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Towards a business model for second-life Batteries: Barriers,opportunities, uncertainties, and technologies

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 507-525,I0014页

作者： Carlos Antônio Rufino Júnior Eleonora Riva Sanseverino Pierluigi Gallo Daniel Koch Yash Kotak Hans-Georg Schweiger Hudson Zanin Advanced Energy Storage Division New Energy Innovation CenterUniversity of Campinas(UNICAMP)Campinas 13083-852Brazil Engineering Department University of Palermo(UNIPA)Palermo 90128Italy Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni(CNIT) Parma 43124Italy Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Institute for ElectricConnected and Safe Mobility(C-ECOS)Ingolstadt 85049Germany

Electric vehicles(EVs) and the recent pandemic outbreak give cities a new trend to primarily private and shared mobility with low noise and less air pollution.Crucial factors for the widespread of EVs are the electrical charging infrastructure,driving range,and the reduction of the cost of battery packets.For this reason,there is a massive effort from manufacturers,governments,and the scientific community to reduce battery costs and boost sustainable electrical production and distribution.Battery reuse is an alternative to reduce Batteries’ costs and environmental impacts.Second-life Batteries can be used in a wide variety of secondary applications.Second-life Batteries can be connected with off-grid or on-grid photovoltaic and wind systems,vehicle charging stations,forklifts,and frequency control.The present work aims to analyze the main challenges imposed on the reuse of Batteries,the leading technologies for their reuse,and the different types of Batteries in terms of their feasibility for second-life use.The main novelty of this work is the discussion about the barriers,opportunities,uncertainties,and technologies for the second life market.Here we summarize the present state of the art in reusing lithium-ion Batteries discussing technical and economic feasibility,environmental impacts,and perspectives.The results show five business models that have been proposed in the literature,three types of markets for trading second-life Batteries,and the main opportunities and barriers for each actor in the battery supply chain.

关键词： Business models Batteries Sustainability Electric vehicles Challenges Opportunities Lithium-ion Batteries Reuse

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An in-depth understanding of improvement strategies and corresponding characterizations towards Zn anode in aqueous Zn-ions Batteries

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第4期8卷 1006-1042页

作者： Yuzhu Chu Lingxiao Ren Zhenglin Hu Chengde Huang Jiayan Luo Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold(Zhengzhou University) Ministry of EducationZhengzhou450002China Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Combining the unique advantages of aqueous electrolytes and metallic Zn anode, rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion Batteries(ZIBs) are of great promise for large-scale energy storage applications due to their inherent high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. As the essential component of ZIBs, Zn metal anode suffers from severe dendrite formation and inevitable side reactions(e.g. corrosion and hydrogen evolution)in aqueous electrolytes, which leads to low Coulombic efficiency and inferior cycling stability, impeding their large-scale applications. To be compatible with satisfactory aqueous ZIBs, Zn anode has been modified from various perspectives and focus areas. Herein, based on their intrinsic characteristics, we review the related improvement strategies for Zn anode, including interphase, substrate, and bulk design, so as to achieve an in-depth understanding of Zn anode optimization. Furthermore, the timely summary of characterization methods for Zn anodes are also performed for the first time, from both thermodynamic and kinetics perspectives, which is particularly helpful for beginners to understand the complicated characterizations and employ suitable methods. Finally, certain noteworthy points are put forward for subsequent investigation of aqueous ZIBs. It is expected that this review will enlighten researchers to explore more efficient optimization strategies for Zn anode in aqueous electrolytes.

关键词： Zn anodes Corrosion Dendrite Batteries Electrolyte

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Electrospun Flexible Nanofibres for Batteries:Design and Application

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2023年第1期6卷 464-531页

作者： P.Robert Ilango A.Dennyson Savariraj Hongjiao Huang Linlin Li Guangzhi Hu Huaisheng Wang Xiaodong Hou Byung Chul Kim Seeram Ramakrishna Shengjie Peng Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504YunnanChina College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016JiangsuChina Institute for Energy Studies University of North DakotaGrand ForksND 58202USA Department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering Sunchon National University255 Jungang-roSuncheon-siJeollanam-do 57922Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Khalifa University127788 Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Physics PSGR Krishnammal College for WomenCoimbatoreTamil Nadu 641004India School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000LiaoningChina Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore

Flexible and free-standing electrospun nanofibres have been used as electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage systems due to their versatile properties,such as mechanical stability,superb electrical conductivity,and high functionality.In energy storage systems such as metal-ion,metal-air,and metal-sulphur Batteries,electrospun nanofibres are vital for constructing flexible electrodes and substantially enhancing their electrochemical properties.The need for flexible Batteries has increased with increasing demand for new products such as wearable and flexible devices,including smartwatches and flexible displays.Conventional Batteries have several semirigid to rigid components that limit their expansion in the flexible device market.The creation of flexible and wearable Batteries with greater mechanical flexibility,higher energy,and substantial power density is critical in meeting the demand for these new electronic items.The implementation of carbon and carbon-derived composites into flexible electrodes is required to realize this goal.It is essential to understand recent advances and the comprehensive foundation behind the synthesis and assembly of various flexible electrospun nanofibres.The design of nanofibres,including those comprising carbon,N-doped carbon,hierarchical,porous carbon,and metal/metal oxide carbon composites,will be explored.We will highlight the merits of electrospun carbon flexible electrodes by describing porosity,surface area,binder-free and free-standing electrode construction,cycling stability,and performance rate.Significant scientific progress has been achieved and logistical challenges have been met in promoting secondary battery usage;therefore,this review of flexible electrode materials will advance this easily used and sought-after technology.The challenges and prospects involved in the timely development of carbon nanofibre composite flexible electrodes and Batteries will be addressed.

关键词： Electrospinning Carbon composite Flexibility Electrode Batteries

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Single atom site conjugated copper polyphthalocyanine assisted carbon nanotubes as cathode for reversible Li-CO_(2) Batteries

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4100-4107页

作者： Yunyun Xu Cheng Jiang Hao Gong Hairong Xue Bin Gao Peng Li Kun Chang Xianli Huang Tao Wang Jianping He College of Materials Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage TechnologiesNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Department of Chemistry and Materials Science College of ScienceNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Recently,Li-CO_(2) battery has gradually become a research hotspot due to its high discharge capacity,energy density and environmental benefits.However,it has been an important problem for researchers because of its slow decomposition kinetics and difficult to generalize to practical application.Herein,we prepared copper polyphthalocyanine-carbon nanotubes composites(CuPPc-CNTs)by solvothermal in-situ polymerization of copper phthalocyanine on the surface of carbon nanotubes as cathode for reversible Li-CO_(2) Batteries,which exhibits a high discharge capacity of 18,652.7 mAh·g^(-1) at current density of 100 mA·g^(-1),1.64 V polarization at 1,000 mA·g^(-1),and a stable cycles number of 160 is close to 1,630 h of charge-discharge process at 200 mA·g^(-1).Copper polyphthalocyanine has highly efficient copper single-atom catalytic sites with excellent CO_(2) adsorption and activation,while carbon nanotubes provide a conductive network.The synergistic effect of the two compounds enables it to have excellent catalytic activity.The density functional theory(DFT)calculation proved that the addition of copper polyphthalocyanine significantly improved the CO_(2) adsorption and activation process.This study provides an opportunity for the research of covalent organic polymers(COPs)single-atom catalyst in Li-CO_(2) battery field.

关键词： copper polyphthalocyanine carbon nanotubes CO_(2)adsorption reversible Li-CO_(2) Batteries

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Defect-induced deposition of manganese oxides on hierarchical carbon nanocages for high-performance lithium-oxygen Batteries

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4132-4136页

作者： Baoxing Wang Chenxia Liu Lijun Yang Qiang Wu Xizhang Wang Zheng Hu Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

The cathode of lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))Batteries should have large space for high Li_(2)O_(2) uptake and superior electrocatalytic activity to oxygen evolution/reduction for long lifespan.Herein,a high-performance MnO_(x)/hCNC cathode was constructed by the defect-induced deposition of manganese oxide(MnOx)nanoparticles on hierarchical carbon nanocages(hCNC).The corresponding Li-O2 battery(MnOx/hCNC@Li-O_(2))exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity with the low overpotential of 0.73-0.99 V in the current density range of 0.1-1.0 A·g^(-1).The full discharge capacity and cycling life of MnO_(x)/hCNC@Li-O_(2) were increased by~86.7%and~91%,respectively,compared with the hCNC@Li-O_(2) counterpart.The superior performance of MnO_(x)/hCNC cathode was ascribed to(i)the highly dispersed MnO_(x) nanoparticles for boosting the reversibility of oxygen evolution/reduction reactions,(ii)the interconnecting pore structure for increasing Li_(2)O_(2) accommodation and facilitating charge/mass transfer,and(iii)the concealed surface defects of hCNC for suppressing side reactions.This study demonstrated an effective strategy to improve the performance of Li-O_(2) Batteries by constructing cathodes with highly dispersed catalytic sites and hierarchical porous structure.

关键词： Li-O_(2) Batteries hierarchical carbon nanocages manganese oxide electrocatalysis defect-induced deposition

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Optimization of the Cooling System of Electric Vehicle Batteries

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第3期18卷 835-850页

作者： A.Heri Iswanto Iwan Harsono Alim Al Ayub Ahmed Sergushina Elena Sergeevna Stepan Krasnikov Rustem Zalilov John William Grimaldo Guerrero Liliya N.Latipova Safa Kareem Hachim Public Health Department Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran JakartaJakarta16426Indonesia Universitas Mataram West Nusa Tenggara83116Indonesia School of Accounting Jiujiang UniversityJiujiang330300China National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University Saransk430005Russia Russian Technological University Moscow119454Russian Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University Magnitogorsk455000Russian Departamento de Energía Universidad de la CostaBarranquilla080002Colombia Kazan Federal University Kazan628400Russia College of Technical Engineering The Islamic UniversityNajaf54001Iraq

The most important components of electrical vehicles are the battery and the related cooling system.These subsystems play a major role in determining the overall electric vehicle performances.In this study,a novel cooling system with fluid in the battery cell is proposed,by which the energy storage system can be optimized through control of the temperature of the Batteries.A sensitivity analysis is conducted considering the maximum temperature,the heat rate,the coolant temperature,and the geometry of the cavities.The numerical simulations show that the parameters for the trapezoidal compartment have an impact on the thermal performance of battery.An optimal geometry is proposed accordingly.It is concluded that for high values of Reynolds number for which the flow becomes turbulent,a decrease in the battery temperature can be obtained thereby avoiding thermal stresses.

关键词： Thermal flow Batteries geometry cavity cooling system

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Rational Design of MOF-Based Materials for Next-Generation Rechargeable Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第12期13卷 264-300页

作者： Zhengqing Ye Ying Jiang Li Li Feng Wu Renjie Chen Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081People’s Republic of China Advanced Technology Research Institute Beijing Institute of TechnologyJinan 250300People’s Republic of China

Metal–organic framework(MOF)-based materials with high porosity,tunable compositions,diverse structures,and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications.Herein,this review summarizes recent advances in pristine MOFs,MOF composites,MOF derivatives,and MOF composite derivatives for high-performance sodium-ion Batteries,potassiumion Batteries,Zn-ion Batteries,lithium–sulfur Batteries,lithium–oxygen Batteries,and Zn–air Batteries in which the unique roles of MOFs as electrodes,separators,and even electrolyte are highlighted.Furthermore,through the discussion of MOFbased materials in each battery system,the key principles for controllable synthesis of diverse MOF-based materials and electrochemical performance improvement mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the major challenges and perspectives of MOFs are also proposed for next-generation battery applications.

关键词： Metal–organic frameworks MOF composites MOF derivatives MOF composite derivatives Batteries

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Quantifying Electrochemical Processes in Batteries and Beyond

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第4期5卷 1001-1004页

作者： Emma N.Antonio Michael F.Toney Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA Joint Center for Energy Storage Research(JCESR) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA

The correlation of electrochemical measurements with materials characterization has advanced our understanding of operation and degradation mechanisms in electrochemical energy storage and many other fields.Yet,often these correlations are qualitative,preventing the unambiguous identification of both operational principles and the root causes of performance losses.Here we suggest quantitative approaches to define competing mechanisms and determine their relative contributions.We illustrate the importance of quantitative methodologies over a range of electrochemical systems and highlight the need to consider the effect of the experimental design and measurement itself.These approaches will reveal the most detrimental degradation mechanisms and enable the development of strategies to suppress,stabilize or eliminate them,leading to materials and devices with longer lifetimes,reduced environmental impact,and improved performance.

关键词： electrochemistry in situ and operando characterization Batteries quantification materials science

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可充电电池中具有空心结构的正极材料

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Science Bulletin 2020年第6期65卷 496-512,M0004页

作者：朱晓波唐佳勇黄亨明林同恩罗彬王连洲 Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandQLD 4072Australia College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China

随着可充电电池应用的广泛应用,人们对可充电电池的性能(质量比容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性)提出了更高的要求.设计合成具有微纳米结构的电极材料是提升可充电电池电学性能的一个重要研究方向,其中空心结构设计因其有效性引起研究人员... 详细信息

随着可充电电池应用的广泛应用,人们对可充电电池的性能(质量比容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性)提出了更高的要求.设计合成具有微纳米结构的电极材料是提升可充电电池电学性能的一个重要研究方向,其中空心结构设计因其有效性引起研究人员的重视.目前空心结构的应用主要集中在负极材料上,相比之下具有空心结构的正极材料因其较难的形貌控制以及较低的体积比容量,研究相对较少.本文总结了具有空心结构的正极材料在可充电电池,主要是在锂离子电池和钠离子电池中的应用,分析讨论了此类正极材料研究中取得的成绩以及存在的问题和挑战.由于空心结构具有更多的反应位点、利于电解液的渗透以及能缓解充放电过程中的体积变化,空心结构化能明显改进下一代高比容量正极材料(比如富锂层型材料、钒基氧化物、硅酸盐等)的电学性能.这些材料往往表现出较低的电子电导率、离子扩散系数和较高的体积变化率.我们相信通过精确控制空心结构的空间结构、开发低成本可放大的合成策略,空心结构能为未来的高性能正极材料提供较为实用化的解决方案.

关键词： Rechargeable Batteries Cathode materials Hollow structures Electrochemical performance

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Necklace-like Si@C nano?bers as robust anode materials for high performance lithium ion Batteries

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Science Bulletin 2019年第4期64卷 261-269页

作者： Xiangzhong Kong Yuchao Zheng Yaping Wang Shuquan Liang Guozhong Cao Anqiang Pan School of Materials Science & Engineering Central South University Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Washington Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials and Engineering Ministry of Education Central South University

Silicon is believed to be a promising anode material for lithium ion Batteries because of its highest theoretical capacity and low discharge potential. However, severe pulverization and capacity fading caused by huge volume change during cycling limits its practical application. In this work, necklace-like N-doped carbon wrapped mesoporous Si nanofibers(NL-Si@C) network has been synthesized via electrospinning method followed by magnesiothermic reduction reaction process to suppress these issues. The mesoporous Si nanospheres are wrapped with N-doped carbon shells network to form yolk-shell structure.Interestingly, the distance of adjacent Si@C nanospheres can be controllably adjusted by different addition amounts of SiO_2 nanospheres. When used as an anode material for lithium ion Batteries, the NL-Si@C-0.5 exhibits best cycling stability and rate capability. The excellent electrochemical performances can be ascribed to the necklace-like network structure and N-doped carbon layers, which can ensure fast ions and electrons transportation, facilitate the electrolyte penetration and provide finite voids to allow large volume expansion of inner Si nanoparticles. Moreover, the protective carbon layers are also beneficial to the formation of stable solid electrolyte interface film.

关键词： Necklace-like Carbon shells network N-doped Mesoporous silicon Lithium ion Batteries

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