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Effect of current intensity on radiological properties of joined 304l stainless steels for photon interaction

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第1期29卷 127-133页

作者： Mehmet Buyukyildiz Department of Electrical and Electronics Faculty of Engineering Yalova University Yalova Turkey

Radiological properties, such as the linear attenuation coefficient(μ), mass attenuation coefficient(μ/ρ), half-value layer(HVl), tenth-value layer(TVl), mean free path(MFP), and effective atomic number(Z_(eff)), of 304 l stainless steels have been investigated with respect to photon interactions to determine the influence of current intensity at different gamma-ray energies.^(137)Cs and ^(60)Co radioactive point sources were used to irradiate 304 l stainless steels joined at 45–70-A weld currents for the transmission of the gamma rays at photon energies of661.0, 1173.2, and 1332.5 ke V. The μ, μ/ρ, HVl, TVl,MFP, and Z_(eff) of the steels were measured at the mentioned energies, and theoretical values for pure 304 l stainless steel were calculated for comparison. The minimum differences(%) in Z_(eff) between pure steel and steel joined at a weld current of 60 A were observed for relevant photon energies; the minimum difference between the theoretical value for pure 304 l and the experimental value for joined steel was 4.76%, and that between the experimental value for pure 304 l and the experimental value for joined steel was 2.60% at 1332.5 ke V. Moreover, the MFPs of the joined steels were compared with that of pure 304 l, and steel joined at 60 A, which had the minimum MFP, was compared with some radiation-shielding concretes in terms of MFP at the same gamma-ray energies.

关键词： Effective atomic number Mean free path 304l stainless steel

Extrusion process of 304l H-shaped stainless steel used in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第4期30卷 70-79页

作者： lei-Feng Tuo Gen-Shu Zhou Zhi-Qiang Yu Xi-Tang Kang Bo-Wen Wang State Key laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Stainless Steel Tube Branch Company Taiyuan Iron & Steel Group CO.LTD Stainless Steel Tube Branch Company Taiyuan Iron & Steel (Group) CO.LTD

304l H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304l H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304l H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304l H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.

关键词： PRHR HX Support frame Extrusion process 304l H-shaped stainless steel

Friction and Wear Mechanism of Unlubricated 304l Austenitic Stainless Steel at Room Temperature

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2012年第2期27卷 222-226页

作者：陈国清 School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology

To explore wear mechanism of stainless steel used in nuclear pump, the wear properties and the worn surface characteristics of unlubricated 304l austenitic stainless steel on itself were investigated in air at room temperature. The experimental results demonstrated that the wear rate of the material decreased with the increase of the wear time. The friction coefficient fluctuated severely when the applied load was 120 N. At 120 N the wear rate was much higher than that of the applied load of 70 N. At 70 N the wear rate did not show much difference from that of 30 N. The wear mechanism was adhesive and abrasive wear under different load at the initial stage of the wear test. Then, the main wear mechanism changed with the wearing time and the applied load.

关键词： 304l dry sliding friction wear property wear mechanism

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水雾化304l粉末材料的表面化学反应研究

功能材料 2006年第11期37卷 1819-1821,1824页

作者：于清重庆工商大学环境保护研究所重庆400015

研究了水雾化奥氏体不锈钢粉末在致密时的表面化学反应。研究发现颗粒表面和孔隙表面的化学反应受致密温度的强烈影响,材料的力学性能与表面化学反应产物及其形态和分布有关。

关键词：表面化学分析 304l 粉末材料致密化

低温气体渗碳对304l奥氏体不锈钢抗氢性能的影响

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中国表面工程 2018年第4期31卷 74-80页

作者：梁涛姜勇冯雅健巩建鸣南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院南京211816 南京工业大学江苏省极端承压装备设计与制造重点实验室南京211816

对304l奥氏体不锈钢进行低温(470℃)气体渗碳,采用光学显微镜(OM),电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)以及X射线应力分析仪(IXRD)研究了304l奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳强化层的厚度、碳含量及残余应力分布。通过电化学充氢实验,结合X射线相结构分... 详细信息

对304l奥氏体不锈钢进行低温(470℃)气体渗碳,采用光学显微镜(OM),电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)以及X射线应力分析仪(IXRD)研究了304l奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳强化层的厚度、碳含量及残余应力分布。通过电化学充氢实验,结合X射线相结构分析(XRD),慢应变单轴拉伸试验,扫描电镜(SEM)观察以及氢含量检测等方法分析低温气体表面渗碳对304l不锈钢抗氢脆性能的影响。研究表明:304l不锈钢经30 h低温气体表面渗碳处理后,形成了约22μm的渗碳层,渗碳层中碳含量和残余应力在表面最高,分别为2%(质量分数)及-1.47 GPa,并沿深度方向梯度减小;低温气体表面渗碳大幅度提高304l不锈钢表面的稳定性,在充氢过程中不产生马氏体相变,从而提高其抗氢性能。此外,渗碳层中的压缩残余应力对抑制H扩散,也起到了积极的作用。

关键词：低温气体渗碳氢脆马氏体相变 304l

Monitoring localized corrosion of Inconel 82 weld overlay on 304l SS weld by electrochemical noise

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Materials Engineering Research 2019年第2期1卷 45-55页

作者： Girija Suresh Hemant Kumar Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam Tamilnadu 603102 India.

The manuscript presents the results from the electrochemical noise (EN) monitoring of Inconel 82 weld overlay on Type 304l stainless steel (SS) weld in 0.01M FeCl3. The microstructure of the weld overlay obtained from optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an austenite structure, containing equiaxed dendrites and secondary phases at the interdendritic region. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attached to SEM revealed the secondary phases to be Nb rich laves phase. The electrochemical potential noise was monitored using a three identical electrode configuration. The acquired signals were detrended, and wavelet analysis was employed to encode useful information from the noise transients. Visual examination of the potential noise-time record contained distinct high amplitude transients typical of localized corrosion attack. The energy distribution plots (EDP) of the potential noise derived from wavelet analysis depicted maximum relative energy on D6-D8 crystals, which represent large time scale events such as those occurring from localized attacks. Also, repassivation events too could be divulged from the potential EDP. The micrographs of the post electrochemical noise experimented specimens revealed the occurrence of localized attacks along the interdendritic region and none inside the dendritic cores. The presence of secondary phases along the interdendritic regions was found to be detrimental in chloride medium, imparting inferior localized corrosion resistance to the weld overlay.

关键词： Inconel 82 weld overlay 304l SS weld electrochemical noise localized corrosion wavelet analysis

Study on Factors Effecting Weld Pool Geometry of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded AISI 304l Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheets Using Statistical Approach

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第8期11卷 790-799页

作者： Kondapalli Siva Prasad Chalamalasetti Srinivasa Rao Damera Nageswara Rao Centurion University of Technology & Management Odissa INDIA Department of Mechanical Engineering Andhra University Visakhapatnam INDIA Department of Mechanical Engineering Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences Visakhapatnam INDIA

Pulsed current Micro Plasma Arc Welding is used to joint thin sheets of AISI 304l sheets, which are used in manufacturing of metallic bellows and diaphragms. In this article the effects of pulsing current parameters on weld pool geometry namely front width, back width, front height and back height of pulsed current micro plasma arc welded AISI 304l stainless steel sheets was analyzed. Four factors, five levels, central composite design was used to develop mathematical models, incorporating pulsed current parameters and weld pool geometry. The mathematical models have been developed by Response Surface Method. The adequacy of the models was checked by ANOVA technique. Variation of output responses with input process variables are discussed. By using the developed mathematical models, weld pool geometry parameters can be predicted.

关键词： Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding Mathematical Model Aisi 304l Stainless Steel Weld Pool Geometry ANOVA

Application of Hooke &Jeeves Algorithm in Optimizing Fusion Zone Grain Size and Hardness of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welded AISI 304l Sheets

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第9期11卷 869-875页

作者： Kondapalli Siva Prasad Chalamalasetti Srinivasa Rao Damera Nageswara Rao Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Andhra University Visakhapatnam INDIA Department of Mechanical Engineering Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences Visakhapatnam INDIA Vice Chancellor Centurion University of Technology & Management Odisha INDIA

AISI 304l is an austenitic Chromium-Nickel stainless steel offering the optimum combination of corrosion resistance, strength and ductility. These attributes make it a favorite for many mechanical components. The paper focuses on developing mathematical models to predict grain size and hardness of pulsed current micro plasma arc welded AISI 304l joints. Four factors, five level, central composite rotatable design matrix is used to optimize the number of experiments. The mathematical models have been developed by Response Surface Method (RSM) and its adequacy is checked by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique. By using the developed mathematical models, grain size and hardness of the weld joints can be predicted with 99% confidence level. The developed mathematical models have been optimized using Hooke and Jeeves algorithm to minimize grain size and maximize the hardness.

关键词： Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding AISI 304l Grain Size Hardness Hooke & Jeeves Algorithm

弹性应力下304l不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的点蚀行为

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材料保护 2018年第10期51卷 16-21,138页

作者：唐鋆磊曹东王虎欧天雄王莹莹朱元强西南石油大学化学化工学院西南石油大学材料科学与工程学院中国石化股份有限公司中原油田普光分公司

工业中大量不锈钢材料都是在弹性应力下服役的，但相关弹性应力下不锈钢局部腐蚀的萌发和发展情况鲜有报道。采用动电位扫描、电化学阻抗谱、扫描电子显微镜研究了304l不锈钢在弹性应力（0～80%σ0.2）下在3．5％（质量分数）NaCl溶液... 详细信息

工业中大量不锈钢材料都是在弹性应力下服役的，但相关弹性应力下不锈钢局部腐蚀的萌发和发展情况鲜有报道。采用动电位扫描、电化学阻抗谱、扫描电子显微镜研究了304l不锈钢在弹性应力（0～80%σ0.2）下在3．5％（质量分数）NaCl溶液中的点蚀行为，并对比了张应力和压应力对点蚀行为影响的异同，建立了304l不锈钢在弹性应力下的点蚀规律。结果表明：随着张／压应力水平的提升，点蚀电位下降，点蚀敏感性增加；由于应力集中的原因．腐蚀行为由钝化膜发生少量部位破裂变成发生多次破裂，使得破裂区域单位面积阳极电流密度的增长速率减小．此行为在一定程度上延缓了单个点蚀进入稳态生长的过程，导致点蚀坑数量的增多以及形貌变化；相同应力水平下．压应力对点蚀敏感性的影响大于张应力；张应力与压应力对点蚀的行为机理可能与钝化膜破裂形式及蚀坑内应力集中区域的差异有关。

关键词：弹性应力动电位点蚀阳极电流密度 304l