A solid-phase extraction approach for the identification of pharmaceutical–sludge adsorption mechanisms

作     者：Laurence Berthod Gary Roberts Graham A.Mills 

作者机构：AstraZeneca Brixham Environmental LaboratoryFreshwater QuarryBrixhamDevon TQ5 8BAUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthHampshirePO1 2DTUK 

出 版 物：《Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis》 (药物分析学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2014年第4卷第2期

页      面：117-124页

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1007[医学-药学(可授医学、理学学位)] 083002[工学-环境工程] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 1002[医学-临床医学] 0817[工学-化学工程与技术] 08[工学] 0703[理学-化学] 0702[理学-物理学] 

基　　金：funded by the Biothechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as part of an industrial Collaboration Award in Science and Engineering between University of Portsmouth and AstraZeneca's Brixham Environmental Laboratory Devon UK 

主　　题：Pharmaceuticals Sewage sludge Adsorption coefficient Binding Solid-phase extraction Polytetrafl uoroethylene 

摘      要：It is important to understand the adsorption mechanism of chemicals and active pharmaceu-tical ingredients （API） on sewage sludge since wastewater treatment plants are the last barrier before the release of these compounds to the environment. Adsorption models were developed considering mostly hydrophobic API-sludge interaction. They have poor predictive ability, especially with ionisable compounds. This work proposes a solid-phase extraction （SPE） approach to estimate rapidly the API-sludge interaction. Sludge-filled SPE cartridges could not be percolated with API spiked mobile phases so different powders were tested as SPE sludge supports. Polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） was selected and tested at different PTFE/sludge ratios under eight different adsorption conditions with three API ionisable compounds. The PTFE/sludge mixtures with 50% or less sludge could be used in SPE mode for API sorption studies with methanol/water liquid phases. The results gave insights into API-sludge interactions. It was found that π-π, hydrogen-bonding and charge-charge interactions were as important as hydrophobicity in the adsorption mechanism of charged APIs on sludge.