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Projections of heat-related excess mortality in China due to climate change,population and Aging

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第11期17卷 145-155页

作者： Zhao Liu Si Gao Wenjia Cai Zongyi Li Can Wang Xing Chen Zhiyuan Ma Zijian Zhao School of Airport Economics and Management Beijing Institute of Economics and ManagementBeijing 100102China Department of Earth System Science Institute for Global Change StudiesMinistry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory BirdsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKLESPC) and School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization(GEIDCO) Beijing 100052China

Climate change is one of the biggest health threats of the 21st century.Although China is the biggest developing country,with a large population and different climate types,its projections of large-scale heat-related excess mortality remain understudied.In particular,the effects of climate change on Aging populations have not been well studied,and may result in significantly underestimation of heat effects.In this study,we took four climate change scenarios of Tier-1 in CMIP6,which were combinations of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs).We used the exposure-response functions derived from previous studies combined with baseline age-specific non-accidental mortality rates to project heat-related excess mortality.Then,we employed the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)method to decompose the impacts of climate change,population growth,and Aging on heat-related excess mortality.Finally,we multiplied the heat-related Years of Life Lost(YLL)with the Value of a Statistical Life Year(VSLY)to quantify the economic burden of premature mortality.We found that the heat-related excess mortality would be concentrated in central China and in the densely populated south-eastern coastal regions.When Aging is considered,heat-related excess mortality will become 2.8–6.7 times than that without considering Aging in 2081–2100 under different scenarios.The contribution analysis showed that the effect of Aging on heat-related deaths would be much higher than that of climate change.Our findings highlighted that Aging would lead to a severe increase of heat-related deaths and suggesting that regional-specific policies should be formulated in response to heat-related risks.

关键词： Heat-related excess mortality LMDI Aging YLL VSLY

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Aging properties and Aging mechanism of activated waste rubber powder modified asphalt binder based on rheological properties and micro-characterization

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 625-636页

作者： Peipei KONG Gang XU Liuxu FU Xianhua CHEN Wei WEI School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

The research and development of high-performance pavement materials has been intensified owing to the demand for long-life pavements.This study is performed to develop a novel pavement material using waste rubber powder,waste lubricating by-product(LBP),and asphalt.Subsequently,the Aging properties and Aging mechanism of activated waste rubber powder modified asphalt(ARMA)are investigated based on its rheological properties and microcharacterization.The rheological results show that,compared with waste rubber powder modified asphalt(RMA),ARMA offers a higher Aging resistance and a longer fatigue life.A comparison and analysis of the rheological Aging parameters of ARMA and RMA show that LBP activation diminishes the Aging sensitivity of ARMA.The microcharacterization result shows that the Aging of ARMA may be caused by the fact that LBP-activated waste rubber powder is more reactive and can form a dense colloidal structure with asphalt.Therefore,the evaporation loss of asphalt light components by heat and the damage to the colloidal structure by oxygen during the Aging process are impeded,and the thermal-oxidative Aging resistance of ARMA is improved.

关键词： rubber powder modified asphalt Aging mechanism rheological characterization

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Subclinical hearing loss associated with Aging

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Journal of Otology 2023年第3期18卷 111-117页

作者： Cristian Aedo-Sanchez Jose Oliveros Constanza Aranguiz Camila Munoz Claudia Lazo-Maturana Enzo Aguilar-Vidal Departamento de Tecnología Médica Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileChile Escuela de Tecnología Médica Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileChile

Objective:Contribute to clarifying the existence of subclinical hearing deficits associated with Aging.Design:In this work,we study and compare the auditory perceptual and electrophysiological performance of normal-hearing young and adult subjects(tonal audiometry,high-frequency tone threshold,a triplet of digits in noise,and click-evoked auditory brainstem response).Study sample:45 normal hearing volunteers were evaluated and divided into two groups according to age.27 subjects were included in the“young group”(mean 22.1 years),and 18 subjects(mean 42.22 years)were included in the“adult group.”Results:In the perceptual tests,the adult group presented significantly worse tonal thresholds in the high frequencies(12 and 16 kHz)and worse performance in the digit triplet tests in noise.In the electrophysiological test using the auditory brainstem response technique,the adult group presented significantly lower I and V wave amplitudes and higher V wave latencies at the supra-threshold level.At the threshold level,we observed a significantly higher latency in wave V in the adult group.In addition,in the partial correlation analysis,controlling for the hearing level,we observed a relationship(negative)between age and speech in noise performance and high-frequency thresholds.No significant association was observed between age and the auditory brainstem response.Conclusion:The results are compatible with subclinical hearing loss associated with Aging.

关键词： Age-related hearing loss Cochlear synaptopathy Auditory electrophysiology Speech perception Aging

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Pharmacological manipulation of macrophage autophagy effectively rejuvenates the regenerative potential of biodegrading vascular graft in Aging body

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第5期7卷 283-299页

作者： Wanli Chen Weiwei Xiao Xuzheng Liu Pingping Yuan Siqian Zhang Yinggang Wang Wei Wu State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology Department of Oral&Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiChina School&Hospital of Stomatology Tongji UniversityShanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration399 Middle Yanchang RoadShanghai 200072China

Declined regenerative potential and aggravated inflammation upon Aging create an inappropriate environment for arterial regeneration.Macrophages are one of vital effector cells in the immune microenvironment,especially during biomaterials mediated repairing process.Here,we revealed that the macrophage autophagy decreased with Aging,which led to aggravated inflammation,thereby causing poor vascular remodeling of artificial grafts in Aging body.Through loading the autophagy-targeted drugs,rapamycin and 3-MA(3-methyladenine),in PCL(polycaprolactone)sheath of the PGS(poly glycerol sebacate)-PCL vascular graft,the essential role of macrophage autophagy was confirmed in regulating macrophage polarization and biomaterial degradation.Moreover,the utilization of rapamycin promoted anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophage by activating autophagy,which further promoted myogenic differentiation of vascular progenitor cells and accelerated endothelialization.Our study elucidated the contribution of pharmacological manipulation of macrophage autophagy in promoting regeneration of small caliber artery,which may pave a new avenue for clinical translation of vascular grafts in Aging body.

关键词： Autophagy Macrophages Inflammation Aging Fast-degradation materials

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Nature can still be the strongest help against Aging and neurodegeneration:the sirtuins way

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1271-1272页

作者： David Della-Morte Francesca Pacifici Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome“Tor Vergata”RomeItaly Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion San Raffaele Roma Open UniversityIRCCS San Raffaele RomaRomeItaly Department of Neurology and Evelyn F.McKnight Brain Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Unfortunately,ag ing is not a reversible phenomenon and the processes of senescence are unavoidable.However,the biological effects of Aging may be turned back,and with those,it can be reduced risk of all age-related illnesses,such as cardiovascular diseases,cancer,diabetes,and neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and Parkinson’s diseases(PD).In the latest decades,scientists worldwide therefore have developed several strategies,either natural or pharmacological,to counteract Aging phenomena,with the final goal to improve human life expectancy.The main scientific rationale beyond these strategies focuses on the opportunity to reduce chronic low-grade inflammation(inflammAging),the increase in oxidative stress damage,and the impairment in the immune system,all typical mechanisms of senescence(Verdaguer et al.,2012).

关键词： diseases Aging inflammation

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Microstructural evolution and enhanced mechanical properties of Mg?Gd?Y?Zn?Zr alloy via centrifugal casting, ring-rolling and Aging

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 131-141页

作者： Zhenduo Ma Guo Li Qiang Peng Xiaodong Peng Daolun Chen HanzhuZhang Yan Yang Guobing Wei Weidong Xie International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys(Ministry of Education) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Department of'Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson UniversityTorontoOntario M5B 2K3Canada Industrial engineering institute Ningxia PolytechnicNingxia 750021China

A ring-shaped Mg?8.5 Gd?4 Y?1 Zn?0.4 Zr(wt%) alloy was manufactured via centrifugal casting and ring-rolling process. The effects of accumulative ring-rolling reduction amount on the microstructure, texture, and tensile properties of the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure of centrifugal cast alloy consists of equiaxed grains and network-like eutectic structure present at grain boundaries. The ring-rolled alloy exhibits a characteristic bimodal microstructure composed of fine dynamic recrystallized(DRXed) grains with weak basal texture and coarse un-DRXed grains with strong basal texture, along with the presence of LPSO phase. With increasing amount of accumulative ring-rolling reduction, the coarse un-DRXed grains are refined via the formation of increasing amount of fine DRXed grains. Meanwhile, the dynamic precipitation of Mg5 RE phase occurs, generating a dispersion strengthening effect. A superior combination of strength and ductility is achieved in the ring-rolled alloy after an accumulative rolling reduction of 80%. The tensile strength of this ring-rolled alloy after peak Aging is further enhanced, reaching 511 MPa, while keeping a reasonable ductility. The salient strengthening mechanisms identified include the grain boundary strengthening of fine DRXed grains, dispersion strengthening of dynamic precipitated Mg;RE phase, short fiber strengthening of LPSO lamellae/rods, and precipitation strengthening of nano-sized prismatic β precipitates and basal γ precipitates.

关键词： High strength magnesium alloy Centrifugal casting Ring rolling Aging Mechanical property

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Identification of parameter to assess cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures subjected to Aging and moisture conditioning

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第2期9卷 293-304页

作者： Bhaskar Pratim Das Anjan Kumar Siddagangaiah Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuiuahati 781039India

This study comprehensively evaluated different parameters based on tensile strength testing to assess the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures subjected to Aging and moisture conditioning.For this purpose,two sources of aggregates were selected to produce hot and warm mix asphalt mixtures.Asphalt mixtures were subjected to short term and long term Aging,three levels of moisture conditioning(freeze thaw cycles),and tested at two temperatures(15℃and 25℃).The load-displacement data was used to determine the fracture work density,fracture energy,toughness index,cracking resistance index,cracking tolerance index,and rate dependent cracking index.It was noticed that moisture conditioning increased the variability of the different parameters.The cracking tolerance index and rate dependent cracking index parameter had a much higher coefficient of variation(Co V)with a maximum value close to 50%.Indirect tensile strength,fracture energy,and fracture work density appropriately captured the effect of moisture on cracking resistance of mixtures.The cracking resistance index,cracking tolerance index,and rate dependent cracking index increased with an increase in the moisture conditioning level.The Statistical analysis showed that tensile strength,fracture work density,and fracture energy were significantly influenced by different Aging and moisture conditions evaluated.Fracture energy showed better association with fatigue life of asphalt mixtures subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles compared to tensile strength.Further,the fatigue life prediction models showed that both indirect tensile strength and fracture energy significantly influence the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures subjected to Aging and moisture conditioning.

关键词： Cracking resistance Aging Moisture Warm mix additive Fatigue life

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Activatable photoacoustic bioprobe for visual detection of Aging in vivo

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 324-329页

作者： Zihong Li Jie Cheng Ping Huang Guoliang Wu Weiying Lin Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

Aging is a natural physiological process with various challenges, related to the loss of homeostasis within the organism, which is not a disease, but a significantly strong risk factor for multiple diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, some age-related cancers, macular degeneration, osteoarthritis, neurodegeneration, and many others. In the body, the main manifestation of Aging is cellular Aging, which exists within tissues and has a local or global impact on tissue function. However, the lack of effective Aging detection tools has always been an issue that cannot be ignored in the field of Aging research. Therefore,it is necessary to construct a non-invasive tool for in vivo detection of Aging. Here, we show that the photoacoustic probe(LGAL), which has peak excitation and emission wavelengths in the near-infrared optical window, binds in vivo and at high contrast to the hallmark of Aging, and allows for the microscopic imAging of Aging through the intact mice. Firstly, this tool LGAL has been successfully applied to detect senescence in cells, displaying stronger photoacoustic signals than normal cells. Then, by using the photoacoustic probe, the blood vessels and tissues inside the mice can be visualized. Young and elderly mice exhibit varying intensities of photoacoustic signals, marking the first time a probe has been used to explore the Aging of blood vessels and tissues inside the mice. Finally, we monitored the changes in the degree of Aging during tumor treatment under photoacoustic(PA) imAging for the first time. As the treatment time increased, the degree of Aging of the tumor gradually deepened. We expect the powerful tool could be a noninvasive and powerful tool for the study of Aging biology.

关键词： Near-infrared Photoacoustic Aging Senescence Tumor Sa-β-gal

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Aging and rejuvenation during high-temperature deformation in a metallic glass

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第10期65卷 93-100页

作者： Langting Zhang Yunjiang Wang Yong Yang Jichao Qiao School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical University(NPU)Xi’an 710072China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Innovation Center NPU-ChongqingChongqing 401135China

High-temperature deformation has been demonstrated as an effective measure to rejuvenate and optimize the mechanical properties of metallic glasses(MGs).Clarifying the competition between Aging and rejuvenation during high-temperature deformation is helpful in rejuvenating MGs accurately.Signatures of Aging and rejuvenation in a La_(30)Ce_(30)Ni_(10)Al_(20)Co_(10)MG were investigated via high-temperature deformation and mechanical relaxation.The coupling of thermal history,Aging,and mechanical disordering determines the transient deformation and the structural state of MGs.The stress overshoot and anelastic deformation induce structural rejuvenation,increasing the concentration of defects and erasing thermal history.Therefore,the eventually steady-state condition is dependent on ambient temperature and strain rate instead of the initial structure.Furthermore,the one-to-one relationship between defect concentration and strain rate clarifies the structural nature of rejuvenation in amorphous materials.Such a relationship also contributes toward a comprehensive understanding of the structural rejuvenation behavior in amorphous materials.

关键词： metallic glass Aging rejuvenation homogenous flow free volume

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Correlation between boson peak and thermal expansion manifested by physical Aging and high pressure

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第4期65卷 72-77页

作者： Rongjie Xue Linzhi Zhao Yunqi Cai Jiaojiao Yi Jinguang Cheng Ping Wen Weihua Wang Mingxiang Pan Haiyang Bai Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Materials Engineering Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou 213001China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

We investigate the effects of high pressure and physical Aging on the boson peak and thermal expansion of a typical metallic glass. Specifically, the thermal expansion coefficient and boson peak intensity monotonically decrease during physical Aging.With the increase of high pressure, the boson peak intensity and the thermal expansion coefficient coincidently experience an incipient decrease and then a subsequent increase. The boson peak intensity shows an approximately linear relationship with the thermal expansion coefficient. The thermal expansion can be affected by structural relaxation or rejuvenation, which can reflect the flow units variation and atomic packing of a metallic glass. Our results indicate a direct link between structural relaxation or rejuvenation and fast boson peak dynamics, providing insights into the boson peak behavior and structural heterogeneity of metallic glasses.

关键词： metallic glass thermal expansion boson peak high pressure Aging

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