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Evaluation of the gastrointestinal anti-motility effect of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract:A mechanistic study of antidiarrheal activity

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第6期11卷 776-782页

作者： Blessing O.Omolaso Francis S.Oluwole Olugbenga A.Odukanmi Julius K.Adesanwo Ahmed A.Ishola Kayode E.Adewole Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Medical SciencesOndo City340001Ondo StateNigeria Department of Physiology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadan200001Nigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife230001Osun StateNigeria Central Research Laboratories Limited University Road IlorinKwara State240001Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Medical Sciences340001Ondo StateNigeria

Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal problem associated with fatal *** is a huge public health concern that requires better alternatives to current *** study investigated the mechanisms involved in the antidiarrheal activity of Anacardium occidentale(Ao) stem bark extract,a plant commonly used in the management of diarrhea in *** stem bark extract of the plant was partitioned into three fractions:hexane fraction,ethyl acetate fraction(Ao EF) and methanol *** vitro studies on the effect of these fractions on guinea pig ileum(GPI) strips,as well as the modulatory effect of Ao EF on standard agonists-and antagonists-induced GPI contraction and relaxation,revealed Ao EF as the most active *** vivo studies to assess the effect of Ao EF on the dopaminergic,muscarinic,and serotonergic pathways were carried out using gastric emptying(GE) and gastrointestinal transit(GT) as experimental end *** EF was subjected to GC-MS analysis,while the identified compounds were docked with the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3(CHRM3) using Autodock *** indicated that Ao EF inhibited GE and GT via inhibition of *** addition,GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in Ao EF,while docking indicated that octadecanoic acid 2-(2-hydroxylethoxy)ethyl ester exhibited the highest binding affinity to *** study indicated that the antidiarrheal activity of Ao is through its antimotility effect via the inhibition of the muscarinic *** since none of the identified compounds exhibited higher binding affinity to CHRM3 relative to loperamide,the antimotility activity of these phytoconstituents may be via synergism.

关键词： Anacardium occidentale antidiarrheal Muscarinic receptor Gastric emptying Gut motility GC-MS analysis

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Ethanol Extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch:antidiarrheal Activity in Mice and Contraction Effect in Isolated Rabbit Jejunum

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第4期29卷 325-332页

作者： WEN Jing ZHANG Jian-wu LYU Yuan-xia ZHANG Hui DENG Kai-xi CHEN Hong-xue WEI Ying Department of Pharmacy North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuan Province 637100China

Objective:To evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch root(GFR)in vivo and jejunal contraction in ***:In vivo,50 mice were divided into negative control,positive control(verapamil),low-,medium-and high-dose GFR(250,500,1,000 mg/kg)groups by a random number table,10 mice in each *** antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil-induced diarrhea mice model by evacuation index(El).In vitro,the effects of GFR(0.01,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3,and 10 g/L)on the spontaneous contraction of isolated smooth muscle of rabbit jejunum and contraction of pretreated by Acetylcholine(ACh,10μmol/L)and KCl(60 mmol/L)were observed for 200 *** addition,CaCl_(2)was accumulated to further study its mechanism after pretreating jejunal smooth muscle with GFR(1 and 3 g/L)or verapamil(0.03 and 0.1μmol/L)in a Ca^(2+)-free-high-K+solution containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA).Results:GFR(500 and 1,000 mg/kg)significantly reduced El in castor oil-induced diarrhea model mice(Pantidiarrheal effects may be based on blocking L-type Ca^(2+) channels and muscarinic receptors.

关键词： Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch antidiarrheal spasmolysis Chinese medicine

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antidiarrheal effects of hydromethanolic extract of Combretum dolichopetalum leaves in mice

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第11期 910-913页

作者： Samuel Okwudili Onoja Nkeiruka Emmanuela Udeh Department of Veterinary Physiology PharmacologyBiochemistry and Animal Health and ProductionCollege of Veterinary MedicineMicheal Okpara University of AgriculturePMB 7267UmudikeAbia StateNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the hydromethanolic extract of Combretum dolichopetalum(***)***:The antidiarrheal activity of the hydromethanolic extract of *** leaves was evaluated by inducing diarrhea with castor oil,testing small intestinal motility and establishing enteropooling models in *** groups of animals were used for each model and were treated as follows:Group A received 10 mL/kg of distilled water,and Group B received loperamide(5 mg/kg)while Groups C,D,E received 50,100 and 200 mg/kg of hydromethanolic *** extract,***:The pre-treatment of the mice with the extract(50,100 and 200 mg/kg)caused a significantly dose-dependent decrease in the mean percentage of wet faeces(P0.05),compared with the negative ***:The study shows that *** leaves possess antidiarrheal activity and validate its use in ethnomedicine for that purpose.

关键词： antidiarrheal Loperamide Castor oil Charcoal meal Enteropooling

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antidiarrheal and phytochemical constituents of methanol extracts of some plants in Saudi Arabia

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2015年第S1期29卷 112-112页

作者： KhaledB.AlHARBi IbrahimM.El-ASHMAWY Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Qassim University Buraidah 51452 P. O. 6622 AI-Qassim Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects and the phytochemical constituents of methanol extracts of some plants used traditionally in kingdom of Saudi Arabia using castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility test using charcoal meal method were *** The methanolic extracts were initially assayed for their effects in castor oil-induced diarrhea at different doses(250and 500mg·kg-1 followed by their evaluation on the peristaltic movements in charcoal meal *** The results of the present study indicates that,administration of the following methanol plant extracts;Rhazya stricta,Heliotropium bacciferum,Tribulus longipetalus,Achillea fragrantissima,Artemisia herba alba,Haloxylon salicornicum,Plantago coronopus,Cyperus conglomerates,Hordeum distichon,Eragrostis poaeoides,Astragalus spinosus,Lepidium sativum seeds induced a higher percentages of inhibition of ***,the administration of Rhanterium epapposum,Moltkiopsis ciliate,Lasiurus hirsutus,Deverra triradiata,Lycium *** spinosus,Echinops hussoni,and Prosopis farcta were the least *** antidiarrheal effects of these plants might be due to their high contents of flavonoids and *** It could be concluded that,the remarkable antidiarrheal effects of these plants attest to their utility in a wide range of stats of diarrhea.

关键词： antidiarrheal diarrhea plant extracts charcoal mea

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Pharmacological evaluation of smooth muscle relaxant and cardiac-modulation potential of Phyla nodiflora in ex-vivo and in-vivo experiments

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第12期10卷 1146-1153页

作者： Hafiz Muhammad Abdur Rahman Khaled Ahmed Muhammad Fawad Rasool Imran Imran Faculty of Pharmacy Bahauddin Zakariya University60800MultanPakistan

Objective: To investigate the pharmacological basis of its uses of Phyla nodiflora(P. nodiflora) for the treatment of anomalies predominantly by smooth muscle containing tissues such as gastrointestinal/vascular/broncho spasm and cardiovascular ***: The crude hydroalcoholic extract of P. nodiflora(***) and its fractions were evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum, rat trachea, aorta and atrium. To access the contractile or relaxant effects of testing materials, the tissues were mounted in isolated organ bath and responses were recorded with transducers coupled with data acquisition ***/c mice were challenged with castor oil for the assessment of in-vivo antidiarrheal activity. Normotensive rats were used for in-vivo hypotensive ***: Hydroalcoholic extract of *** at variable concentrations inhibited the natural spontaneous rhythm and 80 mmol/L K^+ mediated contractions in isolated segment of jejunum with EC_(50) values of 3.18 and 1.91 mg/mL respectively. Verapamil, a Ca^(2+) channel blocker, demonstrated akin pattern in jejunum and therefore possibly suggesting calcium blocking activity. On isolated rat tracheal tissue, *** showed relaxation of high-K^+and carbachol mediated contractions(EC_(50) values: 1.24 and 2.42 mg/mL). *** treatment relaxed the rat aortic ring in a cumulative doses with high-K^+ and phenylephrine-induced contractions(EC_(50) values 0.25 and 0.92 mg/mL). Activity based fractionation of *** showed that dichloromethane fraction was more potent for relaxing the tissues spasm compared to aqueous fraction. In-vivo experiments, significant protection by ***(P < 0.05) was observed in castor oil-induced diarrhea(50–500 mg/kg)whereas hypotensive effect in anesthetized rats was seen at the dose range of 1–10 mg/kg of ***(P < 0.05).Conclusion: This study suggests the blockage of calcium channel in the smooth muscles as a pharmacological application to make usage of P. nodiflora in the management of diarrhea, as

关键词： Phyla nodiflora Calcium channel blocking activity antidiarrheal Antiasthmatic Hypotensive

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Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Baliospermum solanifolium Leaf Extract

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第1期4卷 69-75页

作者： Amit Mazumder Rabindra Nath Acharyya Milton Kumar Kundu Pritam Kundu Md.Amirul Islam Md.Mustafizur Rahman Pharmacy Discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna-9208Bangladesh

Background:Baliospermum solanifolium is a traditional medicinal plant,locally known as“dantigaacha”from Eu-phorbiaceae family,and has been used in different diseases treatments likes helminthiasis,skin diseases,diabetes,snake-bite,and ***:Depending on the traditional uses of *** and the lack of scientific works,we aimed to conduct some pharmacological tests on its ***:Active constituents of *** were assessed by qualitative ***(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)was used for free radical scavenging *** change and mortality rate were used as indicators to assess the toxicity of *** antidiabetic potential was evaluated by oral glucose toler-ance test(OGTT)and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory *** antidiarrheal activity,castor oil-induced mice were *** test was carried out by disk diffusion assay and MIC ***,analgesic activity was done by acetic acid-induced writhing ***:*** contains alkaloids,carbohydrates,glycosides,flavonoids,tannis,phenolics *** toxicity test ensured the safety of the *** DPPH,the extract showed antioxidant activity with an IC50(con-centration needed to scavenge 50%DPPH)value of 61.65μg/*** phenolic,flavonoid and tannin contents were determined as 124 mg GAE/g,440 mg QE/g and 344 mg GAE/g dried extract,*** OGTT,the ex-tract reduced the blood glucose level *** the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity,the plant showed a concentration-dependent reduction of the enzyme at IC50 of 8.53 mg/*** the antidiarrheal test,*** inhibit defecation 30.69%and 53.41%at dose 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg,*** extract also showed antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains in the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concen-tration(MIC)values were 62.5μg/mL,62.5μg/mL,125μg/mL and 62.5μg/mL against four bacterial strains,*** an

关键词： Baliospermum solanifolium Antioxidant Antidiabetic antidiarrheal Antibacterial Analgesic

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Safety, Tolerability and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of “Diarra”, a Preparation of Medicinal Plants Used in Ivorian Traditional Medicine

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第10期14卷 428-440页

作者： Kouakou Etienne Effo Yacouba Adebo Adehouni Gbongué Eric Tia Amenan Geneviève Irié-N’Guessan N’Doua Gisèle Kouakou Siransy Department of Pharmacology Clinical and Therapeutic Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Background: “Diarra”, a traditional herbal remedy made from five (5) medicinal plants, might be endowed with anti-diarrhoeal properties according to its owner. However, scientific evidence of its safety, tolerability and activity has not been established. Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability and anti-diarrhoeal activity of “Diarra” in experimental rats. Materials and Methods: Safety was assessed by acute (OECD 423) and sub-acute (OECD 407) toxicity studies at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Clinical tolerability was assessed for 28 days. On day 29, a blood sample was taken to evaluate biological tolerability. The anti-diarrhoeal activity was investigated in a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. Rats were given the remedy at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg and then castor oil 1 hour later. They were observed for 4 hours and diarrhoeal stools were collected. The Percentage of diarrhoeal inhibition was calculated. Results: A single dose of “Diarra” at a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not induce any lethality, behavioural or weight change in rats for 14 days. When administered once daily for 28 days, “Diarra” did not cause lethality or significant behavioural disorders or significant weight loss in rats. No biological disorders were observed. The treatment of rats with “Diarra” at doses of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg in a single administration inhibited the occurrence of diarrhoeal stools. The respective percentages of inhibition were 60%, 50% and 62%, similar to those of loperamide at a dose of 2 mg/kg (68%). Conclusion: “Diarra” has an anti-diarrheal activity in rats. It is also safe to use this remedy as such.

关键词： Safety Tolerability antidiarrheal Diarra Traditional Medicine

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