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Assessing Vulnerability to Drought Based on Exposure,Sensitivity and adaptive capacity:A Case Study in Middle Inner Mongolia of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第1期23卷 13-25页

作者： LIU Xiaoqian WANG Yanglin PENG Jian Ademola K BRAIMOH YIN He Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Ministry of EducationCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University Global Land Project Sapporo Nodal OfficeHokkaido University Geomatics Laboratory Geography DepartmentHumboldt-Universitt zu BerlinBerlin 10099Germany

In this paper,we proposed a framework for evaluating the performance of ecosystem strategies prepared for enhancing vulnerability reduction in the face of hazards due to climate *** framework highlights the positive effects of human activities in the coupled human and natural system(CHANS) by introducing adaptive capacity as an evaluation criterion.A built-in regional vulnerability to a certain hazard was generated based upon interaction of three dimensions of vulnerability:exposure,sensitivity and adaptive *** illustrated the application of this framework in the temperate farming-grazing transitional zone in the middle Inner Mongolia of the northern China,where drought hazard is the key threat to the *** indices were produced to translate such climate variance and social-economic differences into specific *** results showed that the most exposed regions are the inner land areas,while counties located in the eastern part are potentially the most adaptive *** City and Bayannur City are most frequently influenced by multiple climate variances,showing highest *** also indicated that differences in the ability to adapt to changes are the main causes of spatial *** depiction of the spatial differentiations and analysis of the reasons,climate zones were divided to depict the differences in facing to the drought *** climate zones were shown to be similar to vulnerability zones based on the quantitative structure of indexes drafted by a triangular *** analysis of the composition of the vulnerability index showed that the evaluation criteria were effective in validating the spatial differentiation but potentially ineffective because of their limited time *** research will be a demonstration of how to combine the three dimensions by quantitative methods and will thus provide a guide for government to vulnerability reduction management.

关键词： vulnerability assessment standardized precipitation index (SPI) exposure sensitivity adaptive capacity

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Species richness and adaptive capacity in animal communities:lessons from China

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第2期3卷 95-100页

作者： John MACKINNON EU-China Biodiversity Programme BeijingChina

Climate change is already threatening the long-term viability of many important protected areas, and as globalwarming accelerates this will increase. Lowered water tables, melting permafrost, changing vegetation zones, combinedwith the fragmentary distribution of wilderness areas, will cause a wave of local extinctions as species fail toadapt to changing conditions in time or fail to move as climate zones advance across the face of the *** can predict and even model likely scenarios, but can we do anything to help safeguard valuable biodiversityor must we passively document Earth’s changes and accept these losses? Studies of the extraordinary speciesrichness of the Hengduan Mountains and the Qionglai Mountain ranges of South-West China and of theChangbaishan Mountains in North-East China give us some optimism. This paper provides an explanation for thehigh species richness in these ranges and identifies design principles that can be used in the selection of protectedareas or in the revision of existing protected area boundaries to enhance their ecological resilience and allow themto maintain higher levels of biological diversity under conditions of climate change or other disturbance.

关键词： adaptive capacity biodiversity richness Changbaishan Hengduan Qionglai

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Exposure, sensitivity, and social adaptive capacity related to climate change:empirical research in China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2017年第3期15卷 209-219页

作者： Yong Liu Mengmeng Zhao Dayong Liu College of Management and Economics Tianjin University

The present research established a preliminary indicator assessment system satisfying Chinese characters for exposure, sensitivity, and social adaptive capacity related to climate change. The 31 province-level administrative regions in China's Mainland were considered in our research. We developed three dimensions of indices related to climate change, including primary, secondary,and tertiary indicators. We chose all variables and indicators based on a literature review and used principal component analysis and the varimax method to develop a weighted assessment index system. Districts in central China scored higher on the overall exposure index than other sample districts, western China generally exhibited higher sensitivity, and eastern China exhibited comparatively higher social adaptive capacity than the other regions. This study also provides perspective for adaptation policies that all regions in China could adopt to determine development direction decision-making based on their specific conditions and diversified comparative advantages to enhance adaptive capacity in response to climate change.

关键词： Climate change adaptive capacity indicator assessment system

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Case Study: Reviewing Methods of Assessing Community adaptive capacity for Jefferson County, Texas

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American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第1期5卷 8-14页

作者： Faye Anderson Najla N. J. Al-Thani Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality Lamar University Beaumont Texas USA

With the increased attention on community sustainability and resilience, different poles have developed voicing similarities and/or differences of the two concepts. This study quantifies adaptive capacity of Jefferson County, Texas, one of the coastal communities at the Gulf of Mexico having some of the worse adverse effects. Review of existing methods is presented. Analyses were conducted for the last ten years: from 2005 to 2014. Interestingly, statistical analyses showed that the County’s socio-economic profile or indicators have not changed throughout the ten years, but the environmental, institutional, and infrastructure indicators have. Focusing on one location magnifies the adaptive capacity of Jefferson County, the temporal aspect of both perspectives, and the relevance of existing methods to this community with its peculiarities. Future assessments need to be based on primary data collected through participatory engagement of all stakeholders. This calls for attempts to quantify adaptive capacity using the comparatively more challenging deductive reasoning, which would allow for incorporation of more risks and thus higher readiness.

关键词： Climate Change Resilience Risk Jefferson County Texas Flooding adaptive capacity Upper Scale System

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The Dynamic Knowledge Loop:Inter- and Transdisciplinary Cooperation and Adaptation of Climate Change Knowledge

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第1期5卷 21-32页

作者： Maria Hagemeier-Klose Simone Annerose Beichler Bart Jan Davidse Sonja Deppisch Research Group‘‘plan B:altic–Climate Change and Spatial Development ’’Department of Urban Planning and Regional DevelopmentHafenCity University Hamburg20457 HamburgGermany

The‘‘dynamic knowledge loop’’explores processes of knowledge generation,knowledge exchange,and social learning in inter-and transdisciplinary cooperation and relates them to adaptive *** capacity building can reduce vulnerabilities and enhance the resilience of urban regions towards the impacts of climate *** use a mix of empirical methods and apply the dynamic knowledge loop as an innovative analytical *** added value of inter-and transdisciplinary cooperation concerning knowledge generation and facilitation of social learning is discussed by applying the dynamic knowledge loop to research about a scenario-planning process and a participatory mapping exercise in the urban region of Rostock,*** results demonstrate that the scenario planning process allowed for a consideration of complex interrelations that have the potential for an integration of different influences,perspectives,and knowledge *** planning facilitated social learning by creating a platform for integration and exchange of different epistemologies and for considering alternative *** participatory mapping exercise demonstrated the scientific value of the integration of local knowledge as *** upon these results,we stress the importance of knowledge generation,knowledge exchange,and social learning to build up adaptive capacity through different forms of cooperation between science and practice.

关键词： adaptive capacity Climate change Interdisciplinary cooperation Knowledge exchange Social learning Transdisciplinary cooperation

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Vulnerability assessment of crop production to climate change across Northwest China during 1995–2014

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第3期18卷 683-693页

作者： LIANG You-jia LIU Li-jun School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Water and Soil ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China School of Navigation Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430063China

Crop production vulnerability to climate change in Northwest China depends upon multiple socio-ecological *** regarding the specific indicators and methods suitable for assessing crop production vulnerability is limited that address spatiotemporal variations across large and diverse *** propose an integrated assessment framework to quantify the vulnerability of crop production derived from crop yield sensitivity,exposure,and adaptive consequences across 338 counties in Northwest China during 1995–*** on these indices were generated using climatic and socioeconomic data with spatial mapping *** clusters of crop production vulnerability were then identified by a k-means cluster method to assess the heterogeneity of vulnerability at a regional *** show that the vulnerability of crop production in 338 counties varies significantly in both geographical and socioeconomic aspects,specifically,vulnerability indicators are generally higher in Minhe,Menyuan,Hualong,and Ledu,and Xayar had the lowest value of *** indicates that adaptation strategies for regional crop production need to focus on several levels,from the improvement of adaptive ability to crop yield fluctuation by promoting irrigation agriculture and optimizing limited water resources in typical arid areas,to agriculture-related financial policies incentivizing the capital investment and technology upgrade of crop production on traditional farming *** study provides convincing evidence that the factors related to socioeconomic policies are particularly alarming when a crop’s risk is compared to precipitation *** recommend these findings be used to facilitate regional agriculture planning to reduce crop production vulnerability and ensure sustainable food security in specific regions.

关键词： Crop production Vulnerability adaptive capacity GIS Spatial mapping

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Young and old forest in the boreal:critical stages of ecosystem dynamics and management under global change

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 361-375页

作者： Timo Kuuluvainen Sylvie Gauthier Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiLatokartanonkaan 7 FIN-00014 HelslnklFinland Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry Center1055 rue du P.E.P.S.C.P 10380succ Sainte-FoyQuebecQuebec GIV 4C7Canada.

The circumboreal forest encompasses diverse landscape structures, dynamics and forest age distributions determined by their physical setting, and historical and current disturbance regimes. However, due to intensifying forest utilisation, and in certain areas due to increasing natural disturbances, boreal forest age-class structures have changed rapidly, so that the proportion of old forest has substantially declined, while that of young post-harvest and post-natural-disturbance forest proportions have increased. In the future, with a warming climate in certain boreal regions, this trend may further be enhanced due to an increase in natural disturbances and large-scale use of forest biomass to replace fossil-based fuels and *** major drivers of change of forest age class distributions and structures include the use of clearcut shortrotation harvesting, more frequent and severe natural disturbances due to climate warming in certain regions. The decline in old forest area, and increase in managed young forest lacking natural post-disturbance structural legacies,represent a major transformation in the ecological conditions of the boreal forest beyond historical limits of *** may introduce a threat to biodiversity, ecosystem resilience and long-term adaptive capacity of the forest *** safeguard boreal forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and to maintain the multiple services provided to societies by this forest biome, it is pivotal to maintain an adequate share and the ecological qualities of young postdisturbance stages, along with mature forest stages with old-growth characteristics. This requires management for natural post-disturbance legacy structures, and innovative use of diverse uneven-aged and continuous cover management approaches to maintain critical late-successional forest structures in landscapes.

关键词： adaptive capacity Biodiversity Boreal forest Climate change Forestry Ecosystem services Forest dynamics Forest management Resilience

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Drought Adaptation and Coping Strategies Among the Turkana Pastoralists of Northern Kenya

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 295-309页

作者： Francis Opiyo Oliver Wasonga Moses Nyangito Janpeter Schilling Richard Munang Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of Nairobi United Nations Development Programme(UNDP) Global Policy Centre International Alert EnvironmentClimate Change and Security Program United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) Regional Office for Africa

This study highlights drought characteristics and the many responses to drought stresses employed by Turkana pastoralists of northwestern Kenya. Multiple data sources, including socioeconomic interviews with 302 households, focus group discussions, and informal interviews with pastoralists were used to capture various aspects of drought and drought adaptation and coping *** precipitation index derived from long-term rainfall data obtained from the Kenya Meteorological Service was used to quantify different degrees of drought intensity between 1950 and 2012. Results revealed that extreme drought events were increasingly frequent, and have impacted negatively on pastoral livelihoods. In order to adapt to or cope with climatic anomalies, households are using a variety of strategies. In addition to the traditional short-term coping mechanisms, the long-term adaptation strategies used include diversification of livelihood sources; livestock mobility to track forage and water resources;diversification of herd composition to benefit from the varied drought and disease tolerance, as well as fecundity of diverse livestock species; and sending children to school for formal education as a long term investment expected to pay back through income from employment. Policies anddevelopment interventions that reduce risks, diminish livelihood constraints, and expand opportunities for increased household resilience to drought are critical complements to the existing pastoral strategies.

关键词： adaptive capacity Climate change Pastoralism Resilience Turkana

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Rural households’ livelihood vulnerability to climate variability and extremes: a livelihood zone-based approach in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 749-771页

作者： Abebe Arega Mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debremarkos UniversityP.O.Box 269DebremarkosEthiopia

Background:The adverse effects of climate variability and extremes exert increasing pressure on rural farm households whose livelihoods are dependent on ***,integrated and area-specific vulnerability assessments in Ethiopia in general and the study area,in particular,are scarce and insufficient for policy ***,this study aims to quantify,map,classify,and prioritize the level of vulnerability in terms of the components of exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity in the Northeastern Highlands of *** study area is divided into six livelihood zones,namely,Abay-Beshilo Basin(ABB),South Wollo and Oromia eastern lowland sorghum and cattle(SWS),Chefa Valley(CHV),Meher-Belg,Belg,and Meher.A total of 361 sample households were selected using proportional probability sampling *** questionnaire,key informant interview,and focus group discussions were used to collect the necessary *** and temperature data were also *** the IPCC’s climate change vulnerability assessment approach,the climate vulnerability index(CVI)framework of Sullivan and Meigh’s model was used to assess the relative vulnerability of livelihoods of rural ***-four vulnerability indicators were identified for exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity *** this regard,Iyengar and Sudarshan’s unequal weighting system was applied to assign a weight to ***:The results revealed that Belg and Meher were found to be the highest exposure livelihood zones to vulnerability with an aggregated value of ***,SWS,ABB,Belg,and CHV livelihood zones showed moderate level of sensitivity to vulnerability with an aggregated value between 0.45 and *** study noted that livelihood zone of Belg(0.75)was found to be at high level of livelihood ***(0.57)and CHV(0.45)were at a moderate level of livelihood vulnerability while Meher-Belg(0.22)was the least vulnerable livelihood zone due to a high level o

关键词： Exposure Sensitivity adaptive capacity Vulnerability Index Sullivan and Meigh’s model Ethiopia

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Is there a need for new kitchen design?Assessing the adaptative capacity of space to enable circularity in multiresidential buildings

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第5期11卷 891-916页

作者： Anita Ollár Kaj Granath Paula Femenías Ulrike Rahe Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296GothenburgSweden

This paper aims to contribute to the development of spatial criteria for adaptive capacity,which is identified as one important factor for the transition towards more circular housing *** paper focuses on the kitchen,as an important function of the home which is connected to large resource flows and is exposed to frequent renovations and *** paper identifies spatial characteristics of the kitchen and evaluates their potential to accommodate circular solutions focusing on adaptive *** a first step,previous literature on the spatial characteristics of kitchens and indicators that support adaptability is *** are then used to develop an analytical framework to assess the adaptive capacity and circularity potential of 3624 kitchens in contemporary Swedish apartments.A qualitative approach in combination with quantitative methods is employed to analyse the selected *** main contributions of this paper include its spatial analytical framework,its descriptive presentation of contemporary kitchen and apartment designs,and its adaptive capacity assessment of the studied *** results point out that although the overcapacity of the floor area of kitchens and apartments can have significance for adaptability,it is not the only determinative spatial *** windows’location and distribution,the number of door openings and traffic zones,the shafts’location and accessibility from multiple rooms,the room typology and the kitchen typology can improve the adaptive capacity and circularity potential of kitchens and *** findings show that in contemporary floorplans advantageous design solutions connected to the identified spatial characteristics are not applied in a systematic *** research is necessary to define the exact measures of the individual spatial characteristics and their combined application in multiresidential floorplan design.

关键词： adaptive capacity Spatial criteria Circular design Kitchen design Apartment floorplans Multiresidential

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