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Optimization of Shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring Sites in the Identification of Boundaries of Different Water Quality Grades

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第4期17卷 846-854页

作者： FAN Haimei GAO Bingbo WANG Jinfeng QIN Xiaoguang LIU Pengxia HU Maogui XU Peng East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center State Oceanic AdministrationShanghai 201206China Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agricultur Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China State Key Laboratory of Resources&Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences&Nature Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 1O0101China

Water quality is critical to ensure that marine resources and the environment are utilized in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the optimum placement of marine environmental monitoring sites to monitor water quality in Shanghai, China. To improve the mapping or estimation accuracy of the areas with different water quality grades, the monitoring sites were fixed in transition bands between areas of different grades rather than in other positions. Following bidirectional optimization method, first, 18 candidate sites were selected by filtering out specific site categories. Second, three of these were, in turn, eliminated because of the rule defined by the changes in the areas of water quality grades and by the standard deviation of the interpolation errors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and phosphate(PO_4-P). Furthermore, indicator kriging was employed to depict the transition bands between different water quality grades whenever new sampling sites were added. The four optimization projects of the newly added sites reveal that, all optimized sites were distributed in the transition bands of different water grades, and at the same time in the areas where the historical sites were sparsely distributed. New sites were also found in the overlap region of different transition bands. Additional sites were especially required in these regions to discriminate the boundaries of different water quality grades. Using the bidirectional optimization method of the monitoring sites, the boundaries of different water quality grades could be determined with a higher precision. As a result, the interpolation errors of DIN and PO_4-P could theoretically decrease.

关键词： bidirectional optimization method boundaries of water quality grades Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent areas transition bands indicator kriging

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Development and Application of CRISPR/Cas System in Rice

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Rice science 2019年第2期26卷 69-76,I0004-I0006页

作者： REN Jun HU Xixun WANG Kejian WANG Chun State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

In the past several years, the CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas(CRISPR-associated protein) system has been harnessed as an efficient and powerful tool for targeted genome editing in different prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. Here, we review the development and application of CRISPR/Cas system in rice, emphasizing different varieties of CRISPR/Cas systems have been applied, strategies for multiplex editing, methods for precise gene insertion and replacement, and efficient systems for base editing and site-specific transcriptional regulation. In addition, the biosecurity of CRISPR/Cas system is also discussed, including transgene-free methods and off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas system. Thus, the development and application of CRISPR/Cas system will have significant impact on functional genomic research and variety improvement in rice.

关键词： rice CRISPR Cas genome editing protospacer adjacent motif

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Modeling the land surface reflectance for optical remote sensing data in rugged terrain

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第8期51卷 1169-1178页

作者： WEN JianGuang LIU QinHuo XIAO Qing LIU Qiang LI XiaoWen State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science jointly sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100101China Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100029China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

A model for topographic correction and land surface reflectance estimation for optical remote sensing data in rugged terrian is *** a directional-directional reflectance that is used for direct solar irradiance correction and a hemispheric-directional reflectance that is used for atmospheric diffuse irradiance and terrain background reflected irradiance correction respectively,the directional reflectance-based model for topographic effects removing and land surface reflectance calculation is developed by deducing the directional reflectance with topographic effects and using a radiative transfer model.A canopy reflectance simulated by GOMS model and Landsat/TM raw data covering Jiangxi rugged area were taken to validate the performance of the model presented in the *** validation results show that the model presented here has a remarkable ability to correct topography and estimate land surface reflectance and also provides a technique method for sequently quantitative remote sensing application in terrain area.

关键词： bidirectional reflectance topographic/atmospheric correction sky diffuse irradiance adjacent terrain-reflected irradiance rugged area

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IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ras RELATED PROTEINS WITH ANTISERUM AGAINST PEPTIDE FRAGMENT OF ras ONCOPROTEIN P21 (56—66) IN HUMAN CANCER TISSUES

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1989年第12期34卷 1049-1053页

作者：张红陈韵能钮经义李士谔林原刘彤华 Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry Academia Sinica Beijing Union Medical College Hospital and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

The c-ras and its product P21 have been shown to play an important role in the initiation and development of some malignancies. The activation of c-ras may be associated with two mechanisms: (ⅰ) a point mutation of the codon at position 12 or 61 of the genome leading to a single amino acid alteration in the corresponding product P21; (ⅱ) enhanced expression of ras family encode proteins with

关键词： ras oncoprotein P21 immunocytochemical analysis human primary cancer adjacent tissue.

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An overview of structure-soil-structure dynamic interaction research

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Journal of Chongqing University 2011年第3期10卷 101-112页

作者：王淮峰 Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction Tongji University

The concept of structure-soil-structure dynamic interaction was introduced and the research methods were *** on lots of documents,a systematic summary of the history and current situation of structure-soil-structure dynamic interaction research considering adjacent structures was proposed as reference for *** existing matter and the prospect of future research trend in this field was also examined.

关键词： soil-structure interaction (SSI) structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) dynamic cross interaction (DCI) foundation-soil-foundation interaction (FSFI) adjacent structure

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Minimum Amount of Extracting Solvent of a Separation of Two Rare Earth Components

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2014年第12期4卷 275-283页

作者： Fuxiang Cheng Sheng Wu Yan Liu Songling Wang Bo Zhang Chunsheng Liao Chunhua Yan China Minmetals (Beijing) Research Institute of RE Co. Ltd. Beijing China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications PKU-HKU Joint Lab on Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry Peking University Beijing China

A significant development in the theory of countercurrent extraction will be presented in this article. New expressions of the term in countercurrent extraction process analysis, “adjacent Stage Impurity Ratio” (ASIR), are deduced. Furthermore, based on the term together with mass balance and extraction equilibrium, the conditions where a given countercurrent extraction separation operation can have minimum amounts of both extracting solvent and scrubbing agent solution can be estimated, and the equations of the two minimum amounts can be deduced. It was found that the equations for a two-component separation using a single aqueous or organic feed are exactly the same as they appeared in the theory initially established in 1970s. Unlike its earlier version, the present derivation does not involve feed-stage-composition hypothesis, and also has the advantage of dealing with a double-feed system where both aqueous and organic feeds are simultaneously employed whereas the earlier theory can only analyze a separation using a single aqueous or organic feed.

关键词： Theory of Countercurrent Extraction Minimum Amount of Extracting Solvent Two-Component Separation adjacent Stage Impurity Ratio

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Log-Link Regression Models for Ordinal Responses

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Open Journal of Statistics 2013年第4期3卷 16-25页

作者： Christopher L. Blizzard Stephen J. Quinn Jana D. Canary David W. Hosmer Department of Public Health University of Massachusetts Amherst USA Flinders Clinical Effectiveness Flinders University Adelaide Australia Menzies Research Institute Tasmania University of Tasmania Hobart Australia

The adjacent-categories, continuation-ratio and proportional odds logit-link regression models provide useful extensions of the multinomial logistic model to ordinal response data. We propose fitting these models with a logarithmic link to allow estimation of different forms of the risk ratio. Each of the resulting ordinal response log-link models is a constrained version of the log multinomial model, the log-link counterpart of the multinomial logistic model. These models can be estimated using software that allows the user to specify the log likelihood as the objective function to be maximized and to impose constraints on the parameter estimates. In example data with a dichotomous covariate, the unconstrained models produced valid coefficient estimates and standard errors, and the constrained models produced plausible results. Models with a single continuous covariate performed well in data simulations, with low bias and mean squared error on average and appropriate confidence interval coverage in admissible solutions. In an application to real data, practical aspects of the fitting of the models are investigated. We conclude that it is feasible to obtain adjusted estimates of the risk ratio for ordinal outcome data.

关键词： Ordinal Risk Ratio Multinomial Likelihood Logarithmic Link Log Multinomial Regression adjacent Categories Continuation-Ratio Proportional Odds Ordinal Logistic Regression

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The Crust-Mantle Structure in Zhangbei-Shangyi Earthquake Area

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Earthquake Research in China 1999年第4期13卷 59-68页

作者： Zhu Zhiping, Zhang Jianshi, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Liu Mingqing, and Nie WenyingResearch Center of Exploration Geophysics, CSB, Zhengzhou 450002, China

The seismic data obtained from the wide angle reflection and refraction profiles that pass through Zhangjiakou area of Hebei Province were interpreted. Some conclusions drawn from the result are as follows: (1) The nearly EW-trending Zhangbei-Chongli crustal fault zone and WNW-trending Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone meet in the Zhangbei earthquake (Ms = 6.2) area; (2) At the intersection, the two deep crustal fault zones that stretch to the Moho and the discontinuities of interfaces within the crust form the path for large area basalt eruption in Hannuoba; (3) In the earthquake area, the local velocity reversal in the middle-upper crust and abnormal low velocity zone in the lower crust imply that the magmatic activity there is still fairly violent; and (4) The recent activity of Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone may be the main cause of the Zhangbei earthquake.

关键词： Zhangbei and adjacent area crust-upper mantle velocity structure deep crustal fault wide angle reflection and refraction.

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Coordinated Control of Traffic Signals for Multiple Intersections

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第13期5卷 2042-2049页

作者： Liqiang Fan Department of Information and Computing Science Langfang Teachers University Langfang China

The proper phase difference of traffic signals for adjacent intersections could decrease the time of operational delay. Some theorems show how to minimize the total average delay time for vehicle operating at adjacent intersections under given conditions. If the distance and signal cycles of adjacent intersections satisfy with specific conditions, the total average delay time would achieve zero. If the signal cycles of adjacent intersections and the phase difference of them are co-prime numbers, the total average delay time would be a constant. In general, if signal cycles of adjacent intersections and the phase difference of them are reducible numbers, the minimum total average delay time would be solved by the given algorithm. Numerical experiments have verified the rationality of these theorems.

关键词： Coordinated Control adjacent Intersections Phase Difference Average Delay Time

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Review: Plant Genome Editing Targeted by RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease CRISPR/Cas9

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3460-3474页

作者： Norimoto Murai Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology College of Agriculture and AgCenter Biotechnology Laboratory Louisiana Ex-periment Station LSU Agricultural Center Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

This review chronicles the development of the research on CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/CRISPR associated protein 9) during the last 30 years from the discovery of CRISPR sequence, of biological significance and of the molecular mechanism for adaptive bacterial immunity. It describes recent works on structural and functional diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems, and on three-dimensional structure-based improvements of on-target specificity of CRISPR/Cas9 and Cpf1 endonucleases. The review ends with the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to targeted editing of plant genomes. Importantly, plant commodities modified by CRISPR-Cas9 have not been considered as genetically modified organisms (GMO) as long as foreign DNAs from plant pests were not introduced, according to the recent determination by the USDA.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/CRISPR Associated Protein 9) on- and off-Target Sequences PAM (Protospacer adjacent Motif)

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