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Two new species of Eurytoma(Hymenoptera:Eurytomidae),parasitoids of Bradybatus sp.(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)damaging seeds of Acer truncatum in China

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动物分类学报:英文版 2023年第3期48卷 264-276页

作者： Huihui Liu Liangming Cao Xiaoyi Wang Xuebing Xin Yingxia Bao Zhongqi Yang Experimental Center of Forestry in North China CAF/National Permanent Scientific Research Base for Warm Temperate Zone Forestry of Jiulong Mountain in BeijingBeijing 102300China Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Chinese Academy of Forestry&Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing 100091China Wujiaofeng Nature Reserve of Horqinyouyizhongqi Xing'an LeagueInner Mongolia 137400China

Two new species of Eurytoma,E.truncatumi Yang,Liu&Cao,sp.***.and E.acutibialis Yang,Liu&Cao,sp.nov.,are described and illustrated,as the solitary larval and pupal ectoparasitoid of Bradybatus sp.(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),a serious pest of purpleblow maple,Acer truncatum Bunge(Aceraceae).Photographs of the characters of the new species were provided.Typical materials were deposited in Insect Museum,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing.The biological characters observed and their biocontrol potential were also discussed.

关键词： Eurytoma seed-eater parasitoids biological control Acer truncatum

Soil application of Beauveria bassiana GHA against apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea （Hymenoptera： Tenthredinidae）： Field mortality and fungal persistence

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 854-868页

作者： Weronika Swiergiel Nicolai V. Meyling Mario Porcel Birgitta Ramert Department of Plant Protection Biology Unit of Integrated Plant Protection Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) AlnarpSweden Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

Low impact alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of apple sawfly （Hoplocampa testudinea Klug） are scarce encumbering pest management in organic apple orchards. We investigated the soil persistence and field efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana （Balsamo） Vuillemin （BotaniGard） against apple sawfly under common organic orchard practices. We also assessed the efficacy of B. bassiana GHA and Metarhiziurn brunneum Petch （indigenous strain） against sawfly in the laboratory. Larvae treated with either fungus in the laboratory died faster than control larvae and displayed 49.4%-68.4% mycosis. In the field, B. bassiana density remained high in the week after application, during larval descent to the soil. Fungal density decreased to 25% at 49 d after application and to 0.4% after 55 weeks. Molecular markers revealed that the majority of fungal isolates recovered comprised the applied B. bassiana strain GHA. Larvae pupating in soil cages in the orchard for 49 d displayed 17% mycosis. The high efficacy under laboratory conditions was not seen in the field. B. bassiana application resulted in densities above the upper natural background level during the growing season, but reversion to background levels occurred within a year. It remains to be investigated whether this has a detrimental effect on nontarget organisms. Additional work is needed to bridge the knowledge gap between laboratory and field efficacy in orchards.

关键词： biological control crop protection entomopathogenic fungi integrated pest management Metarhizium organic orchard

Comparison of cauliflower-insect-fungus interactions and pesticides for cabbage root fly control

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1057-1064页

作者： Jaka Razinger Metka Zerjav Meta Zemljic-Urbancic Spela Modic Matthias Lutz Hans-Josef Schroers Jurg Grunder Simon Fellous Gregor Urek Agricultural Institute of Slovenia Plant Protection Department Ljubljana Slovenia Agroscope Institut for Pflanzenbauwissenschaften Waedenswil Switzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences School of Life Sciences and Facility Management Campus Grueental Waedenswil Switzerland INRA Center for the Biology and Management of Populations (CBGP) UMR Montpellier France

Cabbage root fly （Delia radicum L.） control represents a major challenge in brassica production, therefore different management strategies for its control were tested in conventionally managed open field cauliflower production. Strategies included treatments with low-risk methods such as nitrogen lime, the insecticide spinosad and the Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040-based biopesticide Naturalis. Their effects were compared with treatments based on nonformulated fungal species Metarhizium brunneum, B. bassiana, Clonostachys solani, Trichoderma atroviride, T. koningiopsis, and T. gamsii and commercial insecticides λ-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam. Spinosad and thiamethoxam were pipetted to individual plants before transplanting; λ-cyhalothrin was sprayed after transplanting; nitrogen lime was applied at first hoeing. Nonformulated fimgi were delivered onto cauliflower plantlets＇ roots as a single pretransplantation inoculation. The cabbage root fly population dynamics exhibited a strong spatiotemporal variation. The lowest number of cabbage root fly pupae recovered from cauliflower roots in the field experiments was recorded in plants treated with spinosad （significant reduction）, followed by Naturalis and one of the tested M. brunneurn strains （nonsignificant reduction）. Significantly more pupae were counted in the nitrogen lime treatment. The field experiments showed that a single drench of cauliflower plantlets with spinosad offered consistent and enduring cabbage root fly control. Naturalis and nonformulated fungal isolates did not decrease cabbage root fly pressure significantly, apparently due to lack of statistical power. The implications of the substantial intra- and inter-annual pest pressure variation and the benefits of using single plant treatments are discussed, and recommendations for improvement of rhizosphere-competence utilizing biological control strategies provided.

关键词： biological control cabbage maggot Delia radicum entomopathogenic fungi plant-insect-microbe interactions rhizosphere competence

Wing-fanning frequency as a releaser boosting male mating success— High-speed video analysis of courtship behavior in Campoplex capitator, a parasitoid of Lobesia botrana

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1298-1310页

作者： Giovanni Benelli Renato Ricciardi Donato Romano Francesca Cosci Cesare Stefanini Andrea Lucchi Department of Agriculture.Food and Environment University of PisaPisaItaly The BioRobotics Institute.Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies PontederaPisaItaly Department of Excellence in Robotics&A.I. Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPisaItaly HEIC Center BME DepartmentKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUAE

Campoplex capitator is an ichneumonid parasitoid with a narrow host range,comprising grapevine moth pests.Despite being considered one of the possible candidates for biocontrol of Lobesia botrana,knowledge about its biology is limited and massrearing for commercial purposes is still lacking.This research provides a quantitative analysis of the C.capitator courtship and mating behavior.C.capitator mating sequence was analyzed by high-speed video recordings.Main behavioral parameters,with special reference to male wing fanning and antennal tapping,were quantified and linked with mating success.Furthermore,we analyzed the occurrence of population-level behavioral asymmetries during C capitator sexual interactions and their impact on male success.Results showed that male wing fanning was crucial to successfully approach the female.Males achieving higher mating success performed wing-fanning at higher frequencies over unsuccessful ones.After wing fanning,most of males palpated the females body with their antennae,before attempting copulation.The overall mating success was>70%,with a rather long copula duration(254.76±14.21 s).Male wing-fanning was lateralized on the left at population level,while antennal tapping displays were right-biased.Sidebiased male displays do not differ in terms of frequency and duration of their main features.This research adds basic knowledge to the C.capitator behavioral ecology.Since rearing protocols for C.capitator are being developed male wing fanning frequency may represent a useful benchmark for monitoring mate quality over time,tackling mating success reductions due to prolonged mass-rearing.

关键词： biological control European grapevine moth Ichneumonidae koinobiont parasitoid mass-rearing mating behavior

Increased nitrogen fertilization inhibits the biocontrol activity promoted by the intercropping partner plant

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1179-1190页

作者： Leyun Wang Hongying Cui Xinyue Chang Mengmeng Zhu Zihua Zhao Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Institute of Plant Protection Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesYinchuanChina

The examination of the compatibility between agricultural practices and biocontrol activities is crucial for establishing an efficient,eco-friendly,and sustainable pest management program.In this study,we examined the population dynamics of two specialist aphids,the English grain aphid(Sitobion avenae)on potted wheat and the pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum)on potted alfalfa,as well as the biocontrol activity of a generalist predator,the harlequin ladybird beetle(Harmonia axyridis).We investigated their responses to the presence of the intercropping partner plant species(alfalfa and wheat,respectively)through plant volatiles or visual cues at three nitrogen fertilizer levels in a greenhouse.In the absence of the predator,the English grain aphid population growth rate increased significantly with increasing nitrogen levels,whereas the pea aphid population increased significantly more slowly in response to high nitrogen levels.The English grain aphid and pea aphid population dynamics were unaffected by the presence of the intercropping partner.However,the presence of the intercropping partner enhanced the control of both aphid populations by the harlequin ladybird beetle.Increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels decreased the predation rates,which were otherwise increased by the intercropping partner.The beneficial effects of the intercropping partner were eventually non-existent at the highest nitrogen level tested.These results imply that the interaction between the presence of intercropping partner and the nitrogen fertilizer application affects the biocontrol activity of the natural enemies of insect pests.Thus,the compatibility between agricultural intensification and biocontrol strategies in integrated pest management programs need to be investigated.

关键词： Acyrthosiphon pisum biological control habitat Harmonia axyridis nitrogen fertilizer Sitobion avenae

Female-borne cues affecting Psyttalia concolor （Hymenoptera： Braconidae） male behavior during courtship and mating

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 379-384页

作者： Angelo Canale Giovanni Benelli Andrea Lucchi Department of Tree Science Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Pisa Pisa Italy

Knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate courtship and mating behavior in Psyttalia concolor （Sz6pligeti）-a koinobiont endophagous solitary parasitoid of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae （Rossi）, and of other fruit flies-is essential to its mass rearing and management, Augmentative releases ofP. concolor for olive fruit fly control started in the Mediterranean areas in the 1950s and still continue with limited success. We determined the influence of visual and chemical cues on courtship and mating behavior of this braconid and the possible effect of the mating status of males and females in the perception of these cues. Our results suggest that integration of visual and chemical stimuli are fundamental for mate location and courtship. Indeed, the optimal response of the male was achieved when physical and chemical cues were simultaneously presented and vision and olfaction worked synergistically.

关键词： Bactrocera oleae biological control Ceratitis capitata IPM Opiinae sexual communication

Quality control of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) over 45 generations of rearing on Sitotroga cerealella

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 180-190页

作者： Ehsan Ghaemmaghami Yaghoub Fathipour Abdoolnabi Bagheri Ali Asghar Talebi Gadi V.P.Reddy Department of Entomology Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran Plant Protection Research Department Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)Bandar AbbasIran USDA-ARS-Southern Insect Pest Management Research Unit StonevilleMississippiUSA

Trichogramma brassicae(Bezdenko)is an important biological control agent that has been used widely against many lepidopteran pests.Commonly,colonies of Trichogramma are mass reared on factitious hosts such as Sitotroga cerealella(Olivier)over many generations.In this study,we evaluated the quality and performance of a colony of T.brassicae that had been reared for over 45 generations(G)using two-sex life table parameters and parasitism capacity.We found that female adult longevity was significantly different among sequential generations,ranging from 5.58±2.5 d(at G5)to 3.75±1.42 d(at G45).However,no significant difference was found in male adult longevity among different generations.Although female wasps survived longer until the 15th gener・ation,they allocated more days for egg laying at G5 and GIO.The highest values of gross reproductive rate(GRR),net reproductive rate(7.),intrinsic rate of increase(r),finite rate of increase(λ)and mean generation time(T)were found in G5 and GIO,which also showed significantly higher cq.No significant difference in the finite parasitism rate(co)was found among generations up to G15.These results suggest that T.brassicae wasps held under continuous laboratory rearing can be used successfully in biological control programs until the 15th generation without any loss of quality or performance.However,laboratory mass rearing colonies declined in quality after 15 generations and we suggest that they should be rejuvenated regularly by adding field-collected parasitoids periodically.

关键词： biological control generation-dependent demography mass rearing parasitism rate Trichogramma brassicae

Development and application of molecular gut-content analysis to detect aphid and coccinellid predation by Harmonia axyridis （Coleoptera： Coccinellidae）in Italy

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 719-730页

作者： Gabriele Rondoni Kacie J. Athey James D. Harwood Eric Contit Carlo Ricci John J. Obrycki Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia Borgo XX Giugno 74 Perugia 06121 Italy and Department of Entomology University of Kentucky S-225 Agricultural Science Center North Lexington KY 40546-0091 USA

Despite their positive effect in reducing pest populations, exotic generalist predators sometimes become invasive and contribute to the displacement of indigenous species in the same trophic level. Although laboratory experiments have linked intraguild predation （IGP） to these interactions, field evidence and quantification of IGP are still lacking for most systems. The recent establishment of the exotic Harmonia axyridis （Pallas）（Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） in Italy raises concern about the detrimental effect that the ladybird could have on native coccinellids. Here we assessed, under laboratory conditions, the acceptability and suitability of eggs of 2 native ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata L. and Oenopia conglobata （L.）, as prey items for H. axyridis larvae. Then we developed primers for molecular gut-content analysis to detect predation by H. axyridis on the 2 ladybirds and on the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae L. Species-specific 16S primers were developed for the 3 species and laboratory feeding trials were conducted to quantify the rate of prey DNA breakdown in the gut of//. axyridis. Moreover, to field evaluate primers, H. axyridis 4th instars （n = 132） were systematically collected from linden trees in northern Italy and screened for the presence of prey DNA. Seventy-three percent and 7% of field collected H. axyridis were positive for aphid and coccinellid DNA, respectively. Predation upon aphid and A. bipunctata was lower than predicted if density dependent consumption was expected, while predation upon O. conglobata was significantly higher. Here, we provided the first evidence of IGP among feral populations ofH. axyridis and indigenous ladybird beetles, occurring in Italy.

关键词： Adalia bipunctata biological control Eucallipterus tiliae intraguild inter-actions nontarget effect Oenopia conglobata

Sequential loss of genetic variation in flea beetle Agasicles hygrophila （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） following introduction into China

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 655-661页

作者： Rui-Yan Ma Xiao-Yun Jia Wen-Zhong Liu Roger H. Laushman Long-Long Zhao Dong Jia Ren Wang Department of Biosafety College of Animal Science and Technology Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu Shanxi China Department of Biology Oberlin College Oberlin Ohio USA and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Beijing China

The flea beetle （Agasicles hygrophila） was imported to Florida, USA and then introduced from Florida into China in 1987 as a biological control agent for the invasive plant alligator weed （Alternanthera philoxeroides）. The initial beetle population was subsequently used for sequential introductions in other areas of China, but little is known about the genetic consequences of the introductions. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of five beetle populations, the source Florida population, three intentionally introduced China populations and one accidentally dispersed China population, were examined using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. The results showed a clear pattern of decreasing genetic diversity with the sequential introductions. The diversity was highest in the Florida population followed by the first introduction to Chongqing and then in Kunming and Fuzhou. The lowest diversity was found in the accidentally dispersed Guangzhou population that was first recorded in 1996. Both loci parameters and Nei＇s genetic diversity showed a high variation among these populations. Genetic differentiation among populations was further verified by the GST statistic （0.136–0.432）. Beetles in Kunming had the highest gene flow with those in Guangzhou, and therefore lowest differentiation and closest genetic distance. These data show that sequential introduction influenced the genetic diversity of populations in China. Genetic diversity should be considered in planning introduction and long-term maintenance of populations.

关键词： AFLP Agasicles hygrophila biological control genetic diversity introduction