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Crop antiviral defense: Past and future perspective

Science China Life Sciences 2024年第12期67卷 2617-2634页

作者： Zhirui Yang Guangyao Li Yongliang Zhang Fangfang Li Tao Zhou Jian Ye Xianbing Wang Xiaoming Zhang Zongtao Sun Xiaorong Tao Ming Wu Jianguo Wu Yi Li The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life Sciences Peking University State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops Vector-borne Virus Research Center College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province Institute of Plant Virology Ningbo University Department of Plant Pathology The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural University

Viral pathogens not only threaten the health and life of humans and animals but also cause enormous crop yield losses and contribute to global food insecurity. To defend against viral pathogens, plants have evolved an intricate immune system to perceive and cope with such attacks. Although most of the fundamental studies were carried out in model plants, more recent research in crops has provided new insights into the antiviral strategies employed by crop plants. We summarize recent advances in understanding the biological roles of cellular receptors, RNA silencing, RNA decay, hormone signaling, autophagy, and ubiquitination in manipulating crop host-mediated antiviral responses. The potential functions of circular RNAs, the rhizosphere microbiome, and the foliar microbiome of crops in plant-virus interactions will be fascinating research directions in the future. These findings will be beneficial for the development of modern crop improvement strategies.

关键词： crops antiviral defense RNA silencing autophagy ubiquitin proteasome system

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Arabidopsis ENOR3 regulates RNAi-mediated antiviral defense

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2018年第1期45卷 33-40页

作者： Hua Gao Mai Yang Haitao Yang Yue Qin Biyun Zhu Gang Xu Chengyuan Xie Dewei Wu Xiaolin Zhang Wanxiang Li Jianbin Yan Susheng Song Tiancong Qi Shou-Wei Ding Daoxin Xie Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China

Viruses can infect host plants to cause severe diseases and substantial agricultural loss, while plants have evolved RNA interference （RNAi） strategy to defend against viral infection. Despite enormous efforts, only a few host proteins in RNAi pathway were shown to mediate antiviral defense, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase I （RDRI）, RDR6, DICER-LIKE 2 （DCL2） and DCL4. In this study, we carried out a genetic screen for antiviral factors of RNAi pathway in Arabidopsis rdr6 background via inoculation with a 2b- deficient Cucumber Mosaic Virus （CMV-△2b）. We identified a mutant susceptible to CMV-△2h, referred to as enhancer o ojrdr6 （enor） 3-1 rdr6, and found that ENOR3 encodes a functionally unknown protein with high homology to the mammalian Non Imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman （NIPA） magnesium transporters. ENOR3 inhibits accumulation of CMV-△2b and acts additively with RDR1, RDR6, DCL2 and DCL4 in antivira/ defense. These results uncover that ENOR3 is a key component in antiviral RNAi Dathwav, and provide new insights into antiviral immunity.

关键词： antiviral defense CMV-△2b DCL2/4 ENOR3 RDRI/6 RNAi

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Two viral proteins translated from one open reading frame target different layers of plant defense

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Plant Communications 2024年第4期5卷 177-193页

作者： Yuzhen Mei Tao Hu Yaqin Wang Rosa Lozano-Duran Xiuling Yang Xueping Zhou State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Biochemistry Center for Plant Molecular Biology(ZMBP)Eberhard Karls University72076 TubingenGermany

Multilayered defense responses are activated upon pathogen *** utilize a number of strategies to maximize the coding capacity of their small genomes and produce viral proteins for infection,including suppression of host ***,we reveal translation leakage as one of these strategies:two viral effec-tors encoded by tomato golden mosaic virus,chloroplast-localized C4(cC4)and membrane-associated C4(mC4),are translated from two in-frame start codons and function cooperatively to suppress ***4 localizes in chloroplasts,to which it recruits NbPUB4 to induce ubiquitination of the outer membrane;as a result,this organelle is degraded,and chloroplast-mediated defenses are ***,chloroplast-localized cC4 induces the production of singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),which in turn promotes translo-cation of the ^(1)O_(2) sensor NbMBS1 from the cytosol to the nucleus,where it activates expression of the CERK1 ***,an antiviral effect exerted by CERK1 is countered by mC4,localized at the plasma ***4,like cC4,recruits NbPUB4 and promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of CERK1,suppressing membrane-based,receptor-like kinase-dependent ***,this translation leakage strategy seems to be conserved in multiple viral species and is related to host *** suggests that stacking of different cellular antiviral responses could be an effective way to abrogate viral infection and engineer sustainable resistance to major crop viral diseases in thefield.

关键词： geminivirus C4 PUB4 CERK1 subcellular localization antiviral defense

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Coat protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus upregulates and interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,a negative regulator of plant autophagy,to promote virus infection

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第8期64卷 1631-1645页

作者： Erbo Niu Chaozheng Ye Wanying Zhao Hideki Kondo Yunfeng Wu Jianping Chen Ida Bagus Andika Liying Sun State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F UniversityXi'an 712100China Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityKurashiki 710‐0046Japan State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐products Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism involved in antiviral defense,but the strategies employed by plant viruses to counteract autophagy-related defense remain unknown for the majority of the ***,we describe how the Chinese wheat mosaic virus(CWMV,genus Furovirus)interferes with autophagy and enhances its infection in Nicotiana *** two-hybrid screening and in vivo/in vitro assays revealed that the 19 k Da coat protein(CP19 K)of CWMV interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases(GAPCs),negative regulators of autophagy,which bind autophagy-related protein 3(ATG3),a key factor in ***19 K also directly interacts with ATG3,possibly leading to the formation of a CP19 K–GAPC–ATG3 ***19 K–GAPC interaction appeared to intensify CP19 K–ATG3 ***,CP19 K expression upregulated GAPC gene transcripts and reduced autophagic ***,the silencing of GAPC genes in transgenic *** reduced CWMV accumulation,whereas CP19 K overexpression enhanced ***,our results suggest that CWMV CP19 K interferes with autophagy through the promotion and utilization of the GAPC role as a negative regulator of autophagy.

关键词： antiviral defense autophagy plant virus protein interaction viral coat protein

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Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第2期58卷 156-169页

作者： ZHANG QiYa GUI Jian-Fang State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over the last 30 years,aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world,but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic *** the last decade,a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified,and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically *** advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their ***,based on our research experience of more than 20 years,we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses,including iridoviruses,herpesviruses,reoviruses,and rhabdoviruses,and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus–host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.

关键词： aquaculture viral genome antiviral defense iridoviruses reoviruses rhabdoviruses herpesviruses host-virusinteractions

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Morphofunctional Characteristics of Pulmonary Surfactant System and Its Effect on Immune Cells in Influenza A (H1N1) Pathogenesis

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Open Journal of Pathology 2016年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： A. V. Kovner O. V. Potapova V. A. Shkurupy A. M. Shestopalov Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Novosibirsk Russia

There is an annual increase of influenza-related SARI cases in winter months. Despite the high relevance of this problem, influenza pathogenesis and the role of surfactant system and its SP-A (surfactant protein A) enzyme in antiviral defense remain poorly understood. SP-A activates macrophage M1 polarization and triggers an antiviral response due to the activation of T-cells and dendritic cells. Therefore, surfactant system is an important element of infection protection and a promising therapeutic target.

关键词： Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Pulmonary Surfactant system SP-A M1/M2 Macrophages antiviral defense

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A novel strategy to protect prokaryotic cells from virus infection

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Engineering Microbiology 2024年第2期4卷 104-106页

作者： Yoshizumi Ishino Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuoka 819-0395Japan Cell Biology Center Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyKanagawa 226-8503Japan Genome Editing Research Institute Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and TechnologyShiga 526-0829Japan

The recent discovery of the CRISPR-Cas-mediated acquired immunity system highlights the fact that our knowl-edge of phage/virus defense mechanisms encoded in bacterial and archaeal genomes is far from ***,new prokaryotic immune systems are now continually being discovered.A recent report described a novel glyco-sylase that recognizesα-glycosyl-hydroxymethyl cytosin(α-Glu-hmC),a modified base observed in the T4 phage genome,where it produces an abasic site,thereby inhibiting the phage propagation.

关键词： Prokaryotic immunity antiviral defense Glycosylase Modified base Functional screening

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