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The High Energy X-ray telescope (HE) onboard the Insight-HXMT astronomy satellite

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第4期63卷 20-34页

作者： CongZhan Liu YiFei Zhang XuFang Li XueFeng Lu Zhi Chang ZhengWei Li AiMei Zhang YongJie Jin HuiMing Yu Zhao Zhang MinXue Fu YiBao Chen JianFeng Ji YuPeng Xu JingKang Deng RenCheng Shang GuoQing Liu FangJun Lu ShuangNan Zhang YongWei Dong TiPei Li Mei Wu YanGuo Li HuanYu Wang BoBing Wu YongJie Zhang Zhi Zhang ShaoLin Xiong Yuan Liu Shu Zhang HongWei Liu YiJung Yang Fan Zhang Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation telescope(Insight-HXMT) is a broadband X-ray and γ-ray(1-3000 ke V) astronomy satellite. One of its three main telescopes is the High Energy X-ray telescope(HE). The main detector plane of HE comprises 18 Na I(Tl)/Cs I(Na) phoswich detectors, where Na I(Tl) is used as the primary detector to measure ~ 20-250 ke V photons incident from the field of view(FOV) defined by collimators, and Cs I(Na) is used as the active shielding detector to Na I(Tl) by pulse shape discrimination. Additionally, Cs I(Na) is used as an omnidirectional γ-ray monitor. The HE collimators have a diverse FOV,i.e. 1.1°×5.7°(15 units), 5.7°×5.7°(2 units), and blocked(1 unit). Therefore, the combined FOV of HE is approximately5.7°×5.7°. Each HE detector has a diameter of 190 mm resulting in a total geometrical area of approximately 5100 cm2, and the energy resolution is ~15% at 60 ke V. For each recorded X-ray event by HE, the timing accuracy is less than 10 μs and the deadtime is less than 10 μs. HE is used for observing spectra and temporal variability of X-ray sources in the 20-250 ke V band either by pointing observations for known sources or scanning observations to unveil new sources. Additionally, HE is used for monitoring the γ-ray burst in 0.2-3 Me V band. This paper not only presents the design and performance of HE instruments but also reports results of the on-ground calibration experiments.

关键词： X-ray telescope HXMT calibration scintillation detector

Understanding the circular polarization of fast radio bursts observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio telescope

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第10期65卷 155-156页

作者： Hao Tong School of Physics and Materials Science Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio telescope(FAST)is the world's largest single-disk radio *** of its high sensitivity,it can reveal the most intriguing properties of pulsars and fast radio bursts(FRBs).

关键词： bursts telescope observed

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The dawn of a new era of pulsar discoveries by Chinese radio telescope FAST

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第12期64卷 8-9页

作者： YiPeng Jing School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Pulsars are rapidly rotating compact stars subjected to physical conditions far beyond the reach of any laboratory on *** astrophysical laboratories could help answer many fundamental physical questions. The Fermi Large Area telescope(LAT) has discovered >250 γ-ray pulsars since its launch in 2008. Targeted radio searches of pulsar-like Fermi-LAT γ-ray sources have led to the discovery ~100 millisecond pulsars(MSPs).

关键词： pulsar stars telescope

Upgraded photometric system on the 85-cm telescope at Xinglong station

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第9期18卷 21-30页

作者： Chun-Hai Bai Jian-Ning Fu Tao-Ran Li Zhou Fan Jiang-Hua Wu Yong Zhao Xian-Qun Zeng Wen-Zhao Zhang Peng Qiu Guo-Jie Feng Xiao-Jun Jiang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The 85-cm telescope at Xinglong station is a prime focus system that operates well with high science outputs. The telescope has been upgraded since 2014 with a new corrector, and new filters and camera, which are provided by Beijing Normal University. The filter set is the Johnson-Cousins UBV RI system. We report the test results of the new system including bias, dark current, linearity, gain and readout noise of the CCD camera. Then we derive accurate instrumental calibration coefficients in UBV RI bands with Landolt standard stars during photometric nights. Finally, we give the limiting magnitudes with various exposure times and signal-to-noise ratios for observers as references.

关键词： telescope instrumentation CCD photometry

The wide-field photometric system of the Nanshan One-meter telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第12期20卷 373-382页

作者： Chun-Hai Bai Guo-Jie Feng Xuan Zhang Hu-Biao Niu Abdusamatjan Eskandar Guang-Xin Pu Shu-Guo Ma Jin-Zhong Liu Xiao-Jun Jiang Lu Ma Ali Esamdin Na Wang Xinjiang Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The Nanshan One-meter Wide-field telescope is a prime focus system that is located at Nanshan Station of Xinjiang Astronomical *** field of view was designed to 1.5°× 1.5°,and the Johnson-Cousins UBVRI system was chosen as the main filter *** telescope has been providing observation services for astronomers since September *** source searching and time-domain surveys are the main scientific *** system’s test results are reported including linearity,dark current,bias,readout noise and gain of the CCD *** accurate instrumental calibration coefficients in UBVRI bands were driven with Landolt standard stars during photometric ***,the limiting magnitudes are given with signal-to-noise ratios and various exposure times for observers.

关键词： telescope filter CCD photometry

Stray light analysis of the Xinglong 2.16-m telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第3期20卷 50-61页

作者： Tao-Ran Li Jian-Feng Wang Xiao-Ming Zhang Yong Zhao Jian-Feng Tian Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

An effort towards understanding the problems associated with stray light related to the Xinglong2.16-m telescope is presented to estimate the stray light performance of the telescope itself and provide a method for improving stray light *** light analysis for the 2.16-m telescope model,which consists of an onion shaped dome,telescope structure,equatorial mount and telescope optics,has been developed in two cases(1)pointing to 60?and(2)pointing to zenith,in both azimuth and elevation *** Point Source Normalized Irradiance Transmittance(PSNIT),which is generally used for assessing stray light and is uncorrelated to entrance aperture,is calculated with a series of off-axis *** shows that the PSNIT values are less than 10-7 when off-axis angles are larger than±20?.The dominant contributors to stray light(primary and secondary mirror,telescope structure and dome)are identified to guide performance *** analyses indicate that significant benefit can be realized by adding only five vanes inside the bottom portion of the secondary *** the case of pointing to zenith,the PSNIT values will decrease about 40%on average.

关键词： telescope scattering methods:data analysis

Five hundred meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST)

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第2期49卷 129-148页

作者： NAN Rendong National Astronomical Observatories Beijing 100012 China

Five hundred meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST) will be the largest radio telescope in the world. The innovative engineering concept and design pave a new road to realizing a huge single dish in the most effective way. Three outstanding features of the telescope are the unique karst depressions as the sites, the active main reflector which corrects spherical aberration on the ground to achieve full polarization and a wide band without involving a complex feed system, and the light focus cabin driven by cables and servomechanism plus a parallel robot as secondary adjustable system to carry the most precise parts of the receivers. Being the most sensitive radio telescope, FAST will enable astronomers to jumpstart many of the science goals, for example, the neutral hydrogen line surveying in distant galaxies out to very large redshifts, looking for the first shining star, detecting thousands of new pulsars, etc. Extremely interesting and exotic objects may yet await discovery by FAST. As a multi-science platform, the telescope will provide treasures to astronomers, as well as bring prosperity to other research, e.g. space weather study, deep space exploration and national security. The construction of FAST itself is expected to promote the development in high technology of relevant fields.

关键词： radio astronomy radio telescope active reflector.

Progress in Space Solar telescope

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第11期52卷 1655-1659页

作者： DENG YuanYong ZHANG HongQi Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China

In this paper we will summarize the progress in the development of the Chinese Space Solar telescope (SST) during the past few years. The main scientific objective of SST is to observe the fundamental structure of solar magnetic field with its 1-m optical telescope. The success of 1-m Swedish Solar telescope and Hinode underscores the importance of this 1-m space telescope. In addition, some key technical problems have been solved.

关键词： the Sun magnetic field high resolution high sensitivity Space Solar telescope

New developments of MSRT's working modes:One-dimen-sional radio heliograph and IPS telescope

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第19期46卷 1598-1603页

作者： ZHANG Xizheng WU Jianghua CHEN Hongsheng ZHENG Yijia PIAO Tingyi WANG Xinmin National Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100012China Beijing Astrophysics Center CAS and Peking UniversityBeijing 100012China

This note introduces the newly developed working modes, i.e. one-dimensional meter-wave radio heliograph (MRH) and interplanetary scintillation (IPS) telescope, of meter-wave aperture synthesis radio telescope (MSRT) at Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO). The note describes briefly the scientific objectives, configurations of the hardware and software, and functions of the system. It presents the examples of observations on solar meter-wave bursts and IPS with the two new working modes. The results indicated that new modes not only can provide the information on the evolution of solar activities with space and time, but also can trace and monitor the propagation and spatial distribution of interplanetary plasma shock resulting from solar activities and the instability of the ionosphere, etc. Both modes are new facilities that could fill the gaps in scientific frontiers.

关键词： radio telescope solar activity radio burst IPS observational mode.