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New insights into the regulation of cholesterol eft from the sperm membrane

Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 561-567页

作者： Tamara Leahy Bart M Gadella Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Sydney 2006 Sydney Australia Department of Farm Animal Health and of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine Utrecht University Yalelaan 2 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands.

Cholesterol is an essential component of the mammalian plasma membrane because it promotes membrane stability without comprising membrane fluidity. Given this important cellular role, cholesterol levels are tightly controlled at multiple levels. It has been clearly shown that cholesterol redistribution and depletion from the sperm membrane is a key part of the spermatozoon＇s preparation for fertilization. Some factors that regulate these events are described （e.g., bicarbonate, calcium） but the mechanisms underlying cholesterol export are poorly understood. How does a hydrophobic cholesterol molecule inserted in the sperm plasma membrane enter the energetically unfavorable aqueous surroundings？ This review will provide an overview of knowledge in this area and highlight our gaps in understanding. The overall aim is to better understand cholesterol redistribution in the sperm plasma membrane, its relation to the possible activation of a cholesterol transporter and the role of cholesterol acceptors. Armed with such knowledlze, sl）erm handlin~ techniques can be adapted to better prepare spermatozoa for in vitro and in vivo fertilization.

关键词： atp binding cassette transporters albumin high-density lipoprotein lipid rafts membrane fluidity membranemicrodomains membrane packing oxysterols reverse cholesterol transport sterol transporters

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Drug resistance and combating drug resistance in cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第2期2卷 141-160页

作者： Xuan Wang Haiyun Zhang Xiaozhuo Chen Department of Biological Sciences Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA The Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of OsteopathicOhio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the *** major treatments for cancer management include surgery,cytotoxic chemotherapy,targeted therapy,radiation therapy,endocrine therapy and *** the endeavors and achievements made in treating cancers during the past decades,resistance to classical chemotherapeutic agents and/or novel targeted drugs continues to be a major problem in cancer *** resistance,either existing before treatment(intrinsic)or generated after therapy(acquired),is responsible for most relapses of cancer,one of the major causes of death of the *** among patients and tumors,and the versatility of cancer to circumvent therapies make drug resistance more challenging to deal *** understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance is required to provide guidance to future cancer treatment and achieve better *** this review,intrinsic and acquired resistance will be *** addition,new discoveries in mechanisms of drug resistance will be ***,we will highlight roles of atp in drug resistance by discussing recent findings of exceptionally high levels of intratumoral extracellular atp as well as intracellular atp internalized from extracellular *** complexity of drug resistance development suggests that combinational and personalized therapies,which should take atp into consideration,might provide better strategies and improved efficacy for fighting drug resistance in cancer.

关键词： Cancer stem cells epithelial mesenchymal transition atp binding cassette transporters extracellular atp macropinocytosis epigenetics microRNA

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