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An overview of research efforts to understand the effects of underwater sound on cetaceans

Water Biology and Security 2023年第2期2卷 1-12页

作者： Shane Guan Tiffini Brookens Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Environmental Studies ProgramUSA Marine Mammal Commission USA The Catholic University of America USA

Cetaceans are aquatic mammals living in an environment that is more suited for hearing than *** such,their sensory systems largely utilize acoustic cues for navigation,communication,foraging,and predator ***,the elevation of underwater sound levels from increased human activities has adversely affected cetaceans’use of sound to perform vital life *** address those impacts,scientific studies have been conducted to understand the behavioral,psychoacoustical,physiological,and physical responses by cetaceans that have been exposed to anthropogenic *** studies range from captive experiments involving auditory thresholds and noise-induced threshold shifts,to field observations of behavioral disturbance from sound exposure,to post-mortem examinations of physical manifestations in stranded *** the years,results from these studies have assisted regulatory agencies in developing a series of criteria and thresholds for cetacean conservation and management around the *** paper provides a high-level overview of worldwide research efforts that have been dedicated to understanding the effects of underwater sound on *** review is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to capture major efforts and significant findings in this *** addition,the review excludes synthesis studies and modeling exercises that do not involve direct research on target species.

关键词： Cetacean Anthropogenic sound Underwater sound exposure behavioral disturbance Environmental impact assessment behavioral response Noise-induced threshold shift

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Potent protection of Danshensu (β-3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid) against excitotoxic effects of maternal intragastric administration of monosodium glutamate at a late stage of pregnancy on developing mouse fetal brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第20期5卷 1559-1567页

作者： Jingen Shen Lijian Yu Rundi Ma Yongping Zhang Xiaoyu Zhang Juanzhi Fang Tingxi Yu Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang 524025 Guangdong Province China Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21228 USA Cell Biology Group Department of Surgery Department of Pathology University of Maryland School of Medicine and Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baltimore MD 21201 USA

Recent studies have demonstrated that ferulic acid[3-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-2-propenoic acid]and sodium ferulate produce protective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in adult ***（β-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid）has a similar molecular structure and pharmacological action to caffeic *** study aimed to validate the protection conferred by Danshensu against excitotoxic effects of maternal intragastric administration of monosodium glutamate at late stages of pregnancy in the developing mouse fetal *** tests,as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of hippocampi were performed in filial *** revealed that maternal intragastric administration of excessive monosodium glutamate（1.0,2.0,4.0 g/kg body weight）at a late stage of pregnancy resulted in a series of behavioral disorders（hyperactivity,lesions of learning and memory,and disturbance in cooperation of movement ability under high-altitude stress）,histopathological impairment（neuronal edema,degeneration,necrosis,and hyperplasia）and molecular cellular biological changes（upregulated expression of N-methyI-D-aspartate receptor type 1 and neuropeptide Y in the hippocampal region of the brain of the filial mice from mothers treated with monosodium glutamate）.Simultaneous administration of sodium Danshensu partially reversed the effects of monosodium glutamate on the above mentioned *** findings indicate that sodium Danshensu exhibits obvious protective effects on the excitotoxicity of monosodium glutamate.

关键词： excitotoxicity behavioral disturbance histopathological lesion molecular cellular biologic disorders β-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid neuroprotection

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