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Global and regional soil organic carbon estimates:Magnitudes and uncertainties

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 685-698页

作者： Ziqi LIN Yongjiu DAI Umakant MISHRA Guocheng WANG Wei SHANGGUAN Wen ZHANG Zhangcai QIN School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Computational Biology&Biophysics Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermore CA 94550USA Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Globally,soil is the largest terrestrial carbon(C)*** quantification of soil organic C(SOC)stocks in existing global observation-based estimates avails accurate predictions in carbon-climate feedbacks and future climate *** investigated the magnitudes and distributions of global and regional SOC estimates(i.e.,density and stocks)based on five widely used global gridded SOC datasets,a regional permafrost dataset developed in 2021(UM2021),and a global-scale soil profile database(World Soil Information Service)reporting measurements of a series of physical and chemical edaphic *** five global gridded SOC datasets were the Harmonized World Soil Database(HWSD),World Inventory of Soil Emission Potentials at 30 arc-second resolution(WISE30sec),Global Soil Dataset for Earth System Models(GSDE),Global Gridded Soil Information at 250-m resolution(SoilGrids250m),and Global Soil Organic Carbon Map(GSOCmap).Our analyses showed that the magnitude and distribution of SOC varied widely among datasets,with certain datasets showing region-specific *** the global scale,SOC stocks at the top 30 and 100 cm were estimated to be 828(range:577–1171)and 1873(range:1086–2678)Pg C,*** estimates from GSDE,GSOCmap,and WISE30sec were comparable,and those of SoilGrids250m and HWSD were at the upper and lower *** spatial SOC distribution varied greatly among datasets,especially in the northern circumpolar and Tibetan Plateau permafrost ***,UM2021 and WISE30sec performed well in the northern circumpolar permafrost regions,and GSDE performed well in *** estimates of SOC by different datasets also showed large variabilities across different soil layers and *** discrepancies were generally smaller for the 0–30 cm soil than the 0–100 cm *** datasets demonstrated relatively higher agreement in grasslands,croplands,and shrublands/savannas than in other biomes(e.g.,wetlands).The users should be mindful of the gaps b

关键词： biome carbon cycle Earth System Models permafrost region soil dataset soil map

Material Engineering in Gut Microbiome and Human Health

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Research 2022年第3期2022卷 145-176页

作者： Letao Yang Lin Y.Hung Yuefei Zhu Suwan Ding Kara G.Margolis Kam W.Leong Department of biomedical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Pediatrics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Systems Biology Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome’s role in human ***,however,a comprehensive and focused review marrying the two distinct fields of gut microbiome and material research is *** bridge the gap,the current paper discusses critical aspects of the rapidly emerging research topic of“material engineering in the gut microbiome and human health.”By engaging scientists with diverse backgrounds in biomaterials,gut-microbiome axis,neuroscience,synthetic biology,tissue engineering,and biosensing in a dialogue,our goal is to accelerate the development of research tools for gut microbiome research and the development of therapeutics that target the gut *** this purpose,state-of-the-art knowledge is presented here on biomaterial technologies that facilitate the study,analysis,and manipulation of the gut microbiome,including intestinal organoids,gut-on-chip models,hydrogels for spatial mapping of gut microbiome compositions,microbiome biosensors,and oral bacteria delivery *** addition,a discussion is provided regarding the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the critical roles that biomaterials can play to investigate and regulate the ***,perspectives are provided regarding future directions on how to develop and use novel biomaterials in gut microbiome research,as well as essential regulatory rules in clinical *** this way,we hope to inspire research into future biomaterial technologies to advance gut microbiome research and gut microbiome-based theragnostics.

关键词： biomaterials directions biome

Seven facts and five initiatives for gut microbiome research

维普期刊数据库评论

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维普期刊数据库

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Protein & Cell 2020年第6期11卷 391-400页

作者： Danyi Li Chunhui Gao Faming Zhang Ruifu Yang Canhui Lan Yonghui Ma Jun Wang Beijing Rexinchang Biotechnology Research Institute Co.Ltd Beijing 100011China Medical Center for Digestive Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210011China Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210011China Division of Microbiotherapy Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing 100071China Centre for Bioethics Medical CollegeXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100101China

The gut microbiome has attracted increasing attention over the past 15 *** with the fast-growing body of research literature and media reports,the public's opinions on the gut microbiome have begun to appear *** believe that the gut microbiome is at the core of human health and is related to every single *** the opposite,some people question the scientific basis of gut microbiome studies and criticize that many of them are farfetched;there is even a joke spreading in the biomedical research field—"keeping gut microbiome in mind,no mechanism is hard to find".

关键词： biome opposite gut

Oral microbiome: possible harbinger for children’s health

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第2期12卷 89-101页

作者： Jin Xiao Kevin A.Fiscella Steven R.Gill Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Family Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Genomics Research Center University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

The human microbiome functions as an intricate and coordinated microbial network,residing throughout the mucosal surfaces of the skin,oral cavity,gastrointestinal tract,respiratory tract,and reproductive *** oral microbiome encompasses a highly diverse microbiota,consisting of over 700 microorganisms,including bacteria,fungi,and *** our understanding of the relationship between the oral microbiome and human health has evolved,we have identified a diverse array of oral and systemic diseases associated with this microbial community,including but not limited to caries,periodontal diseases,oral cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,and inflammatory bowel *** potential predictive relationship between the oral microbiota and these human diseases suggests that the oral cavity is an ideal site for disease diagnosis and development of rapid point-of-care *** oral cavity is easily accessible with a non-invasive collection of biological *** can envision a future where early life salivary diagnostic tools will be used to predict and prevent future disease via analyzing and shaping the infant’s oral *** this review,we present evidence for the establishment of the oral microbiome during early childhood,the capability of using childhood oral microbiome to predict future oral and systemic diseases,and the limitations of the current evidence.

关键词： diagnosis salivary biome

Assembly dynamics of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests: New insights from the dominant Fagaceae trees

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第11期64卷 2126-2134页

作者： Lisi Hai Xiao-Qian Li Jing-Bo Zhang Xiao-Guo Xiang Rui-Qi Li Florian Jabbour Rosa del COrtiz An-Ming Lu Zhi-Duan Chen Wei Wang State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity Institute of Life Science and School of Life SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitédes AntillesParis 75005France Missouri Botanical Garden St.LouisMissouri 63166‐0299USA

The dominant species of a biome can be regarded as its genuine *** broadleaved forests(EBLFs) in subtropical East Asia harbor high levels of species biodiversity and endemism and are vital to regional carbon storage and ***,the historical assembly of this unique biome is still *** is the most essential family in East Asian subtropical EBLFs and its dominant species are vital for the existence of this ***,we used the dominant Fagaceae species to shed light on the dynamic process of East Asian subtropical EBLFs *** results indicate high precipitation in summer and low temperature in winter are the most influential climatic factors for the distribution of East Asian subtropical *** East Asian subtropical EBLFs did not begin to appear until 23 Ma,subsequently experienced a longlasting development in the Miocene and markedly deteriorated at about 4 Ma,driven jointly by orogenesis and *** also document that there is a lag time between when one clade invaded the region and when its members become dominant species within the *** study may improve our ability to predict and mitigate the threats to biodiversity of East Asian subtropical EBLFs and points to a new path for future studies involving multidisciplinary methods to explore the assembly of regional biomes.

关键词： biome climate change dominant species East Asia ecological niche modeling phylogeny

Legacy effects of historical woodland changes on contemporary plant functional composition

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第5期10卷 569-578页

作者： Ji-Zhong Wan Chun-Jing Wang State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias BiologicasPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileCP 8331150SantiagoChile Centro de Cambio Global UC Facultad de Ciencias BiologicasPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileCP 8331150SantiagoChile

Considering the legacy of plant functional composition can help assess ecosystem functions and ecosystem services across different spatial scales under land cover *** plants likely respond to natural and anthropogenic perturbations due to historical events(e.g.,agricultural development),thus contemporary plant functional composition may be explained by historical woodland change,a type of land cover *** propose that historical woodland changes may have legacy effects on contemporary plant functional ***,we used partial least squares regression and linear mixed model analyses to test this assumption by coupling data on community weighted means(CWM)and community weighted variance(CWV)of vegetation plots and calculating the time of woodland existence across different periods from AD 0 to *** found that the legacy effects of historical land cover changes on CWM and CWV during the existence time of woodland,particularly from AD 0 to 900,were drivers of contemporary plant functional composition at large spatial ***,historical woodland changes can affect contemporary plant functional composition,depending on the biome ***,the CWM of plant height,seed mass,and seed length showed the strongest correlations with woodland changes from AD 1910 to 2010 in tropics with year-round rain,and the CWM of leaf traits correlated with woodland changes from AD 0 to 1700 in tropics with summer *** study provides the effective evidence on the legacy of historical woodland changes and the effects on contemporary plant functional composition,which is crucial with respect to effective management of plant diversity and assessing ecosystem functions and services from local to global scales over time.

关键词： biome Community weighted means Global scale Historical woodland Land cover Plant functional trait

Quantitative climatic reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第8期62卷 1269-1278页

作者： Haibin WU Qin LI Yanyan YU Aizhi SUN Yating LIN Wenqi JIANG Yunli LUO Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing100101China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China

Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction is crucial for understanding the operation and evolution of the global climate *** example,a quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Last Glacial Maximum(18±2 ka14C,LGM)is fundamental to understanding the evolution of Earth’s climate during the last glacial-interglacial *** quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in China are generally based on statistical comparison of modern pollen assemblages and modern climate *** methods are based on the premise that vegetation-climate interactions remain the same through time,and implicitly assume that the interactions are independent of changes in seasonality and atmospheric ***,these assumptions may not always be valid,which may affect the ***,we present the results of a quantitative study of the LGM climate of China based on an improved inverse vegetation model which incorporates physiological processes combined with a new China Quaternary Pollen *** results indicate that during the LGM,mean annual temperature(ANNT),mean temperature of the coldest month(MTCO)and mean temperature of the warmest month in China were lower by^5.6±0.8,~11.0±1.6 and^2.6±0.9°C,respectively,compared to today,and that the changes in ANNT were mainly due to the decrease of *** ANNT decrease in southern China was^5.5±0.5°*** annual precipitation was lower by^46.3±17.8 mm compared to today and was especially low in northern China(~51.2±21.4 mm)due to the decrease in summer *** of our results with recent outputs from paleoclimatic modelling reveals that while the latter are broadly consistent with our estimated changes in mean annual climatic parameters,there are substantial differences in the seasonal climatic *** results highlight the crucial importance of developing seasonal simulation on paleoclimatic models,as well as the need to improve the quality of paleoclimatic reconstructions based o

关键词： Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction Inverse vegetation model biome Seasonal climate changes Atmospheric CO2 concentration

Is Mass-based Metabolism Rate Proportional to Surface Area in Plant Leaves? A Data Re-analysis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第6期50卷 673-681页

作者： Dongmei Jin Yiqiang Dai Li Sun Shucun Sun Department of Biology Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Chengdu Institute of Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China

We re-analyzed two large published databases on leaf traits of plant species from seven different biomes, and determined the scaling relationship between leaf metabolism rate （mass-based photosynthesis capacity, Amass, and mass-based dark respiration, Rdmass） and specific leaf area （SLA） across biomes, using a standardized major axis （SMA） method. Overall pooled data produced a scaling exponent of 1.33 for the relationship between Amass and SLA, significantly larger than 1.0; and 1.04 between Rdmass and SLA. The scaling exponent of the relationship between Amass and SLA ranged between 1.23 （in tropical forest） and 1.66 （in alpine biome）, and it was significantly larger in alpine （1.66） and grass/meadow （1.52） biomes than in tropical forest （1.23） and wetland （1.27）. The exponent of the relationship between Rdmass and SLA, however, was much smaller in wetland （1.05） than in temperate forest （1.29） and tropical rainforest （1.65）. In general, the predicated universal scaling relationship that the mass-based metabolism rate should be proportional to surface area in organisms is not applicable at the leaf-level in plants. Rather, the large slope difference of the relationship between leaf metabolism rate and SLA found among biomes indicates that the strength of the selective forces driving the scaling relationship is different among the biomes. The result basically suggests the importance of increasing SLA to plant carbon gain in stressful environments and to carbon loss in favorable habitats, and therefore has an important implication for survival strategies of plants in different biomes.

关键词： biome leaf photosynthesis plant respiration specific leaf area scaling

Lymphocyte phenotypes in wild-caught rats suggest potential mechanisms underlying increased immune sensitivity in post-industrial environments

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第2期9卷 163-174页

作者： Ashley M Trama Zoie E Holzknecht Anitra D Thomas Kuei-Ying Su Sean M Lee Emily E Foltz Sarah E Perkins Shu S Lin William Parker Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff CFIO 3AX UK Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

The immune systems of wild rats and of laboratory rats can been utilized as models of the human immune system in pre-industrial and post-industrial societies, respectively. In this study, lymphocyte phenotypes in wild rats were broadly characterized, and the results were compared to those obtained by us and by others using cells derived from various strains of laboratory rats. Although not expected, the production of regulatory T cells was not apparently different in wild rats compared to laboratory rats. On the other hand, differences in expression of markers involved in complement regulation, adhesion, signaling and maturation suggest increased complement regulation and decreased sensitivity in wild-caught rats compared to laboratory rats, and point toward complex differences between the maturation of T cells. The results potentially lend insight into the pathogenesis of post-industrial epidemics of allergy and autoimmune disease.

关键词： allergy autoimmunity biome hygiene immune regulation