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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期22卷 526-532页

作者： Fatih Duman Fatma Ozturk Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of BiologyErciyes University

In order to understand its response towards nickel stress, watercress （Nasturtium officinale R. Br.） was exposed to nickel （1-25 mg/L） for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The accumulation and translocation of nickel were determined and the influence of nickel on biomass, protein content and enzymatic antioxidants was examined for both roots and leaves. It was determined that N. o fficinale could accumulate appreciable amounts of Ni in both roots and leaves. Nickel accumulated particularly in the roots of plants. Biomass increased at low nickel concentrations but certain measurable change was not found at high concentrations. Under stress conditions the antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated compared to control. An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at moderate exposure conditions followed by a decline at both roots and leaves. The maximum enzyme activities were observed at different exposure conditions. Our results showed that N. officinale had the capacity to overcome nickel-induced stress especially at moderate nickel exposure. Therefore, N. officinale may be used as a phytoremediator in moderately polluted aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： nickel accumulation antioxidative enzymes biomass watercress

Activity of Stress-related antioxidative enzymes in the Invasive Plant Crofton Weed(Eupatorium adenophorum)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第11期49卷 1555-1564页

作者： Ping Lu Wei-Guo Sang Ke-Ping Ma Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology and Environment Change Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Resources and Environmental Sciences College Northeast Agrfcultural University Harbin 150030 China

Crofton weed is an invasive weed in southwestern China. The activities of several antioxidative enzymes involved in plant protection against oxidative stress were assayed to determine physiological aspects of the crofton weed that might render the plant vulnerable to environmental stress. Stresses imposed on crofton weed were heat （progressively increasing temperatures： 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 38℃ and 42 ℃ at 24 h intervals）, cold （progressively decreasing temperatures： 25 ℃, 20 ℃, 15℃, 10 ℃ and 5℃ at 24h intervals）, and drought （without watering up to 4days）. The three stresses induced oxidative damage as evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation. The effect varied with the stress imposed and the length of exposure. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） increased in response to all stresses but was not significantly different from the controls （P 〈 0.05） when exposed to cold stress. Catalase （CAT） activity decreased in response to heat and drought stress but increased when exposed to cold conditions. Guaiacol peroxidase （POD） and glutathione reductase （GR） activities increased in response to cold and drought but decreased in response to heat stress. The activity of ascorbata peroxidase （APX） responded differently to all three stresses. Monodehydroascorbate reductase （MDHAR） activity decreased in response to heat and drought, and slightly increased in response to the cold stress but was not significantly different from the controls （P 〈 0.05）. The activity of dehydroascorbata reductase （DHAR） increased in response to all three stresses. Taken together, the co-ordinate increase of the oxygen-detoxifying enzymes might be more effective to protect crofton weed from the accumulation of oxygen radicals at low temperatures rather than at high temperatures.

关键词： antioxidative enzymes crofton weed invasive plant stress.

Changes of antioxidative enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Leaves and Roots of Waterlogging-Tolerant and Waterlogging-Sensitive Maize Genotypes at Seedling Stage

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第5期9卷 651-661页

作者： TANG Bin XU Shang-zhong ZOU Xi-ling ZHENG Yong-lian QIU Fa-zhan National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China

To better understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance, waterlogging effects on lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidative enzymes were investigated in leaves and roots of two maize genotypes, HZ32 （waterlogging-tolerant） and K12 （waterlogging-sensitive）. Potted maize plants were waterlogged at the second leaf stage under glasshouse conditions. Leaves and roots were harvested 1 d before and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 d after the start of waterlogging treatment. Through comparing the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, glutathione reductase （GR）, catalase （CAT） and guaiacol peroxidase （POD） between waterlogging-tolerant and waterloggingsensitive genotype, we deduced that CAT was the most important H2O2 scavenging enzyme in leaves, while APX seemed to play a key role in roots. POD, APX, GR and CAT activities in conjunction with SOD seem to play an essential protective role in the O2^- and H2O2 scavenging process. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced significantly only in K12 （P 〈 0.001） and there was no difference （P 〉 0.05） in HZ32 up to 6 d after waterlogging stress. These results indicated that oxidative stress may play an important role in waterlogging-stressed maize plants and that the greater protection of HZ32 leaves and roots from waterlogging-induced oxidative damage results, at least in part, through the maintenance of increased antioxidant enzyme activity.

关键词： antioxidative enzymes lipid peroxidation maize (Zea mays L.) seedling stage waterlogging stress

Changes of Proline Content,Activity,and Active Isoforms of antioxidative enzymes in Two Alfalfa Cultivars Under Salt Stress

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第4期8卷 431-440页

作者： WANG Xiao-shan HAN Jian-guo Institute of Grassland Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R.China

The plants of two elfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） cultivars differing in salt tolerance were subjected to three salt treatments, 70, 140, and 210 mM NaCl for 7 days. Root, shoot, and leaf growths were inhibited by increased salt treatments in both cultivars, and at 140 and 210 mM salt treatments, Zhongmu 1 had significantly higher root, shoot, and leaf dry weights per plant than Deft. The malondialdehyde （MDA） accumulation in Deft was considerably greater than in Zhongmu 1, indicating a higher degree of lipid peroxidation at 140 and 210 mM salt treatments. The changes in the activity and active isoforms of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase （SOD, EC 1.***.1.1）, catalase （CAT, EC 1.***.1.6）, peroxidase （POD, EC 1.***.1.7）, and ascorbate peroxidase （APOX, EC 1.11,1.11）, accumulation of free proline, and rate of lipid peroxidation in leaves of two alfalfa cultivars were also investigated. After stress, the activity and active isoforms of antioxidative enzymes were altered and the extent of alteration varied between the cultivar Deft and Zhongmu 1. The proline accumulation in Deft was considerably greater than in Zhongmu 1 at 210 mM salt treatment. This indicated that proline accumulation may be the result, instead of the cause, of salt tolerance.

关键词： antioxidative enzymes proline Medicago sativa L. lipid peroxidation salt stress

Contribution of antioxidative enzymes and Anoxia Responsive Genes to Submergence Tolerance in Rice: A Review

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第9期18卷 1569-1574页

作者： Toheed ANWAR Xiaoxue LIU Aibing HU Wenying ZHANG Le XU Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies Yangtze University Jingzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Flooding/submergence of rice fields is a severe problem in South and South-East Asia, affecting more than 20 million hectares of rice every year. Submergence creates hypoxic or anoxic condition causing poor germination, seedling establishment,and enormous yield loss. Standing water in the field from weeks to months also leads to significant yield losses when large part of aerial tissues is under water. For flash flooding, a rice variety FR1A3 with tolerant gene(SUB1A) was identified. SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 have been identified for their ability to survive deep-water flooding by rapid elongation. Submergence stress has also been reported to adversely affect cell division and damage cellular and organelle membranes. Research on antioxidative enzymes response and genes that confer tolerance to prolonged flooding is in progress. Here we review the different anoxia responsive genes and the potential involvement of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, which occur in cells of rice plant exposed to submergence stress.

关键词： Submergence stress Submergence responsive gene antioxidative enzymes

Effect of Low Light Stress on Photosynthetic Pigments and antioxidative enzymes in Field Grown Indian Mustard(Brassica juncea L.)Genotypes

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2021年第2期11卷 61-72页

作者： Kirandeep Kaur Pushp Sharma Department of Botany Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004India Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004India

Oilseed Brassicas have prominent place after soybean and *** than 90%of the area under oilseed Brassicas is occupied by the Indian mustard(Brassica juncea)because of its relative tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses as compared to other oilseed Brassica *** plays key a role in net primary productivity and is necessary for plant growth,morphogenesis and several physiological *** present investigation aimed to assess the effect of low light stress on photosynthetic traits and antioxidative enzymes in Brassica juncea *** was imposed with nets from mid-December to mid-January which cut 25%-30%of natural *** period coincided with the onset of *** results showed that chlorophyll b and antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),guaiacol-peroxidase(G-POD)and catalase(CAT)increased under low light stress at two stages of investigations(10 and 30 days after removal of nets).With shading treatment,soil plant analysis development(SPAD)chlorophyll meter values,chlorophyll a,total chlorophyll,chlorophyll a/b ratio,carotenoid and protein content decreased significantly while malondialdehyde content increased due to damages of plant *** study provides valuable information for further deciphering genetic mechanism and improving agronomic traits in Indian mustard cultivated under optimal light requirements.

关键词： Photosynthesis antioxidative enzymes chlorophyll carotenoid malondialdehyde Brassicas

Grafting Raises the Cu Tolerance of Cucumber Through Protecting Roots Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Cu Stress

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第5期12卷 815-824页

作者： ZHANG Zi-kun LI Hua HE Hong-jun LIU Shi-qi Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine plant growth, reactive oxygen species （ROS） metabolism in roots and functions of plasma membrane （PM） and tonoplast in cucumber seedlings （Cucumis sativus L. ev. Xintaimici） treated with 40 μmol L^-1 CuSO4·5H2O, which were either ungrafted or grafted onto the rootstock （Cucurbitaficifolia）. Cu treatment inhibited growth, induced significant accumulation of H2O2 and led to serious lipid peroxidation in cucumber roots, and the ROS-scavenging enzymes activities in grafted seedlings roots were significantly higher than that of ungrafted plants, thus less accumulation in grafted cucumber roots induced by Cu. As a result, lipid peroxidation in roots decreased. Furthermore, the activities of H^-ATPase, H＋-PPase and Ca^2＋-ATPase in PM and/or tonoplast in grafted cucumber seedlings under Cu stress were obviously higher than that in ungrafted plants, resulting into higher ability in grafted plants to expulse the excess H＋, promote the cytoplasm alkalinization, regulate the intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration and brought the cytoplasma concentration of free Ca2＋ to extremely low level under Cu stress.

关键词： copper stress grafted cucumber seedling antioxidative enzymes plasma membrane tonoplast

Grafting Enhances Copper Tolerance of Cucumber Through Regulating Nutrient Uptake and antioxidative System

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第12期9卷 1758-1770页

作者： ZHANG Zi-kun LI Hua ZHAG Yu HUANG Zhi-jun CHEN Kun LIU Shi-qi College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology Ministry of Agriculture Tai 'an 271018 P.R.China Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Science Dezhou 253015 P.R.China

An experiment was carried out to determine plant growth, mineral uptake, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes, and antioxidant of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xintaimici） under copper stress, either ungrafted or grafted onto the rootstock （Cucurbitaficifolia）. Excess Cu inhibited growth, photosynthesis, and pigment synthesis of grafted and ungrafted cucumber seedlings and significantly increased accumulation of Cu in roots besides reducing mineral uptake. Cu concentration in roots of grafted cucumber plants was significantly higher than that of ungrafted plants and obviously lower in leaves. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） significantly increased in cucumber leaves under Cu stress and resulted in lipid peroxidation, and the levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation were greatly decreased by grafting. Activities of protective enzymes （superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione reductase, GR） and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione in leaves of grafted plants were significantly higher than those of ungrafted plants under Cu stress. Better performance of grafted cucumber plants were attributed to the higher ability of Cu accumulation in their roots, better nutrient status, and the effective scavenging system of ROS.

关键词： copper stress grafted cucumber seedling mineral content antioxidative enzymes antioxidant

Isolation and physiological characteristics of a premature senescence mutant in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第8期6卷 803-811页

作者：李付振金松恒胡国成付亚萍斯华敏蒋德安孙宗修 State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry School of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006 China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry School of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006 China

A rice pse（t）（premature senescence, tentatively） mutant line, was isolated from 4500 independent T-DNA inserted transgenic lines. The symptoms of premature senescence appeared more severely than those of the control plants （Zhonghua 11, japonica） at the last development stage. To characterize the mutant and provide basic information on the candidate genes by mapping to a physical region of 220-kb, experiments were carried out in two phytotrons under controlled temperature of 24 ℃ and 28 ℃, respectively. The content of chlorophyll, soluble protein and MDA （malondialdehyde）, net photosynthesis, the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD （superoxide dismuase）（EC 1.***.1.1 ） and POD （peroxidase）（EC 1.***.1.7） and the peptidase activities of leaves were measured from top to bottom according to the leaf positions at the flowering stage. Compared with the control plant, the mutant showed the following characteristics：（1） Higher net photosynthesis rate （Pn） appeared in the 1st and 2nd leaves, contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein were also higher in the 1st leaf; （2） The activities of SOD, POD and peptidase were higher according to the leaf position from top to bottom; （3） The symptom of premature senescence was accelerated in the mutant at 28 ℃ treatment. The MDA content and the SOD and POD activities between the 24 ℃ and 28 ℃ treatment mutants were not significantly different. Content of chlorophyll and soluble protein of leaves mutant decreased rapidly at 28 ℃ treatment. The results show thatpse（t） is sensitive to high temperature. The probable function of PSE（T） is discussed.

关键词： antioxidative enzymes Net photosynthesis rate Peptidase Phytotron Premature senescence mutant Rice (Oryzasativa L.)

High Potassium Aggravates the Oxidative Stress Inducedy by Magnesium Deficiency in Rice Leaves

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 316-327页

作者： DING Yu-Chuan CHANG Chun-Rong LUO Wen WU Yan-Shou REN Xiao-Li WANG Ping XU Guo-Hua State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 （China）. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Taiyuan 030031 （China） Agronomy College South China University of Tropical Agriculture Danzhou 571737 （China）

Magnesium （Mg） deficiency in plant affects photosynthesis and many other metabolic processes. Rice （Oryza sativa L. cv. ＇Wuyunjing 7＇） plants were grown in hydroponics culture at three Mg and two potassium （K） levels under greenhouse conditions to examine the induction of oxidative stress and consequent antioxidant responses in rice leaves due to Mg deficiency. At low Mg （0.2 mmol L 1 Mg supply for two weeks after transplanting） and high K （6 mmol L^-1） for 21 days, the rice plants showed severe Mg deficiency and a significant decreases in the dry matter production. The Mg deficiency in leaves decreased chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic activity, and soluble protein, but significantly increased the concentrations of soluble sugars and malondialdchyde （MDA） and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOLD, EC 1.***.1.1）, catalase （CAT, EC 1.***.1.6） and peroxidase （POD, EC 1.***.1.7）. In addition, Mg concentrations in the leaves and in the shoot biomass were negatively related to the activities of the three antioxidative enzymes and the concentration of MDA in leaves. There were very significant interactive effects between Mg and K supplied in the culture solution on shoot biomass yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD, and MDA content in the leaves of rice. It is suggested that the high K level in the nutrient solution aggravated the effect of low Mg supply-induced Mg deficiency and created the oxidative damage in rice plants.

关键词： antioxidative enzymes magnesium nutrients interaction Oryza sativa L. potassium