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Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 168-176页

作者： Luyang Xu Xiancheng Yu Clement DFavier Ibidumo Igah Thuy-Tien Nguyen Warren Macdonald Anthony MJ.Bull Centre for Blast Injury Studies Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom

Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated amputations.However,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain unclear.Animal models are used to study blast-induced HO,but developing such models is challenging,particularly in how to use a pure blast wave(primary blast)to induce limb fracture that then requires an amputation.Several studies,including our recent study,have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact loading.However,these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the model.In this study,we developed an improved platform,aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast only.The platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's body.We obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia(location and pattern)in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and weight.Importantly,the rats did not obviously move during the test,where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled injury.We further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the platform.These factors,such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed,significantly affect the resulting injury.This platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave,which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone,excluding secondary and tertiary blast injury.In addition,the platform design and the findings presented here,particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal,have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries,such as blast induced brain and lung injuries.

关键词： Blast injury biomechanics Heterotopic ossification Limb fracture Blast wave Animal model

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Differences between lower extremity joint running kinetics captured by marker-based and markerless systems were speed dependent

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 569-578页

作者： Hui Tang Barry Munkasy Li Li Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology Georgia Southern UniversityStatesboroGA 30458USA Department of Kinesiology and Health Education University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

Background:The development of computer vision technology has enabled the use of markerless movement tracking for biomechanical analysis.Recent research has reported the feasibility of markerless systems in motion analysis but has yet to fully explore their utility for capturing faster movements,such as running.Applied studies using markerless systems in clinical and sports settings are still lacking.Thus,the present study compared running biomechanics estimated by marker-based and markerless systems.Given running speed not only affects sports performance but is also associated with clinical injury prevention,diagnosis,and rehabilitation,we aimed to investigate the effects of speed on the comparison of estimated lower extremity joint moments and powers between markerless and marker-based technologies during treadmill running as a concurrent validating study.Methods:Kinematic data from marker-based/markerless technologies were collected,along with ground reaction force data,from 16 young adults running on an instrumented treadmill at 3 speeds:2.24 m/s,2.91 m/s,and 3.58 m/s(5.0 miles/h,6.5 miles/h,and 8.0 miles/h).Sagittal plane moments and powers of the hip,knee,and ankle were calculated by inverse dynamic methods.Time series analysis and statistical parametric mapping were used to determine system differences.Results:Compared to the marker-based system,the markerless system estimated increased lower extremity joint kinetics with faster speed during the swing phase in most cases.Conclusion:Despite the promising application of markerless technology in clinical settings,systematic markerless overestimation requires focused attention.Based on segment pose estimations,the centers of mass estimated by markerless technologies were farther away from the relevant distal joint centers,which led to greater joint moments and powers estimates by markerless vs.marker-based systems.The differences were amplified by running speed.

关键词： biomechanics Motion capture Gait Statistical parametric mapping

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Effects of Custom-made Insoles on Plantar biomechanics and Upper Extremity Muscle Performance

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Current Medical Science 2022年第1期42卷 159-168页

作者： Yi XU Qing-hua HOU Xiu-lan HAN Chu-huai WANG Dong-feng HUANG Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the 7th Affiliated HospitalSun-Yat Sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation Guangzhou 510080China Clinical Neuroscience Center The 7th Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The 1st Affiliated HospitalSun-Yat Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of molding custom-made insoles for female patients with foot pain.Methods:The study included 20 patients whose insoles were prescribed according to biomechanical evaluations ... 详细信息

关键词： shoes insole therapeutics biomechanics foot pain

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Lateral femoral tunnel preparation and graft fixation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction–A discussion

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 3277-3280页

作者： Mehak Chandanani Andrea Volpin School of Medicine Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB252ZDUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics National Health Service GrampianElgin IV301SNUnited Kingdom

This article provides a discussion and commentary around the recent advances in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR),with a focus on the aspects of lateral femoral tunnel preparation and graft fixation techniques.The paper explores and comments on a recently published review by Dai et al,titled"Research progress on preparation of lateral femoral tunnel and graft fixation in ACLR",while providing insight into its relevance within the field of ACLR,and recommendations for future research.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Arthroscopic surgery Lateral femoral tunnel Graft fixation techniques Anterior cruciate ligament tear biomechanics Knee injuries

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Corneal and scleral biomechanics in ophthalmic diseases: An updated review

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2022年第3期15卷 65-71页

作者： Yan Wang Huazheng Cao Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina Tianjin Eye Hospital Tianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceNankai University Affiliated Eye HospitalTianjinChina Clinical Callege of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Eye HospitalTianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Key Laboratory 0 Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceNankai UniversityAfiliated Eye Hospital No 4.Gansu RoadHe-ping DistrictTianjin300020China.

Corneal and scleral biomechanical properties have important implications in the maintenance of normal ocular morphology and function.The cornea and sclera compose the outermost layer of the eyeball,forming a sphere with a certain degree of intraocular pressure,and are therefore under dynamic loading conditions.Recently,several major ophthalmic conditions have been shown to be linked to corneal and scleral biomechanical properties,such as ametropia,corneal pathologies,ocular surface disease,and glaucoma.A profound understanding of corneal and scleral biomechanics is essential to clarifying disease pathogenesis,improving diagnostic ability,and developing treatment strategies.This review aims to highlight the role of corneal and scleral biomechanics in ophthalmology and its clinical translation.Specifically,advances and prospects in corneal and scleral biomechanics and possible associated diseases are addressed.

关键词： Cornea Sclera biomechanics Myopia Glaucoma Intraocular pressure

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The interaction effects of rocker angle and apex location in rocker shoe design on foot biomechanics and Achilles tendon loading

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2022年第1期13卷 96-101页

作者： Tony Lin-Wei Chen Duo Wai-Chi Wong Yinghu Peng Yan Wang Ivy Kwan-Kei Wong Tsz-Kit Lam Wing-Kai Lam Ming Zhang Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute ShenzhenChina Li Ning Sports Science Research Center Li Ning(China)Sports Goods Co.LtdBeijingChina Department of Kinesiology Shenyang Sports InstituteShenyangChina

The influences of rocker shoes on foot biomechanics were controversial because the interaction between two design factors—rocker angle and apex location,was usually omitted.This study investigated the interaction effects of rocker angle and apex location on plantar foot pressure,metatarsophalangeal/ankle angle,and Achilles tendon force during walking.Ten participants performed walking trials under six rocker shoe conditions:2 rocker angles(mild and severe)×3 apex locations(distal,standard,and proximal),wherein the plantar foot pressure was measured and the movement data were processed by musculoskeletal modeling to report joint angle and Achilles tendon force.A two-way ANOVA repeated measures was used for statistics.Significant interaction effects were reported in examinations of forefoot pressure,midfoot pressure,and metatarsophalangeal dorsiflexion.The standard apex significantly reduced peak forefoot and midfoot pressures(p=0.008–0.034,Hedges'g=0.75–0.84),which was further decreased by a severe rocker angle(p=0.006,Hedges'g=0.51–0.81).Moving the apex proximally reduced Achilles tendon forces(pbiomechanics,yet its interactions with rocker angle should be considered.The configuration of the two features could be varied to possess different therapeutic merits and adapt to specific application purposes.

关键词： Gait Rocker shoe biomechanics Computer simulation Plantar pressure

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biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System and Its Biomimetic Implications： A Review

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第2期11卷 159-175页

作者： Lei Ren Zhihui Qian Luquan Ren School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education China) Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China

Biological musculoskeletal system （MSK）, composed of numerous bones, cartilages, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments etc., provides form, support, movement and stability for human or animal body. As the result of million years of selection and evolution, the biological MSK evolves to be a nearly perfect mechanical mechanism to support and transport the human or animal body, and would provide enormously rich resources to inspire engineers to innovate new technology and methodology to develop robots and mechanisms as effective and economical as the biological systems. This paper provides a general review of the current status of musculoskeletal biomechanics studies using both experimental and computational methods. This includes the use of the latest three-dimensional motion analysis systems, various medical imaging modalities, and also the advanced rigid-body and continuum mechanics musculoskeletal modelling techniques. Afterwards, several representative biomimetic studies based on ideas and concepts inspired from the structures and biomechanical functions of the biological MSK are dis- cussed. Finally, the major challenges and also the future research directions in musculoskeletal biomechanics and its biomimetic studies are proposed.

关键词： musculoskeletal system biomechanics multi-scale biomimetics biologically inspired robots and mechanisms

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biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament:Physiology,rupture and reconstruction techniques

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第2期7卷 82-93页

作者： Christoph Domnick Michael J Raschke Mirco Herbort Department of Trauma Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryWestphalian Wilhelms University Muenster

The influences and mechanisms of the physiology,rupture and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)on kinematics and clinical outcomes have been investigated in many biomechanical and clinical studies over the last several decades.The knee is a complex joint with shifting contact points,pressures and axes that are affected when a ligament is injured.The ACL,as one of the intra-articular ligaments,has a strong influence on the resulting kinematics.Often,other meniscal or ligamentous injuries accompany ACL ruptures and further deteriorate the resulting kinematics and clinical outcomes.Knowing the surgical options,anatomic relations and current evidence to restore ACL function and considering the influence of concomitant injuries on resulting kinematics to restore full function can together help to achieve an optimal outcome.

关键词： biomechanics anterior cruciate ligament joint pressure anterior cruciate ligament rupture graft fixation anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

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biomechanics of whiplash injury

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2009年第5期12卷 -页

作者： CHEN Hai-bin King H YANG WANG Zheng-guo Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400042 China Bioengineering Center Wayne State University 818 W. Hancock Detroit MI 48201 USA

Despite a large number of rear-end collisions on the road and a high frequency of whiplash injuries reported, the mechanism of whiplash injuries is not completely understood. One of the reasons is that the injury is not necessarily accompanied by obvious tissue damage detectable by X-ray or MRI. An extensive series of biomechanics studies, including injury epidemiology, neck kinematics,facet capsule ligament mechanics, injury mechanisms and injury criteria, were undertaken to help elucidate these whiplash injury mechanisms and gain a better understanding of cervical facet pain. These studies provide the following evidences to help explain the mechanisms of the whiplash injury: (1) Whiplash injuries are generally considered to be a soft tissue injury of the neck with symptoms such as neck pain and stiffness, shoulder weakness, dizziness, headache and memory loss, etc. (2) Based on kinematical studies on the cadaver and volunteers, there are three distinct periods that have the potential to cause injury to the neck. In the first stage, flexural deformation of the neck is observed along with a loss of cervical lordosis; in the second stage, the cervical spine assumes an S-shaped curve as the lower vertebrae begin to extend and gradually cause the upper vertebrae to extend; during the final stage, the entire neck is extended due to the extension moments at both ends. (3)The in vivo environment afforded by rodent models of injury offers particular utility for linking mechanics, nociception and behavioral outcomes. Experimental findings have examined strains across the facet joint as a mechanism of whiplash injury, and suggested a capsular strain threshold or a vertebral distraction threshold for whiplash-related injury,potentially producing neck pain. (4) Injuries to the facet capsule region of the neck are a major source of post-crash pain. There are several hypotheses on how whiplash-associated injury may occur and three of these injuries are related to strains within the facet capsule connected with events early in

关键词： Whiplash injuries Pain biomechanics Neck Zygapophysel joint

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biomechanics of the sclera and effects on intraocular pressure

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第12期9卷 1824-1831页

作者： Xu Jia Juan Yu Sheng-Hui Liao Xuan-Chu Duan Department of Ophthalmology the Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China Department of Ophthalmology the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China School of Information Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China

Accumulating evidence indicates that glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells （RGC）, resulting in gradual and progressive permanent loss of vision. Reducing intraocular pressure （IOP） remains the only proven method for preventing and delaying the progression of glaucomatous visual impairment. However, the specific role of IOP in optic nerve injury remains controversial, and little is known about the biomechanical mechanism by which elevated IOP leads to the loss of RGC. Published studies suggest that the biomechanical properties of the sclera and scleral lamina cribrosa determine the biomechanical changes of optic nerve head, and play an important role in the pathologic process of loss of RGC and optic nerve damage. This review focuses on the current understanding of biomechanics of sclera in glaucoma and provides an overview of the possible interactions between the sclera and IOP. Treatments and interventions aimed at the sclera are also discussed.

关键词： biomechanics glaucoma sclera intraocular pressure finite element models

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