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Monsoon boosted radiation of the endemic East Asian carps

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第3期66卷 563-578页

作者： Chenguang Feng Kun Wang Wenjie Xu Liandong Yang Kunyuan Wanghe Ning Sun Baosheng Wu Feixiang Wu Lei Yang Qiang Qiu Xiaoni Gan Yiyu Chen Shunping He State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota of Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA National Natural Science Foundation of China Beijing 100085China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Major historical events often trigger the rapid flourishing of a few lineages,which in turn shape established biodiversity *** did this process occur and develop?This study provides a window into this *** endemic East Asian carps(EEAC)dominated the ichthyofauna of East Asia and exhibited a high degree of adaptation to monsoonal river-lake ecosystems.A series of evidence,including ecogeography,phylogenetics,and macroevolution,suggests that the EEAC is a lineage that arose with the East Asian monsoon and thrived intimately with subsequent monsoon *** further deduce the evolution of the EEAC and find that a range of historical events in the monsoon setting(e.g.,marine transgression and regression and glacial-interglacial cycle)have further reshaped the distribution patterns of EEAC’s *** genomics analyses reveal that introgressions during the initial period of EEAC radiation and innovations in the regulation of the brain and nervous system may have aided their adaptation to river-lake ecosystems in a monsoon setting,which boosted ***,this study strengthens knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of freshwater fishes in East Asia and provides a model case for understanding the impact of major historical events on the evolution of biota.

关键词： adaptive radiation Xenocyprididae east Asian monsoon genomes macroevolution phylogenomics

Divergent foraging behavior in a hybrid zone： Darwin＇s tree finches （Camarhynchus spp.） on Floreana Island

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 181-190页

作者： Katharina J. PETERS Sonia KLEINDORFER School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia

Hybrid speciation is increasingly recognized as a mechanism for novel evolutionary trajectories. However, we know very little about the ecology of a contact zone that has arisen in sympatry. This study examines the foraging behavior and fitness of two species of Darwin＇s tree finches （Camarhynchus parvulus, C pauper） and hybrid offspring on Floreana Island. Previous study showed that the percentage of hybrids in the tree finch population increased from 19% in 2005 to 41% in 2010, and their body and beak size increased by -5% （parental phenotype did not change）. In 2005-2006, all three tree finch groups （two paren- tal species and hybrid birds） used the same foraging substrate, technique, and height. By 2010-2013, the small tree finch C. par- vulus had changed its foraging technique and the medium tree finch C. pauper had changed its foraging height. Both parental species had higher body condition when foraging at （divergent） mean foraging heights per species but hybrid birds did not. We discuss the implications of conserving forest to facilitate vertical niche expansion and the role of hybridization for genetic persis- tence [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 181-190, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Speciation adaptive radiation Conservation Scalesia Ecological niche

Inducible competitors and adaptive diversification

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 537-552页

作者： Beren W. ROBINSON David W. PFENNIG Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W 1 Canada Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Identifying the causes of diversification is central to evolutionary biology. The ecological theory of adaptive diversi- fication holds that the evolution of phenotypic differences between populations and species--and the formation of new spe- cies-stems from divergent natural selection, often arising from competitive interactions. Although increasing evidence suggests that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate this process, it is not generally appreciated that competitively mediated selection often also provides ideal conditions for phenotypic plasticity to evolve in the first place. Here, we discuss how competition plays at least two key roles in adaptive diversification depending on its pattern. First, heterogenous competition initially generates heterogeneity in resource use that favors adaptive plasticity in the form of ＂inducible competitors＂. Second, once such competitively induced plas- ticity evolves, its capacity to rapidly generate phenotypic variation and expose phenotypes to alternate selective regimes allows populations to respond readily to selection favoring diversification, as may occur when competition generates steady diversifying selection that permanently drives the evolutionary divergence of populations that use different resources. Thus, competition plays two important roles in adaptive diversification---one well-known and the other only now emerging--mediated through its effect on the evolution ofphenotypic plasticity

关键词： Phenotypic plasticity Competition adaptive radiation Character displacement Genetic assimilation Resourcepolymorphism

Universal soldier： Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- an opportunistic generalist

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第4期8卷 387-394页

作者： Jeremy GROSS Ian J. PASSMORE Jade C. S. CHUNG Olena RZHEPISHEVSKA Madeleine RAMSTEDT Martin WELCH Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1QW UK Department of Chemistry Umed University Umed 901 87 Sweden

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly causes chronic and ultimately deadly lung infections in individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis （CF）. P. aeruginosa is metabolically diverse; it displays a remarkable ability to adapt to and successfully occupy almost any niche, including the ecologically complex CF lung. These P. aeruginosa lung infections are a fascinating example of microbial evolution within a ＂natural＂ ecosystem. Initially, P. aeruginosa shares the lung niche with a plethora of other microorganisms and is vulnerable to antibiotic challenges. Over time, adaptive evolution leads to certain commonly-observed phenotypic changes within the P. aeruginosa population, some of which render it resistant to antibiotics and apparently help it to out-compete the other species that co-habit the airways. Improving genomics techniques continue to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms of P. aeruginosa within the CF lung and will hopefully identify new vulnerabilities in this robust and versatile pathogen.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis evolution adaptive radiation antibiotic resistance quorum sensing

Phenotypic plasticity Gasterosteus aculeatus ence in captivity of the threespine stickleback telencephalon in response to experi-

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 189-210页

Threespine stickleback were used to examine phenotypic plasticity of telencephala in relation to inferred ecology. Fish from derived, allopatric, freshwater populations were sampled from three shallow, structurally complex lakes with ben- thic-foraging stickleback （benthics） and from three deep, structurally simple lakes with planktivores （limnetics）. The telencepha- Ion of specimens preserved immediately after capture （field-preserved）, field-caught fish held in aquaria for 90 days （lab-held）, and lab-bred fish from crosses and raised in aquaria were compared. Field-preserved sea-run （ancestral） stickleback were col- lected from two separate sites, and parents of lab-bred sea-run stickleback were collected from one of these sites. In field-preserved and lab-held fish, the telencephala of limnetics exhibited triangular dorsal shape, while those of benthics and sea-run fish had rounder shapes. No such pattern was detected in lab-bred fish. Within each treatment type, benthics had larger relative telencephalon sizes, using overall brain size as the covariate, than limnetics. Among field-preserved samples, sea-run fish had smaller telencephalon sizes than lake fish. Intra-population analyses of lake samples showed that field-preserved fish consis- tently had larger relative telencephalon sizes than lab-bred fish. The opposite was true of the sea-run population. In a separate study using one benthic population and one limnetic population, samples were preserved in the field immediately or held in the lab for 30, 60, and 90 days before they were sacrificed. In both populations, the telencephalon shapes of lab-held fish were similar to those of field-preserved fish but became progressively more like lab-bred ones over 90 days. In contrast, relative telencephalon size decreased dramatically by 30 days after which there was littie change. In freshwater threespine stickleback, the telencephalon exhibits considerable phenotypic plasticity, which was probably present in the an

关键词： Telencephalon Phenotypic plasticity Brain plasticity Spatial learning adaptive radiation Hippocampus

Unexpected High Divergence of Nrdna ITS Parallels Morphological radiation in Pedicularis(Scrophulariaceae)

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Unexpected High Divergence of Nrdna ITS Parallels Morphologi...