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A Kinetic Study on the Control of Nitrogen in Molten Slag and Metal

Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2011年第S2期18卷 301-309页

作者： Seung Min HAN Dong Joon Min Technical Research Laboratories POSCO Pohang 790-785 KOREA Department of Materials Science and Engineering YONSEI University Seoul 120-749 KOREA

Nitrogen can easily contaminate molten steel during the steelmaking process and due to the low nitrogen capacity in slag, it is difficult to remove entrapped nitrogen from liquid steel. Degassing is often done to the steel at secondary steelmaking to lower the nitrogen content, but the control can often be kinetically limited by the steel grade and also the slag composition. Thus, a fundamental understanding of nitrogen dissolution into molten slag and metal including the rate of nitrogen dissolution can help in controlling nitrogen content in the final *** kinetics of nitrogen dissolution in the molten calcium aluminate based slags and in molten steel with various element additions was investigated by measuring the 14N-15N isotope exchange reaction using a mass spectrometer at 1873 *** show that effect of elements on the rate constant of nitrogen dissolution such as Ni in Fe is relatively minimal similar to molybdenum. The surface rate constant of nitrogen dissolution in liquid Fe-10%Ni alloy was found to be 3.77×10-5 (mol/cm2·s·atm).The rate constant of nitrogen dissolution in the CaO-Al2O3-CaF2 slag was found to be wedge shaped, which decreased with increasing CaF2 to about 20 mol% followed by an increase through the rest of the CaF2 composition range. This was related to the effect of CaF2 on the structure of Al-O bonds for this slag.

关键词： rate constant slag structure molten steel isotope exchange technique adsorption coefficient nitrogen surface dissolution

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A solid-phase extraction approach for the identification of pharmaceutical–sludge adsorption mechanisms

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014年第2期4卷 117-124页

作者： Laurence Berthod Gary Roberts Graham A.Mills AstraZeneca Brixham Environmental Laboratory Freshwater QuarryBrixhamDevon TQ5 8BAUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouthHampshirePO1 2DTUK

It is important to understand the adsorption mechanism of chemicals and active pharmaceu-tical ingredients （API） on sewage sludge since wastewater treatment plants are the last barrier before the release of these compounds to the environment. adsorption models were developed considering mostly hydrophobic API-sludge interaction. They have poor predictive ability, especially with ionisable compounds. This work proposes a solid-phase extraction （SPE） approach to estimate rapidly the API-sludge interaction. Sludge-filled SPE cartridges could not be percolated with API spiked mobile phases so different powders were tested as SPE sludge supports. Polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） was selected and tested at different PTFE/sludge ratios under eight different adsorption conditions with three API ionisable compounds. The PTFE/sludge mixtures with 50% or less sludge could be used in SPE mode for API sorption studies with methanol/water liquid phases. The results gave insights into API-sludge interactions. It was found that π-π, hydrogen-bonding and charge-charge interactions were as important as hydrophobicity in the adsorption mechanism of charged APIs on sludge.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Sewage sludge adsorption coefficient Binding Solid-phase extraction Polytetrafl uoroethylene

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