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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第4期14卷 319-328页

作者： Comlan Albert Dovonou Cossi Adébayo Alassani Djibril Abdou Badiou Sènan Serge Adè Cossi Angelo Attinsounon Armand Wanvoégbè Departmental University Hospital Center of Borgou and Alibori Parakou Republic of Benin Departmental University Hospital Center of Oum and Plateau Parakou Republic of Benin

Background: acute respiratory infections are a frequent reason for consultations in internal medicine. Unpredictable in their evolution, these infections can require hospitalization, and can constitute a medical emergency requiring respiratory resuscitation, which is often difficult in our context. Objective: To study the frequency and factors associated with acute respiratory infections in the Internal Medicine of Department of CHUD-B/A from 2021 to 2023. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study covering the period from 2021 to 2023. An exhaustive census list of all patients visited during consultation or hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Service was conducted. This period of survey has met the criteria inclusion design. Data were collected after tabulation of consultation and hospitalization, and medical records using a recount. Results: The frequency of acute respiratory infections was 4.16%. The average age of patients was 42.09 ± 18 years old with a slight male predominance, the sex ratio was 1.12. Associated factors were elderly adults and no antibiotic-based self-medication. Conclusion: It will therefore be necessary to inform and educate young people for change of behavior;to strengthen the fight against smoking and chronic alcoholism and combat antibiotic-based self-medication in order to prevent acute respiratory infections and their deleterious effects.

关键词： Frequency acute respiratory infections Parakou Benin

Physical activity lowers the risk for acute respiratory infections:Time for recognition

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第6期11卷 648-655,F0003页

作者： David C.Nieman Camila A.Sakaguchi Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA

Physical inactivity is a well-established risk factor for chronic diseases,such as cardiovascular disease,cancer,and diabetes *** is a growing awareness that physical inactivity should also be regarded as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections(ARIs).ARIs,such as the common cold,influenza,pneumonia,and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),are among the most pervasive diseases on earth and cause widespread morbidity and *** in support of the linkage between ARIs and physical inactivity has been strengthened during the COVID-19 pandemic because of increased scientific ***-scale studies have consistently reported that the risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes is elevated in cohorts with low physical activity and/or physical fitness,even after adjusting for other risk *** lowered risk for severe COVID-19 and other ARIs in physically active groups is attributed to exercise-induced immunoprotective effects,including enhanced surveillance of key immune cells and reduced chronic *** consensus groups,including those who submitted the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans,have not yet given this area of research the respect that is *** is time to add“reduced risk for ARIs”to the“Exercise is Medicine”list of physical activity-related health benefits.

关键词： acute respiratory infections COVID-19 Immune system Physical activity Pneumonia

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION VIA HVAC OF acute respiratory infections IN MILITARY FACILITIES?Review of a Basic Training Cohort Study

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Journal of Green Building 2009年第1期4卷 114-120页

作者： Liv Haselbach James Hussey Charles E.Feigley James R.Hebert Duvel W.White Andrew Lawson Civil and Environmental Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-2910 Arnold School of Public Health University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences BethesdaMD20814

There is great interest in preventing the spread of acute respiratory infections(ARI)in military housing and in other facilities with multiple occupants such as *** has been some research on the mode of transmission of ARIs in these types of occupancies,with several studies focusing on direct and indirect *** study,based on several barracks at the largest basic training facility for the Army in the United States,investigates the role of airborne transmission via heating,ventilating and air conditioning(HVAC)systems as compared to a combination of airborne,indirect contact and direct contact transmission in a *** results indicate that there is a significant increase in the number of cases which might be attributable to airborne transmission via HVAC systems in several situations,both for ARIs that required hospitalization,and those which did not.

关键词： indoor air quality HVAC acute respiratory infections

Virus profile in children with acute respiratory infections with various severities in Beijing, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第21期127卷 3706-3711页

作者： Zhu Runan Song Qinwei Qian Yuan Zhao Linqing Deng Jie Wang Fang Sun Yu Laboratory of Virology Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing 100020 China

Background acute respiratory infection （ARI） is one of the most common infectious diseases in infants and young children *** study aimed to determine the virus profile in children with ARI presenting with different *** Clinical specimens collected from children with ARI in Beijing from September 2010 to March 2011 were investigated for 18 respiratory viruses using an xTAG respiratory Viral Panel Fast （RVP Fast） *** Pearson chisquare analysis was used to identify statistical *** Of 270 cases from three groups of ARI patients,including Out-patients,In-patients and patients in the intensive care unit （ICU）,viruses were detected in 176 （65.2％） specimens with the RVP Fast *** viral detection rate from the Out-patients group （50.0％） was significantly lower than that from the In-patients （71.1％） and ICU-patients （74.4％） *** virus distribution was different between the Out-patients group and the other hospitalized groups,while the virus detection rate and distribution characteristics were similar between the In-patients and ICU-patients *** coinfection rates of the Out-patients group,the In-patients group,and the ICU-patients group were 15.6％,50.0％ and 35.8％,*** addition to respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） and adenovirus （ADV）,human rhinovirus （HRV） was frequently detected from children with serious illnesses,followed by human metapneumovirus （hMPV）,human bocavirus （HBoV） and *** virus 3 （PIV3） was detected in children with lower respiratory illness,but rarely from those with serious illnesses in the ICU-patient *** In addition to so-called common respiratory viruses,virus detection in children with ARI should include those thoucht to be uncommon respiratory viruses,especially when there are severe ARI-related clinical illnesses.

关键词： respiratory viruses acute respiratory infections co-infection children xTAG respiratory Viral Panel Fast assay

Factors Associated with acute respiratory infections in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years in the Yénawa District of Cotonou (Benin) in 2023

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 331-342页

作者： Virginie Mongbo Luc Béhanzin Lamidhi Salami Nicolas Hamondji Amegan Edgard-Marius Ouendo Department of Policies and Health Systems Regional Institute of Public Health of Ouidah University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin School of public Health University of Parakou Parakou Benin Doctoral school of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Public Health School University of Montreal Quebec Canada

Introduction: acute respiratory infections remain one of the main causes of mortality in children aged 0 to 5. This work aimed to study the associated factors with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in children 0 to 5 years old in Yénawa, Cotonou in 2023. Subjects and Method: It was an analytical cross-sectional study of children aged 0 - 5 years and their mothers in Yénawa, selected by four-degree random sampling. The sampling size, calculated using the Schwartz formula, was 126 children and 126 mothers. The dependent variable was the occurrence of acute respiratory infections. The independent variables were classified into four groups: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, behavioral factors, child-related factors, and environmental factors. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Associated factors were investigated by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression, at the 5% significance level. Results: A total of 126 children aged 0 - 5 years and 126 mothers were surveyed, aged 23.5 (11 - 36) months and 30 (18 - 48) years respectively. The prevalence of acute respiratory infections was 74.60% (CI95% = 66.89 to 82.30). The associated factors were the mother’s age between 18 and 28 (OR = 10.77;CI95% = 1.89 to 61.27;p = 0.007), the use of charcoal/wood for cooking (OR = 7.36;IC = 1.99 to 27.10;p = 0.003)), children's poor personal hygiene (OR = 8.87;IC = 2.92 to 26.97;p 0.001)), and cohabitation with domestic animals (OR = 7.27;IC = 1.67 to 31.71;p = 0.015). Conclusion: Communicating with mothers about the factors identified will help reduce the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0 to 5.

关键词： acute respiratory infections Children Aged 0 - 5 Associated Factors Yénawa Benin

Viral acute respiratory infections in Central African Republic Children: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 332-346页

作者： Jean Chrysostome Gody Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem Ghislain Franck Houndjahoue Vanessa Iris Gaspiet Sonny Mario Giobbia Pierpaolo Grisetti Cristina Ceresoli Deborah Nguimba Raffaella Marino Sandra Garba Ouangole Wasianga Kendewa Festus Regis Mbrenga Evodie Pierrette Kakouguere Ida Maxime Kangale-Wando Emmanuel Nakoune Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique de Bangui (CHUPB) Bangui Central African Republic Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FACSS) Université de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Médecins avec l’Afrique CUAMM International NGO Padova Italy Associazione Amici Per Il Centrafrica ODV Limido Comasco Italy Institut Pasteur de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

Background: acute respiratory infections (ARI) are recognized as an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization among children in developing countries. Objectives: To identify the respiratory viruses circulating in Central African children before the SARS-COV2 pandemic and to assess the clinical manifestations. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study, run from March 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Children aged 28 days to 15 year-old, with respiratory symptoms ≤10 days had been included. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and sent to the Institute Pasteur in Bangui (WHO National Referral Center for influenza). Virus research was done by cell and molecular culture techniques. Data were recorded and processed with Access 2019 software, then analyzed with STATA version 14 software. Chi-square test and ANOVA test were used to compare proportions at the p 0.05 threshold. Results: Out of 659 children included during the study period, viruses were identified in 231 children, for an overall positivity rate of 35.05% (231/659). Rhinoviruses (RV) and influenza viruses were found in 66.23% and 16.88% respectively. Virus-virus co-infections were found in 10 (10/231) children (4.32%). Children under 5 years of age were more represented (78.60%). The main reasons for consultation were: fever (96.20%), cough (95.45%), runny nose (78.5%), and breathing difficulty (30.50%). ILI (Influenza-Like Illness) was found in 71.02% versus 28.98% of SARI (Severe acute respiratory Infection). There was a statistically significant association between age 5 years and severity of acute respiratory infection (p = 0.001). The outcome was known for the 122 children at the CHUPB site with a mortality rate of 17.21% (n = 21). Conclusion: Viral ARI is common in children in Central African Republic. Care givers should think about it in order to reduce the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics.

关键词： acute respiratory infections Virus Children Central African Republic

Trends in the prevalence and care-seeking behaviour for acute respiratory infections among Ugandan infants

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Global Health Research and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 312-321页

作者： Sanni Yaya Ghose Bishwajit Faculty of Social Sciences School of International Development and Global StudiesUniversity of Ottawa120University PrivateOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada

Background:acute respiratory infections(ARIs)as a group of diseases/symptoms constitute a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa where over 10%of all children die before reaching their fifth *** the burden of ARIs is highest in the African countries,there is little evidence in the current literature regarding their prevalence and treatment *** objective of this study was therefore to assess the secular trend in the prevalence of ARIs as well as their treatment seeking-behaviour among Ugandan ***:This cross-sectional study was based on data from Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys(conducted between 1995 and 2016)on 26,974 singleton infants aged 0-5 ***(aged 15-49 years)were interviewed to collect information on the prevalence of recent occurrences of fever,cough and *** adjusted trend in the prevalence and predictors of ARIs and care seeking were measured by multivariate regression ***:In 2016,the prevalence of fever,cough and dyspnea was respectively 36.23,42.55 and 19.27%.The prevalence of all three symptoms has been declining steadily since 1995,and the percentage of children receiving treatment for fever/cough has also more than doubled during the same *** multivariable analysis,several sociodemographic factors emerged as significant predictors of ARIs including child’s age and high birth order,mother’s age,educational level,occupation,intendedness status of the child,BMI,household wealth status,and place of ***:The overall prevalence common ARIs(fever,cough,dyspnea)has been declining at a slow but steady rate,however,remains noticeably high in comparison with countries with similar level of per capita GDP in *** of this study has important implications for health policy making regarding the prevention of ARIs among infants in the country.

关键词： acute respiratory infections Care-seeking Demographic and health survey Global Health Infant Uganda

Carbocysteine as Adjuvant Therapy in acute respiratory Tract infections in Patients without Underlying Chronic Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Open Journal of respiratory Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 39-50页

作者： Myriam Calle Rubio Olga de la Serna Blazquez José Luis R. Martin Manuel Ruiz Cuetos Pulmonology Department Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid Spain Department of Medicine School of Medicine Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain Pediatric Pulmonology Unit Pediatrics Department Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain Simplifying Research Institute Layos Spain Medical department in ITF Research Pharma S.L.U. Alcobendas Spain

Objective: This study aims to systematically examine the existing evidence regarding the clinical benefits of carbocysteine as an adjunctive treatment in acute bronchopulmonary and otorhinological processes. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: An electronic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, ***, and the European Clinical Trial Register, with the search dated to May 2023. Bibliographic references from other literature reviews and meta-analyses were also reviewed. The search was limited to randomized clinical trials published in any language and year. It was completed by cross-checking the references of the located articles. Methods: Inclusion criteria covered studies assessing systemic or inhaled carbocysteine, regardless of dosing regimen. Concomitant medication use was acceptable if balanced between intervention and control groups. Authors independently extracted data, resolving disagreements through consensus. Methodological quality assessment relied on critical reading of each study. Dichotomous variables were analyzed using odds ratio (OR), and a final effect size was calculated. Statistical significance was established when confidence intervals did not cross the neutral value. Heterogeneity was assessed via the X2 test and I2 index. Results: Out of 318 initially identified studies, 4 met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis for poor general condition yielded an OR of 0.45 in favor of intervention, p = 0.013, with non-significant heterogeneity. Cough events showed a percentage of 15.8% for carbocysteine vs. 27.2% for placebo. On the seventh day, expectoration rates were 18.37% for carbocysteinevs 33.3% for placebo. Conclusions: The observed clinical benefits align with carbocysteine’s mucoactive and muco-regulatory properties, complemented by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Carbocysteine stands out among mucolytic agents. In the context of persistent infectious diseases,

关键词： acute respiratory infections Carbocystenine Systematic Review Meta-Analysis

Anti-microbial Effects In Vitro and In Vivo of Alstonia scholaris

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2021年第1期11卷 127-135页

作者： Yun-Li Zhao Zhong-Ping Gou Jian-Hua Shang Wan-Yi Li Yu Kuang Ming-Yuan Li Xiao-Dong Luo State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of EducationYunnan Provincial Center for Research&Development of Natural ProductsSchool of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunming 650091P.R.China Institute of Drug Clinical Trials West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China West China School of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic Medicine Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Alstonia scholaris could be used as a traditional medicinal plant in China for the treatment of acute respiratory,which might be caused by respiratory tract *** investigation tested the anti-infective effects of total alkaloids extract(TA)from leaves of ***,and as a result,TA inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)and influenza A virus(H1N1)in vitro *** addition,the survival days of mice were prolonged,and the lung weights and mortality of mice were decreased significantly,after oral administrated TA in H1N1 and beta-hemolytic streptococcus infectious models in vivo *** finding supported partly the traditional usage of *** in the treatment of respiratory infections.

关键词： Alstonia scholaris Total alkaloids acute respiratory infections Anti-virus Anti-bacteria

Child acute Lower respiratory Tract Infection in Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit at University Hospital of Brazzaville (Congo)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第1期8卷 32-41页

作者： Engoba Moyen Judicael Kambourou Annie Rachelle Okoko Lori Bertrand Nguelongo Verlem Bomelefa-Bomel Kadidja Grace Nkounkou Georges Moyen Jean-Louis Nkoua Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of BrazzavilleBrazzavilleCongo Pediatric Intensive Cares Unit University Hospital of BrazzavilleBrazzavilleCongo

In order to contribute to reduction of morbidity and mortality due to low acute respiratory infections in pediatrics, the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile and to identify the factors favoring and those associated with the risk of deceased. We reviewed the cases of children aged between 1 and 59 months hospitalized between January and December 2015 in the pediatric intensive care unit of the CHU of Brazzaville and retained those whose diagnosis of discharge was an ALRI. The study variables were: epidemiological, clinical, paraclinic, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary. For 2012 hospitalized children, 400 (19.8%) were hospitalized for an ALRI. There were 235 boys (58.8%) and 165 girls (41.2%) of average age. Infants aged 1 to 11 months were the most affected n = 260 (65%). They were insufficiently immunized with haemophilus influenza B and pneumococcus n = 378 (94.5%);Fully immunized n = 20 (5%), the average delay for consultation after the first symptom was 5.03 ± 3.86 days;Denutrition was rated n = 180 (45%), positive retroviral serology n = 19 cases (4.8%). The main nosological varieties were: bronchiolitis n = 223 (55.7%), pneumonia n = 145 (36.2%). One death was rated n = 65 (16.3%). The mortality determinants were: prematurity, vaccination status and HIV/AIDS infection. The frequency and severity of ALRIs necessitates a strengthened program of integrated management of childhood illnesses, and public health actions targeting the factors that promote and contribute to the risk of death.

关键词： acute respiratory infections Child Brazzaville Bronchiolitis