectral features of atmospheric species and surface types in the analyzed spectral range.

关键词： exoplanet biosignature exomoon

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Intracellular biomineralization in bacteria

Intracellular biomineralization in bacteria

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者： Wei Lin Karim Benzerara Damien Faivre Yongxin Pan Biogeomagnetism Group Paleomagnetism and Geochronology LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary PhysicsInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces

Microorganisms have populated the Earth for billions of years and their activities are important forces shaping our planetary environments through biogeochemical *** particular,microbial biomineralization that selectively take up environmental elements and deposit minerals either intracellularly or extracellularly is of great interest,because these processes play vital roles in the global cycles of numerous elements,such as Fe,Mn,Ca,As,O,S,and P,***,the products of

关键词： microbial biomineralization magnetotactic bacteria magnetosome magnetotaxis iron cycling biosignature ancient environment

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