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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第2期6卷 342-355页

作者： Rui LI Wei WANG Zhe CHEN Xuezhi WU National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center Beijing Jiaotong University Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University

A fuzzy multi-objective bi-level optimization problem is proposed to model the planning of energy storage system(ESS) in active distribution systems(ADS). The proposed model enables us to take into account how optimal operation strategy of ESS in the lower level can affect and be affected by the optimal allocation of ESS in the upper level. The power characteristic model of micro-grid(MG)and typical daily scenarios are established to take full consideration of time-variable nature of renewable energy generations(REGs) and load demand while easing the burden of computation. To solve the bi-level mixed integer problem, a multi-subgroup hierarchical chaos hybrid algorithm is introduced based on differential evolution(DE) and particle swarm optimization(PSO). The modified IEEE-33 bus benchmark distribution system is utilized to investigate the availability and effectiveness of the proposed model and the hybrid algorithm. Results indicate that the planningmodel gives an adequate consideration to the optimal operation and different roles of ESS, and has the advantages of objectiveness and reasonableness.

关键词： Active distribution system Energy storage system Optimal planning bi-level programming Fuzzy multiple objective

A bi-level FORMULATION AND QUASI-NEWTON ALGORITHM FOR STOCHASTIC EQUILIBRIUM NETWORK DESIGN PROBLEM WITH ELASTIC DEMAND

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2001年第1期14卷 40-53页

作者： HUANG Haijun (School of Management, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China) WANG Shouyang (Institute of Systems Science, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China) Mi 北京航空航天大学北京 100083 中科院系统科学所北京 100080 University of Newcastle 英国 NE1 7RU

In this paper, a bi-level formulation of the continuous network design problem (NDP) is proposed on the basis of logit stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment with elastic demand. The model determines the link capacity improvements by maximizing net economic benefit while considering changes in demand and traffic distribution in network. The derivatives of equilibrium link flows and objective function with respect to capacity expansion variables, which are analytically derived, can be computed without having to first find path choice information. These derivatives are employed to develop a quasi Newton algorithm with the BFG S (Broyden- Fletcher- Goldfarb-Shanno) formula for solving the nonlinear, nonconvex but differentiable SUE-constrained network design problem. The SUE assignment with elastic demand is solved by using the method of successive averages in conjunction with Bell’s matrix inversion logit assignment method. Simple and complex example networks are presented to illustrate the model and the algorithm.

关键词： Network design problem stochastic equilibrium assignment bi-level formulation quasi-Newton algorithm.

A Case of Implant Migration Following bi-level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第4期130卷 497-498页

作者： Ji-Liang Zhai Xiao Chang Jian-Hua Hu Xi-Sheng Weng Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China

To the Editor： A 48-year-old female underwent C4/5 and C5/6 Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty 3 years earlier for right shoulder pain and right arm numbness and weakness. The symptoms resolved postoperatively, and the location of the implant was good 6 weeks after the surgery; however, the range of motion （ROM） of the C4/5 and C5/6 implant were only 1° and 4°, respectively. The patient complained of the right shoulder pain and swallowing difficulty 10 months postoperatively. She experienced no neurological symptoms, and physical examination revealed no abnormal findings. Her symptoms progressively deteriorated, and she began to have difficulty of swallowing solid food. Thirteen months after the surgery, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showed anterior migration of the C4/5 and C5/6 implants [Figure 1 ]. Preoperative serum procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels were normal.

关键词： Migration bi-level Arthroplasty

bi-level Capacitated Location-allocation Problem in Uncertain Environment

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Bi-level Capacitated Location-allocation Problem in Uncertai...

A Lagrange Relaxation Based Approach to Solve a Discrete-Continous bi-level Model

第五届中国不确定系统年会

作者： Jiucun Yao Yuanguo Zhu Department of Applied Mathematics Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu

＜正＞Location-Allocation（LA）Problem is to lo- cate a set of facilities such that the transportation cost from facilities to customers is *** problem has been studied by many researchers in ran- dom and fuzzy fields for its general practical applica- ***,facilities may supply different lev- els such as hi-level LA *** this paper,we consider bi-level capacitated LA problem in uncertain environment（BLCLAU）.In BLCLAU,the parameters of demands level are all uncertain *** or- der to solve BLCLAU,we introduces EVM model of BLCLAU,and gives the solution of EVM by a hy- brid intelligent method combining fuzzy simulation and guided evolution simulation algorithm（GESA）to- gether,discussed.

关键词： bi-level capacitated location-allocation fuzzy variable intelligent algorithm

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Open Journal of Optimization 2019年第3期8卷 100-111页

作者： Zaida E. Alarcón-Bernal Ricardo Aceves-García Department of biomedical Systems Engineering Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Department of Systems Engineering Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico

In this work we propose a solution method based on Lagrange relaxation for discrete-continuous bi-level problems, with binary variables in the leading problem, considering the optimistic approach in bi-level programming. For the application of the method, the two-level problem is reformulated using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The resulting model is linearized taking advantage of the structure of the leading problem. Using a Lagrange relaxation algorithm, it is possible to find a global solution efficiently. The algorithm was tested to show how it performs.

关键词： bi-level Programming Lagrange Relaxation Discrete-Continous Linear bilevel

Clinical Analysis of Early Application of bi-level Positive Airway Pressure ventilation in the Treatment of COPD with Type II Respiratory Failure

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2019年第3期3卷 16-18页

作者： Yanbing Wang Department of Respiratory The Taixing People’s HospitalJiangsu ProvinceTaixing225400

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of early application of bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation in the treatment of COPD with type II respiratory ***:A total of 58 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 29 cases in each *** them,the control group was received routine treatment while the observation group was treated with bi-level positive pressure airway ventilation in addition of conventional *** arterial blood gas analysis,mortality rate and hospitalization time of these two groups before and after treatment were ***:The blood pH,partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)of these two groups were significantly higher after the treatment while PaO2 alone was *** difference was statistically significant(Pbi-level positive airway pressure ventilation in the treatment of COPD with type II respiratory failure has a significant clinical effect in reducing the mortality rate and hospitalization time of patients,and thus it is worthy of clinical application.

关键词： bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation COPD type II respiratory failure efficacy

An Alternative Approach for Solving bi-level Programming Problems

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American Journal of Operations Research 2017年第3期7卷 239-247页

作者： Rashmi birla Vijay K. Agarwal Idrees A. Khan Vishnu Narayan Mishra Department of Mathematics Sir Padampat Singhania University Bhatewar India Department of Mathematics Mody University of Science and Techonology Lakshmangarh India Department of Mathematics Integral University Lucknow India Applied Mathematics & Humanities Department Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat India

An algorithm is proposed in this paper for solving two-dimensional bi-level linear programming problems without making a graph. Based on the classification of constraints, algorithm removes all redundant constraints, which eliminate the possibility of cycling and the solution of the problem is reached in a finite number of steps. Example to illustrate the method is also included in the paper.

关键词： Linear Programming Problem bi-level Programming Problem Graph Algorithm

Modeling Transport Hub Layout Using bi - level and Game Theory

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Optimizing Emergency Logistics for the Offsite Hazardous Waste Management

2005全国博士生学术论坛（交通运输工程学科）

作者： Li Deweil , Han Baoming (School of traffic and transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044)

＜正＞ This paper provides an optimized bi - level model for transport hub layout problem based on urban rail transit network. Two factors are considered, the total time saved in the whole traffic network and the competition - cooperation re lationships between different transportation modes. Thus, the paper mainly focuses on the two problems, one is to minimize the total travel time and mode change of all transit users and the other is to maximize the profit of each transport modes companies by use of game theory. This paper also deals with the relationsh ip among passenger waiting time, in - vehicle time, service frequency and traffic demand. A long run microcosmic " non - zero - sum" game model is put forward to solve the complex collaborative problem of transport modes . Finally, an example is presented on a predicted multi - modal network.

关键词： transit bi-level game theory hub Layout

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2019年第6期28卷 747-765页

作者： Jiahong Zhao Ginger Y.Ke School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Faculty of Business Administration Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada A1B 3X5

Hazardous wastes pose increasing threats to people and environment during the processes of offsite collection,storage,treatment,and disposal.A novel game theoretic model,including two levels,is developed for the corresponding optimization of emergency logistics,where the upper level indicates the location and capacity problem for the regulator,and the lower level reflects the allocation problem for the emergency *** from other works in the literature,we focus on the issue of multi-quality coverages (full and partial coverages) in the optimization of facility location and *** be specific,the regulator decides the location plan and the corresponding capacity of storing emergency groups for multiple types of hazmats,so to minimizes the total potential environmental risk posed by incident sites;while the commander minimizes the total costs to provide an efficient allocation *** solve the bi-level programming model,two solution techniques,namely a KKT condition approach and a heuristic model,are designed and *** proposed model and solution techniques are then applied to a hypothetical case and a real-world case to demonstrate the practicality and provide managerial insights.

关键词： bi-level programming hazardous material time-based risk assessment multi-quality covering model KKT heuristic technique

Changes in insomnia severity with advanced PAP therapy in patients with posttraumatic stress symptoms and comorbid sleep apnea:A retrospective,nonrandomized controlled study

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Military Medical Research 2019年第4期6卷 308-319页

作者： Barry J.Krakow Natalia D.McIver Jessica J.Obando Victor A.Ulibarri Sleep&Human Health Institute 6739 Academy Rd NE Ste380AlbuquerqueNM 87109USA Maimonides Sleep Arts&Sciences 6739 Academy Rd NE Ste380AlbuquerqueNM 87109USA Los Alamos Medical Center 3917 W RdLos AlamosNM 87544USA Institution:Mozaik Solutions Solana BeachCA 92075USA

Background:Sleep disorders frequently occur in posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)*** insomnia is a common feature of and criteria for the diagnosis of *** sleep disorder,obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),also occurs frequently in PTSD,and emerging research indicates OSA fuels chronic *** research has investigated the impact of OSA treatment on insomnia outcomes(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI)in trauma ***:OSA patients with moderately severe posttraumatic stress symptoms were studied in a retrospective chart ***-six patients who failed CPAP therapy due to expiratory pressure intolerance or complex sleep apnea or both underwent manual titration with advanced PAP modes[autobilevel(ABPAP);adaptive servo-ventilation(ASV)],which were subsequently *** use measured by objective data downloads divided the sample into three groups:compliant regular users(C-RU):n=68;subthreshold users(SC-RU):n=12;and noncompliant users(NC-MU):n=*** average follow-up was 11.89±12.22 *** and posttreatment ISI scores were analyzed to assess residual insomnia symptoms as well as cure ***:The C-RU group showed significant improvements in insomnia with very large effects compared to those in the NC-MU reference group(P=0.019).Insomnia severity significantly decreased in all three groups with large effects(C-RU,P=0.001;SC-RU,P=0.027;NC-MU,P=0.007).Hours of weekly PAP use and insomnia severity were inversely correlated(P=0.001,r=–0.321).However,residual insomnia symptoms based on established ISI cut-offs were quite common,even among the C-RU *** hoc analysis showed that several categories of sedating medications reported at baseline(hypnotics,anti-epileptic,opiates)as well as actual use of any sedating medication(prescription or nonprescription)were associated with smaller insomnia improvements than those in patients not using any sedating ***:In a retrospective,nonrandomized analysis of a selec

关键词： Insomnia Obstructive sleep apnea Complex insomnia CBT-I Posttraumatic stress symptoms CPAP Auto bi-level Adaptive servo-ventilation