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Gastro-duodenal disease in Africa: Literature review and clinical data from Accra, Ghana

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第26期25卷 3344-3358页

作者： Timothy N Archampong Richard H Asmah Cathy J Richards Vicki J Martin Christopher D Bayliss Edília Botao Leonor David Sandra Beleza Carla Carrilho Department of Medicine and Therapeutics School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of GhanaAccra Box 4236Ghana Department of Genetics and Genome Biology University of LeicesterLeicester LE1 7RHUnited Kingdom Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Biomedical and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccra Box 4236Ghana Department of Histopathology Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE1 5WWUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Maputo Central HospitalMaputo POBox 1164Mozambique Department of Pathology Medical Faculty of the University of PortoPorto 4200-465Portugal Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto(Ipatimup) Porto 4200-465Portugal Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude(i3S) University of PortoPorto 4200-465Portugal Department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineEduardo Mondlane UniversityMaputo POBox 257Mozambique

Gastroduodenal disease(GDD)was initially thought to be uncommon in *** others,lack of access to optimal health infrastructure and suspicion of conventional medicine resulted in the reported prevalence of GDD being significantly lower than that in other areas of the *** the increasing availability of flexible upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy,it has now become apparent that GDD,especially peptic ulcer disease(PUD),is prevalent across the continent of *** risk factors for gastric cancer(GCA)include Helicobater pylori(***),diet,Epstein-Barr virus infection and industrial chemical exposure,while those for PUD are ***,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)-use,smoking and alcohol *** these,*** is generally accepted to be causally related to the development of atrophic gastritis(AG),intestinal metaplasia(IM),PUD and distal ***,we perform a systematic review of the patterns of GDD across Africa obtained with endoscopy,and complement the analysis with new data obtained on premalignant gastric his-topathological lesions in Accra,Ghana which was compared with previous data from Maputo,*** there is a general lack of structured cohort studies in Africa,we also considered endoscopy-based hospital or tertiary centre studies of symptomatic *** Africa,there is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of PUD with no clear geographical ***,there are differences in PUD within-country despite universally endemic *** *** is not uncommon in *** of the African tertiary-centre studies had higher prevalence of PUD when compared with similar studies in western *** additional intriguing observation is a recent,ongoing decline in PUD in some African countries where *** infection is still *** possible reason for the high,sustained prevalence of PUD may be the significant use of NSAIDs in local or over-the-counter *** prevalence

关键词： Gastroduodenal Peptic ulcer Gastric cancer Africa Pre-malignant atrophy Intestinal metaplasia Duodenal ulcer Gastric ulcer

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Modified distance regularized level set evolution for brain ventricles segmentation

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2020年第1期3卷 329-340页

作者： Thirumagal Jayaraman Sravan Reddy M Manjunatha Mahadevappa Anup Sadhu Pranab Kumar Dutta School of Medical Science and Technology IIT KharagpurKharagpur 721302India Department of Electronics and Communications JNTUA-College of EngineeringPulivendula 516390India EKO CT&MRI Scan Centre Medical CollegeCalcutta 700073India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT KharagpurKharagpur 721302India

Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly characterized by atrophy of the brain which is caused by neuronal *** are one of the prominent structures in the brain;their shape changes,due to their content,the cerebrospinal *** the morphological changes of ventricles,aids in the diagnosis of atrophy,for which the region of interest needs to be separated from the *** study presents a modified distance regularized level set evolution segmentation method,incorporating regional intensity *** proposed method is implemented for segmenting ventricles from brain images for normal and atrophy subjects of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography *** of the proposed method were compared with ground truth images and produced sensitivity in the range of 65%–90%,specificity in the range of 98%–99%,and accuracy in the range of 95%–98%.Peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index were also used as performance measures for determining segmentation accuracy:95%and 0.95,*** parameters of level set formulation vary for different *** optimization procedure was followed to fine tune *** proposed method was found to be efficient and robust against noisy *** proposed method is adaptive and multimodal.

关键词： Ventricles atrophy Segmentation Level set Diagnosis

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Helicobacter pylori infection with atrophic gastritis: An independent risk factor for colorectal adenomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第37期26卷 5682-5692页

作者： Qin-Fen Chen Xiao-Dong Zhou Dan-Hong Fang En-Guang Zhang Chun-Jing Lin Xiao-Zhen Feng Na Wang Jian-Sheng Wu Dan Wang Wei-Hong Lin Department of Physical Examination Medical Care Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Cardiovascular Medicine The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases of WenzhouThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The significance of Helicobacter pylori(***)infection and atrophic gastritis(AG)in the prevalence of colorectal adenomas has been examined in a limited number of ***,these studies reported disputed *** To investigate whether *** infection,AG,and ***-related AG increase the risk of colorectal *** This retrospective cross-sectional study included 6018 health-check *** relevant data for physical examination,laboratory testing,13C-urea breath testing,gastroscopy,colonoscopy and histopathological examination of gastric and colorectal biopsies were *** and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between ***-related AG and colorectal *** Overall,1012 subjects(16.8%)were diagnosed with colorectal adenomas,of whom 143(2.4%)had advanced *** the enrolled patients,the prevalence of *** infection and AG was observed as 49.5%(2981/6018)and 10.0%(602/6018),*** with *** infection had an elevated risk of colorectal adenomas(adjusted odds ratio[OR]of 1.220,95%confidence interval(CI):1.053-1.413,P=0.008)but no increased risk of advance adenomas(adjusted OR=1.303,95%CI:0.922-1.842,P=0.134).AG was significantly correlated to an increased risk of colorectal adenomas(unadjusted OR=1.668,95%CI:1.352-2.059,P<0.001;adjusted OR=1.237,95%CI:0.988-1.549,P=0.064).*** infection accompanied by AG was significantly associated with an increased risk of adenomas(adjusted OR=1.491,95%CI:1.103-2.015,P=0.009)and advanced adenomas(adjusted OR=1.910,95%CI:1.022-3.572,P=0.043).CONCLUSION ***-related AG was associated with a high risk of colorectal adenomas and advanced adenomas in Chinese individuals.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Gastritis atrophy Adenomas Colorectal Health-check

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Role of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Fibrosis of Denervated Skeletal Muscle

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Current Medical Science 2019年第3期39卷 419-425页

作者： Fei FENG Lu SHAN Jing-xiu DENG Ling-li LUO Qi-shun HUANG Department of Orthopaedics Central HospitalHuang gang 438000 China Department of Orthopaedics Suizhou Hospital Hubei University of Medicine Suizhou 430072China The 457# Hospital ofPLA Wuhan 430000China Department of Hand Surgery Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China

In order to investigate the role of the Notch signaling pathway in skeletal muscle fibrosis after nerve injury, 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided randomly into a control and two experimental groups. Group A served as controls without any treatment. Rats in groups B were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL PBS and those in group C were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL PBS+100 ymol/L, 0.2 mL N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]- S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT, a gamma-secretase inhibitor that suppresses Notch signaling) respectively, on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 in a model of denervation-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis by right sciatic nerve transection. Five rats from each group were euthanized on postoperative days 1, 7, 14, and 28 to collect the right gastrocnemii, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry test, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were performed to assess connective tissue hyperplasia and fibroblast density as well as expression of Notch 1, Jagged 1, and Notch downstream molecules Hes 1 and collagen I (COL I) on day 28. There was no significant difference in HE-stained fibroblast density between group B and C on postoperative day 1. However, fibroblast density was significantly higher in group B than in group C on postoperative days 7, 14, and 28. Notch 1, Jagged 1, Hes 1, and COL I proteins in the gastrocnemius were expressed at very low levels in group A but at high levels in group B. Expression levels of these proteins were significantly lower in group C than in group B (P<0.05), but they were higher in group C than in group A (P<0.05) on postoperative day 28. We are led to conclude that locking the Notch signaling pathway inhibits fibrosis progression of denervated skeletal muscle. Thus, it may be a new approach for treatment of fibrosis of denervated skeletal muscle.

关键词： Notch signaling pathway sciatic nerve skeletal muscle fibrosis N-[N-(3,5- difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester Notch 1 Jagged 1 Hes 1 collagen I denervated muscular atrophy

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Probe-based confocal endomicroscopy is accurate for differentiating gastric lesions in patients in a Western center

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2018年第5期30卷 546-552页

作者： adriana vaz safatle-ribeiro elisa ryoka baba rodrigo corsato scomparin sheila friedrich faraj marcelo simas de lima luciano lenz bruno costa martins carla gusmon fábio shiguehissa kawaguti caterina pennacchi bruno zilberstein ulysses ribeiro jr. fauze maluf-filho Endoscopy Unit of Department of Gastroenterology Sao Paulo Cancer Institute University of Sao Paulo Medical School (ICESP-HCFMUSP) Sao Paulo 01246-000 Brazil

Objective： Probe-based confoeal laser endomicroscopy （pCLE） technique may improve the diagnosis of gastric mucosal lesions allowing acquisition of high-resolution in vivo images at the cellular and mierovaseular levels. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of pCLE for the differential diagnosis of non-neoplastic and neoplastic gastric ***： Twenty gastric mucosal lesions from 10 patients were evaluated during endoscopic procedure and were examined by pCLE. Diagnostic pCLE was followed by biopsies or endoscopic resection of suspected lesions. A senior pathologist evaluated the specimens and was blinded to the pCLE ***： Patients＇ mean age was 68.3 （range, 42-83） years and six were men. Thirteen suspicious flat or elevated lesions （classified as 0-Is, 0-IIa or 0-IIa ＋ IIc） and seven pre-malignant lesions （atrophy and intestinal metaplasia） were evaluated. One patient was studied during his long-term follow-up after partial gastrectomy and presented severe atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and xanthomas at the stump mucosa. The location of gastric lesions was in the body （n=10 lesions）, the antrum （n=9） and the incisura angularis （n=1）. All neoplastic lesions and all but one benign lesion were properly diagnosed by pCLE. pCLE incorrectly diagnosed one small antrum lesion as adenoma, however the final diagnosis was intestinal metaplasia. The final histological diagnosis was neoplastic in 9 and benign lesions in 11. In this small case series, pCLE accuracy was 95% （19/20 lesions）.Conclusions： pCLE is accurate for real time histology of gastric lesions, pCLE may change the management of patients with gastric mucosal lesions, guiding biopsies and endoscopic resection, and avoiding further diagnostic workup or unnecessary therapy.

关键词： Probe-based confocal endomieroscopy gastric cancer intestinal metaplasia atrophy gastric adenoma endoscopic resection

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Identifying high-risk individuals for gastric cancer surveillance from western and eastern perspectives: Lessons to learn and possibility to develop an integrated approach for daily practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第27期25卷 3546-3562页

作者： Duc Trong Quach Toru Hiyama Takuji Gotoda Department of Internal Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh CityHo Chi Minh 70000Vietnam Health Service Center Hiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshima 739-8514Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyo 101-8309Japan

Current evidence shows that individuals with gastric dysplasia, severe and extensive gastric atrophy, extensive gastric intestinal metaplasia and the incomplete subtype of intestinal metaplasia are at high risk for gastric cancer(GC) development. There are several approaches to identifying these subjects,including noninvasive methods, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and *** main approach in Western countries is histology-based while that in Eastern countries with a high prevalence of GC is endoscopy-based. Regarding asymptomatic individuals, the key issues in selecting applicable approaches are the ability to reduce GC mortality and the cost-effectiveness of the approach. At present, population-based screening programs have only been applied in a few Asian countries with a high risk of GC. Pre-endoscopic risk assessment based on demographic and clinical features, such as ethnicity, age, gender, smoking and Helicobacter pylori status, is helpful for identifying subjects with high pre-test probability for a possibly cost-effective approach, especially in intermediate-and low-risk countries. Regarding symptomatic patients with indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the importance of opportunistic screening should be emphasized. The combination of endoscopic and histological approaches should always be considered as endoscopy provides a real-time assessment of the patient’s risk level. In addition, imaging enhanced endoscopy(IEE) has been shown to facilitate targeted biopsies resulting in better correlation between endoscopic and histological findings. Currently, the use of IEE is recommended for endoscopic examinations, and the Operative Link for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia or Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment grading systems are recommended for histological examinations whenever available. However,resource limitations are an important barrier in many regions worldwide. Thus,for an approach to be applicable in real-life practice, it should be not only

关键词： Gastric cancer Precancerous gastric lesions Dysplasia Gastric atrophy Chronic atrophic gastritis Intestinal metaplasia Surveillance Screening Costeffective

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Nearly-complete labial adhesions diagnosed with repetitive cystitis in postmenopausal women:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第35期10卷 12990-12995页

作者： Hyejin Kwon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Won Kwang University Sanbon HospitalWon Kwang University School of MedicineGunpo-si15865Gyeonggi-doSouth Korea

BACKGROUND Nearly-complete labial adhesions diagnosed with repetitive cystitis in postmenopausal women:A case report CASE SUMMARY The case of an 83-year-old woman who presented with dysuria,urination disorders,recurrent cystitis,and bacteriuria and was admitted to a private hospital after 1 mo of antibiotic treatment without improvement of her *** examination,labial adhesions were observed with nearly-complete labial fusion with a pinpoint *** was detected in urine analysis,and the urine culture test was positive for Escherichia ***,a parenteral antibiotic(Fosfomycin)and topical estrogen cream were ***,since the adhesion did not separate after 2 wk of treatment,surgical correction was ***,adhesiolysis was conducted with a blunt ***,hysteroscopy and cystoscopy were *** findings showed no abnormalities of the endometrium and endocervix,and the cystoscopic results were also ***,labiaplasty was completed to prevent adhesion *** month after the surgery,the discomfort while urinating was eliminated and the adhesion did not *** Labial adhesions in postmenopausal women cannot be successfully treated with estrogen creams,and surgical treatment should be considered.

关键词： Post menopause Genitalia,female Cystitis Gynecologic Surgical Procedures atrophy Urinary Retention Case report

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Compound heterozygous mutations in WFS1 cause atypical Wolfram syndrome

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第20期132卷 2508-2509页

作者： Yun-Di Pan Jun-Ling Fu Xin-Hua Xiao Department of Endocrinology NHC Key Laboratory of EndocrinologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China

To the Editor: Wolfram syndrome (WS, MIM 222300) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in WFS1 or CISD2 (WFS2). Its prevalence is estimated to be one in 160,000 to 770,000.[1] Patients usually present with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) at around 6 years old and then with optic atrophy (OA) at around 11 years old. Other symptoms, such as diabetes insipidus, sensorineural deafness, urinary tract abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric disorders, occur at older ages and affect a fraction of individuals.

关键词： urinary diabetes atrophy

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Clusterin: a multifaceted protein in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1438-1439页

作者： Hee-Jung Moon Sarah K.Herring Liqin Zhao Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of PharmacyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKSUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA Current address:Citoxlab A Charles River Company StilwellKSUSA

Late-onset Alzheimer 's disease(LOAD), the most common cause of dementia, currently affects 5.6 million Americans ages 65 and *** is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss in synaptic function, notable bioenergetic decline, increased neuronal death and brain atrophy, and significant cognitive *** the etiology of LOAD remains unknown, a treatment for LOAD has not yet been formulated, a fact that is clearly demonstrated by the more than 200 failed clinical trials.

关键词： Clusterin Alzheimer atrophy

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Neurolymphomatosis caused by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as isolated brachial plexopathy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第22期132卷 2762-2764页

作者： Heng Li Su-Shan Luo Chong-Bo Zhao Department of Neurology Jinan Central HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandong 250013China Department of Neurology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

To the Editor:A 66-year-old female complained of muscle weakness,numbness,and pain in her left shoulder and arm for 16 months,after which muscle atrophy and forearm swelling gradually *** admission,she had been diagnosed with brachial plexus neuritis and received intravenous methylprednisolone with 500 mg for 3 days,followed by a tapering of oral ***,she did not benefit much from the *** personal medical history and family history were not *** previous chest computed tomography(CT)scan and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans of her brain,cervical spinal cord,and brachial plexus[Figure 1A]were not remarkable.

关键词： brachial lymphoma atrophy

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