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Stigma and its impact on the families of former soldiers of the German armed Forces: An exploratory study

Military Medical Research 2019年第2期6卷 143-158页

作者： Katrin Schuy Simone Dors Loni Brants Marie Horzetzky Gerd Willmund Andreas Strohle Peter Zimmermann Heinrich Rau Stefan Siegel Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus ChariteMitteCharite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany Psychotraumazentrum Military Hospital10115BerlinGermany

Background: Military families who have a family member with a mental illness see themselves confronted with many demands. Stigmatization is one of these challenges. Stigmatization affects not only the individual who suffers from a mental illness but also other family members via stigma by association and vicarious stigma. Stigma by association occurs when mental illness stigma spills over to individuals associated with an individual with a mental illness. Vicarious stigma describes the suffering of family members when they note the impact of stigma on their relative with mental illness. As a societal phenomenon, stigma plays out in social interactions and might therefore influence the social networks of families. It is also associated with healthcare ***: Narrative interviews were conducted with 15 family members(partners, spouses, parents and children) of former soldiers of the German armed Forces with a service-induced mental illness. The transcribed interview data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, in which codes were formed and emerging themes were systemized. Relationships between stigma, the families’ reactions to it, its effects on their social relationships and its interference with their healthcare utilization were ***: This study provides a detailed description of how relatives of former German soldiers with mental health problems experience stigma by association and vicarious stigma. Their perceptions are shown in a model that describes stigma-related attitudes, reactions to them and their effects on the social relationships of former soldiers’ families. These families felt stigmatized because of the former soldiers’ mental illness(mental illness stigma) and the military context in which it occurred(former soldier stigma). They reacted with nondisclosure, anger, acceptance and self-blame. Stigma was associated with smaller and weaker social networks that were characterized by social exclusion, self-segregation a

关键词： Stigma by association Vicarious stigma Families Mental illness Veteran German armed Forces

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Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflict-affected regions:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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General Psychiatry 2024年第3期37卷 324-334页

作者： Syed Hassan Ahmed Aabia Zakai Maha Zahi Muhammad Youshay Jawad Rui Fu Michael Chaiton Dow University of Health Sciences KarachiPakistan Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada institute of Mental Health Policy Research The Center of Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada

Background Globally,populations afflicted by armed conflict are known to have high rates of mental health *** This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflictaffected *** This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.A literature search employing MEDLINE(R),Embase Classic+Embase,APA PsyclNFO,Ovid Healthstar,Journal@Ovid Full Text,Cochrane,PTSDpubs and CINAHL was conducted from inception until 19 March 2024 to identify relevant *** assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies,and a Comprehensive Meta-Analysiswas usedto conduct the statistical *** The search yielded 38595 articles,of which 57 were considered eligible for *** included studies comprised data from 64596 *** estimated a prevalence of 23.70%(95%CI 19.50%to28.40%)forPTSD symptomsand 25.60%(95%Cl 20.70%to 31.10%)for depressive features among war-afflicted *** subgroup analysis based on time since the war and the country's economic status revealed the highest prevalence for both PTSD and depressive symptoms was present during the years of war and in low/*** The results of this study provide conclusive evidence of the detrimental impacts of armed conflict on mental health ***,it is crucial to emphasise the significance of both physical and mental health in the aftermath of war and take appropriate humanistic measures to overcome challenges in the management of psychiatric illnesses.

关键词： analysis stress armed

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Rape and Medical Consequences among Girls and Women Victims during the Post-armed Conflict Context in Congo

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2019年第1期9卷 75-81页

作者： Ndziessi Gilbert Bintsene-Mpika Gickelle Aloumba Julius Axel Bileckot Richard Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Public Health Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Congo Infectious Diseases Services Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Congo Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

Rape is a criminal, aggressive and violent act to have sexual intercourse with a person without her consent. Few studies have been conducted on rape and sexual assaults related to armed conflict in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of rape and its medical consequences among victims during armed post-conflict period in Brazzaville from January to December 1999. Rape victim was defined as woman or girl having received medical care from January to December 1999 in care units following reporting having incident of rape. SPSS V 20 software was used for the analyses. A total of 1282 victims were assessed. We documented 106 post-rape pregnancies, of which 58 (54.7%) ended in abortion, 15 (14.2%) in miscarriage and 33 (31.1%) in childbirth. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were common, with 560 (44%) cases among the 1282 victims. Of these, 301 (23%) had trichomoniasis, 123 (10%) had salpingitis, 89 (7%) had vaginal candidiasis and 38 (3%) had gonorrhea. A large proportion of morbidity 362 (28%) was attributed to vulvovaginal injuries and traumatic pelvic pains. In conclusion, our study highlights that rape practice was common in context of armed conflict in Congo. Medical consequences were unwanted pregnancies leading to unsafe abortions, STIs and physical injuries. Results argue in favor of effective public health interventions for a better prevention and care of victims during and after armed conflict.

关键词： Rape armed Conflict Congo

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Economic and Political Aspects of Wars and armed Conflicts

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Chinese Business Review 2018年第8期17卷 421-429页

作者： Milena Palczewska War Studies University WarsawPoland

War,as a social phenomenon,is studied unofficially by most disciplines of social *** is due to the nature of the war itself,which is an extremely interdisciplinary *** common thought,war is associated exclusively with the science of history,but in its essence,this phenomenon also includes economics and political *** undeniably affects the political and economic processes in the state,both in a negative and positive ***,also the strategies of the state’s political activities and plans for economic development are conditioned by the occurrence of wars and armed conflicts.

关键词： economy politics war armed conflict polemology

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Rationale and design of the cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces study in Eastern Taiwan

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World Journal of Cardiology 2016年第8期8卷 464-471页

作者： Gen-Min Lin Yi-Hwei Li Chung-Jen Lee Jeng-Chuan Shiang Ko-Huan Lin Kai-Wen Chen Yu-Jung Chen Ching-Fen Wu Been-Sheng Lin Yun-Shun Yu Felicia Lin Fung-Ying Su Chih-Hung Wang Department of Public Health Tzu-Chi University Department of Medicine Hualien-Armed Forces General Hospital Department of Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center Department of Nursing Tzu-Chi College of Technology Department of Medicine Mennonite Christian Hospital

AIM To investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in a cohort of large voluntary arm forces in Taiwan. METHODS The cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces(CHIEF) is a retrospective cohort consisting of more than 4000 professional military members aged 18-50 years in Eastern Taiwan. All participants received history taking, physical examination, chest radiography, 12-lead electrocardiography, blood tests for cell counts and fasting glucose, lipid profiles, uric acid, renal function and liver function in the Hualien armed Forces General Hospital during 2014. In addition, participants were required to undergo two indoor resistant exercise tests including 2-min push-up and 2-min sit-up, both scored by infrared sensing, and one outdoor endurance 3000-m none weight-bearing running test, the main indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in the Military Physical Training and Testing Center in Eastern Taiwan in 2014. RESULTS Hospitalization events for cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, severe infectious disease, acute psychiatric illness, diabetes, orthopedic surgery and mortality will be identified in the National Insurance Research Database for 10 years. CONCLUSION CHIEF will be among the largest Eastern Asian armed forces cohort, in which physical status was strictly evaluated to follow up the hospitalization events for severe illness.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Hospitalization Voluntary armed forces

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Impact of the armed Conflict of 2015-2016 in Aden on Health Services and the Availability of Medicines

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Health 2017年第4期9卷 685-696页

作者： Zeyad Sallami Yasmin Kassim Jinisha Selvaraj Emma Parry George Winter Bronglais Hospital Aberystwyth Ceredigion Wales UK

To assess the impact of the armed conflict of 2015-2016 on the availability of medicines and health service in Aden Governorate whilst the rebels over-run the city. A cross sectional survey was done during the period, September-November 2016. The survey included 63 medicinal preparations as marker medicines in 142 public health facilities including private pharmacies. Direct questions and a retrospective study of the United Nations and other organizations that were working in area reporting were studied. I.V. fluids had the highest availability in the market whilst vaccines had the lowest average availability at 60%. Medicine prices were increased by 71%. The function of health facilities was almost on the verge of collapse. The four districts containing the main hospital and the medical stores were inaccessible and completely controlled by the rebels. Two out of six hospitals remain functional. Dengue and malaria rampantly spread and approximately 65,250 civilians were affected. The situation was further aggravated by the absence of basic services such as electricity, water and food.

关键词： armed Conflict Aden Yemen Affordability Availability Lifesaving Medicines

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Performance of risk stratification systems for gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A multicenter study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第10期25卷 1238-1247页

作者： Tao Chen Liang-Ying Ye Xing-Yu Feng Hai-Bo Qiu Peng Zhang Yi-Xin Luo Li-Yi Yuan Xin-Hua Chen Yan-Feng Hu Hao Liu Yong Li Kai-Xiong Tao Jiang Yu Guo-Xin Li Department of General Surgery Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Department of Gastroenterology Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Department of General Surgery Guangdong General HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Department of Gastric Surgery Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterSun Yatsen University Department of General Surgery Wuhan Union HospitalHuazhong University of Science and Technology

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumor type in the gastrointestinal system. Presently, various classification systems to prognosticate GISTs have been *** To evaluate the application value of four different risk stratification systems for *** Patients who were diagnosed with GISTs and underwent surgical resection at four hospitals from 1998 to 2015 were identified from a database. Risk of recurrence was stratified by the modified National Institute of Health(NIH)criteria, the armed Forces Institute of Pathology(AFIP) criteria, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center(MSKCC) prognostic nomogram, and the contour maps. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were established to compare the four abovementioned risk stratification systems based on the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS A total of 1303 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 55.77 ± 13.70 yr; 52.3% of the patients were male. The mean follow-up period was 64.91 ± 35.79 mo. Approximately 67.0% the tumors were located in the stomach, and 59.5% were smaller than 5 cm; 67.3% of the patients had a mitotic count ≤ 5/50 high-power fields(HPFs). Thirty-four tumors ruptured before and during surgery. Univariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size > 5 cm(P 5/50 HPFs(P < 0.05), non-gastric location(P < 0.05), and tumor rupture(P < 0.05) were significantly associated with increased recurrence rates. According to the ROC curve, the AFIP criteria showed the largest AUC(0.754).CONCLUSION According to our data, the AFIP criteria were associated with a larger AUC than the NIH modified criteria, the MSKCC nomogram, and the contour maps, which might indicate that the AFIP criteria have better accuracy to support therapeutic decision-making for patients with GISTs.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumors Risk stratification Prognosis Modified National Institute of Health criteria armed Forces Institute of Pathology criteria Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center prognostic nomogram Contour maps Gastrointestinal tumors

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Application of Newcastle disease virus in the treatment of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第16期7卷 2143-2154页

作者： Hui Song Li-Ping Zhong Jian He Yong Huang Yong-Xiang Zhao National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Medical University

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main reasons of tumor-related deaths *** present,the main treatment is surgery,but the results are unsatisfactory,and the prognosis is *** majority of patients die due to liver or lung metastasis or *** recent years,great progress has been made in the field of tumor gene therapy,providing a new treatment for combating *** oncolytic viruses selectively replicate almost exclusively in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and do not require integration into the host genome,they are safer,more effective and more attractive as oncolytic *** disease virus (NDV) is a natural RNA oncolytic *** NDV selectively infects tumor cells,the immune response induced by NDV’s envelope protein and intracellular factors can effectively kill the tumor without affecting normal *** genetic techniques make NDV a vector for gene *** the virus by inserting various exogenous genes or using NDV in combination with immunotherapy can also improve the anti-CRC capacity of NDV,and good results have been achieved in animal models and clinical treatment *** article reviews the molecular biological characteristics and oncolytic mechanism of NDV and discusses in vitro and in vivo experiments on NDV anti-CRC capacity and clinical *** conclusion,NDV is an excellent candidate for cancer treatment,but more preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed to ensure its safety and efficacy.

关键词： Newcastle disease virus Exogenous gene armed virus Oncolytic therapy Colorectal cancer

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Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against infectious diseases among crisis-affected populations: a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 8-26页

作者： Jonathan A.Polonsky Sangeeta Bhatia Keith Fraser Arran Hamlet Janetta Skarp Isaac J.Stopard Stéphane Hugonnet Laurent Kaiser Christian Lengeler Karl Blanchet Paul Spiegel World Health Organization GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Global Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics Imperial College LondonLondonUK Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Center for Humanitarian Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA

Background:Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease *** being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements,who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare,guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into *** therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal ***:We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility,acceptability,and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal *** performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised *** analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories:date of publication;geographical region of intervention;typology of crisis,shelter,modes of transmission,NPI,research design;study design;and study ***:Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed *** research used low quality study *** acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context *** general,simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water,sanitation and hygiene services,and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets,were both highly feasible and ***,financial,and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of *** engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of ***,measures that involve po

关键词： Disease outbreaks Communicable disease control Prevention & control Vulnerable populations Warfare and armed conflicts Disasters Relief work Poverty areas

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A Rising Star on World Stage

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Contemporary International Relations 1994年第5期4卷 12-14页

The birth of the new South Africa signifies the end of international isolation ofthe old racist regime, the return of the country to the global community anda rising role for the republic in African and world affairs. The old racist regime was a regional hegemonic power, the root cause of eviland instability in Southern Africa, It occupied Namibia for a long time,

关键词： Africa isolation return affairs instability birth regime virtually occupied armed

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