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Co-morbidity of malnutrition with falciparum malaria parasitaemia among children under the aged 6-59 months in Somalia:a geostatistical analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 714-722页

作者： Damaris K.Kinyoki Grainne M.Moloney Olalekan A.Uthman Elijah O.Odundo Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala Abdisalan M.Noor Robert W.Snow James A.Berkley Spatial Health Metrics Group INFORM ProjectKenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeNairobiKenya Nutrition Section United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)Kenya Country OfficeUN Complex GigiriNairobiKenya Warwick Medical School Health Sciences Research InstituteWarwick EvidenceUniversity of WarwickGibbet HillCoventry CV47ALUK Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit(FSNAU)-Somalia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsNgecha Road CampusNairobiKenya Department of Mathematics and Information sciences Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of AgderKristiansandNorway Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Kenya Medical Research Institute/wellcome trust Research Programme Centre for Geographic Medicine Research(coast)KilifiKenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordCCVTMOxford OX37LJUK

Background:Malnutrition and malaria are both significant causes of morbidity and mortality in African ***,the extent of their spatial comorbidity remains unexplored and an understanding of their spatial correlation structure would inform improvement of integrated *** aimed to determine the spatial correlation between both wasting and low mid upper arm circumference(MUAC)and falciparum malaria among Somalian children aged 6-59 ***:Data were from 49227 children living in 888 villages between 2007 to *** developed a Bayesian geostatistical shared component model in order to determine the common spatial distributions of wasting and falciparum malaria;and low-MUAC and falciparum malaria at 1×1 km spatial ***:The empirical correlations with malaria were 0.16 and 0.23 for wasting and low-MUAC *** spatial residual effects were statistically significant for both wasting and *** posterior spatial relative risk was highest for low-MUAC and malaria(range:0.19 to 5.40)and relatively lower between wasting and malaria(range:0.11 to 3.55).Hotspots for both wasting and low-MUAC with malaria occurred in the South Central region in ***:The findings demonstrate a relationship between nutritional status and falciparum malaria parasitaemia,and support the use of the relatively simpler MUAC measurement in *** spatial distribution and distinct hotspots present opportunities for targeted seasonal chemoprophylaxis and other forms of malaria prevention integrated within nutrition programmes.

关键词： Malnutrition Wasting Low-MUAC Malaria Comorbidity Somalia

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Highly Sensitive Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide Microgel-based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期36卷 269-278页

作者： CHEN Hao HOU Zhi Yuan CHEN Die LI Ting WANG Yi Ming DE LIMA Marcelo Andrade YANG Ying GUO Zhen Zhong Department of Anaesthesiology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030HubeiChina Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430065HubeiChina Department of Pharmacy Medical CollegeWuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065HubeiChina School of Public Health Medical CollegeWuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065HubeiChina School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUK School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST47QBUK

Objective Late 2019 witnessed the outbreak and widespread transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a new,highly contagious disease caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Consequently,considerable attention has been paid to the development of new diagnostic tools for the early detection of *** In this study,a new poly-N-isopropylacrylamide microgel-based electrochemical sensor was explored to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein(S protein)in human *** microgel was composed of a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid,and gold nanoparticles were encapsulated within the microgel through facile and economical *** electrochemical performance of the sensor was evaluated through differential pulse *** Under optimal experimental conditions,the linear range of the sensor was 10-13-10-9 mg/m L,whereas the detection limit was 9.55 fg/***,the S protein was instilled in artificial saliva as the infected human saliva model,and the sensing platform showed satisfactory detection *** The sensing platform exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity in detecting spike protein,indicating its potential application for the time-saving and inexpensive detection of SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： Microgel SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein Detection

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Malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in Harari Region,Eastern Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第6期9卷 102-103页

作者： Endashaw Esayas Asefa Tufa Fekadu Massebo Abdulhamid Ahemed Ibssa Ibrahim Dereje Dillu Eyuel Asemahegn Bogale Solomon Yared Kebede Deribe 不详 Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Directorate Armauer Hansen Research InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background: Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two *** of this progress,the country has shifted efforts from control to elimination of *** study was conducted to analyse the malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern ***:: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the epidemiology of malaria by reviewing the district health office data from 2013 to 2019 in Harari *** addition,three years of sub-district level malaria data were used to stratify the malaria transmission *** interventions(Long-lasting insecticidal nets[LLIN]and indoor residual spraying[IRS])employed were reviewed to analyse the intervention coverage at the Regional *** statistics were used to show the malaria transmission in terms of years,season and species of the malaria *** rate per 1000 population and death rate per 1000000 population at risk were computed using the total population of each ***: In the Harari Region,malaria incidence showed a more pronounced declining trend from 2017 to *** falciparum,*** and mixed infections accounted for 69.2%,30.6%and 0.2%of the cases,*** was an increment in malaria intervention coverage and improved malaria *** the year 2019 the coverage of LLIN and IRS in the Region were 93.4%and 85.1%*** annual malaria incidence rate dropped from 42.9 cases per 1000 population in 2013 to 6.7 cases per 1000 population in ***-related deaths decreased from 4.7 deaths per 1000000 people annually in 2013 to zero,and there have been no deaths reported since *** malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts.A higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Erer and Jenella districts,which constitute 62%of the cases in the *** to the sub-district level malaria stratification,there wa

关键词： Malaria elimination Epidemiology Incidence Harari region Ethiopia Interventions Sub-district Stratification

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Diagnostic tools in male infertility--the question of sperm dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 53-58页

作者： Christopher LR Barratt Steven Mansell Catherine Beaton Steve Tardif Senga K Oxenham Reproductive and Developmental Biology Maternal and Child Health Science Laboratories Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine Ninewells Hospital University of Dundee Dundee DD1 9SY Scotland UK Assisted Conception Unit NHS Tavside Ninewelts Hospital. Dundee. DD1 9SY. Scotland. UK

Sperm dysfunction is the single most common cause of infertility, yet what is remarkable is that, there is no drug a man can take or add to his spermatozoa in vitroto improve fertility. One reason for the lack of progress in this area is that our understanding of the cellular and molecular workings of the mature spermatazoon is limited. However, over the last few years there has been considerable progress in our knowledge base and in addressing new methods to diagnose sperm dysfunction. We review the current state of the field and provide insights for further development. We conclude that：（i） there is little to be gained from more studies identifying/categorizing various populations of men using a basic semen assessment, where an effort is required in making sure the analysis is performed in an appropriate high quality way; （ii） technological development is likely to bring the reality of sperm function testing closer to implementation into the clinical pathways. In doing this, these assays must be robust, cheap （or more appropriately termed cost effective）, easy to use and clinically useful; and （iii） clinical necessity, e.g., the need to identify the highest quality spermatozoon for injection is driving basic research forward. This is an exciting time to be an andrologist and, likely, a fruitful one.

关键词： gamete biomarker male fertility sperm biomarker sperm dysfunction

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Importance of gastrin in the pathogenesis and treatment of gastric tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第1期15卷 1-16页

作者： Michael D Burkitt Andrea Varro D Mark Pritchard Gastroenterology Unit School of Clinical Sciences University of LiverpoolAshton Street Liverpool L69 3GE United Kingdom The Physiological Laboratory School of Biomedical Sciences University of LiverpoolCrown Street Liverpool L69 3BX United Kingdom

In addition to regulating acid secretion, the gastric antral hormone gastrin regulates several important cellular processes in the gastric epithelium including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, tissue remodelling and angiogenesis. Elevated serum concentrations of this hormone are caused by many conditions, particularly hypochlorhydria (as a result of autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-induced chronic atrophic gastritis or acid suppressing drugs) and gastrin producing tumors (gastrinomas). There is now accumulating evidence that altered local and plasma concentrations of gastrin may play a role during the development of various gastric tumors. In the absence of H pylori infection, marked hypergastrinemia frequently results in the development of gastric enterochromaffi n cell-like neuroendocrine tumors and surgery to remove the cause of hypergastrinemia may lead to tumor resolution in this condition. In animal models such as transgenic INS-GAS mice, hypergastrinemia has also been shown to act as a cofactor with Helicobacter infection during gastric adenocarcinoma development. However, it is currently unclear as to what extent gastrin also modulates human gastric adenocarcinoma development. Therapeutic approaches targeting hypergastrinemia,such as immunization with G17DT, have been evaluated for the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma, with some promising results. Although the mild hypergastrinemia associated with proton pump inhibitor drug use has been shown to cause ECL-cell hyperplasia and to increase H pylori-induced gastric atrophy, there is currently no convincing evidence that this class of agents contributes towards the development of gastric neuroendocrine tumors or gastric adenocarcinomas in human subjects.

关键词：胃泌素瘤胃癌肿瘤治疗方法发病机理幽门螺杆菌感染胃神经内分泌肿瘤高胃泌素血症慢性萎缩性胃炎

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Projections of heat-related excess mortality in China due to climate change,population and aging

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第11期17卷 145-155页

作者： Zhao Liu Si Gao Wenjia Cai Zongyi Li Can Wang Xing Chen Zhiyuan Ma Zijian Zhao School of Airport Economics and Management Beijing Institute of Economics and ManagementBeijing 100102China Department of Earth System Science Institute for Global Change StudiesMinistry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory BirdsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKLESPC) and School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization(GEIDCO) Beijing 100052China

Climate change is one of the biggest health threats of the 21st *** China is the biggest developing country,with a large population and different climate types,its projections of large-scale heat-related excess mortality remain *** particular,the effects of climate change on aging populations have not been well studied,and may result in significantly underestimation of heat *** this study,we took four climate change scenarios of Tier-1 in CMIP6,which were combinations of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs).We used the exposure-response functions derived from previous studies combined with baseline age-specific non-accidental mortality rates to project heat-related excess ***,we employed the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)method to decompose the impacts of climate change,population growth,and aging on heat-related excess ***,we multiplied the heat-related Years of Life Lost(YLL)with the Value of a Statistical Life Year(VSLY)to quantify the economic burden of premature *** found that the heat-related excess mortality would be concentrated in central China and in the densely populated south-eastern coastal *** aging is considered,heat-related excess mortality will become 2.8–6.7 times than that without considering aging in 2081–2100 under different *** contribution analysis showed that the effect of aging on heat-related deaths would be much higher than that of climate *** findings highlighted that aging would lead to a severe increase of heat-related deaths and suggesting that regional-specific policies should be formulated in response to heat-related risks.

关键词： Heat-related excess mortality LMDI Aging YLL VSLY

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Effector-Decoy Pairs： Another Countermeasure Emerging during Host-Microbe Co-evolutionary Arms Races？

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Molecular Plant 2017年第5期10卷 662-664页

作者： Michael Cummins Edgar Huitema wellcome trust PhD Programme School of Life Sciences University of Dundee Dow Street Dundee DD1 5EH UK Division of Plant Science School of Life Sciences University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute (JHI) Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK Dundee Effector Consortium JHI Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA UK

Plant pathogenic microbes pose a significant threat to food production, collectively affecting all cultivated crops. Given the impact of these pathogens on food security, there continues to be an urgent need to understand and exploit the biology of pathogenesis, plant susceptibility, and immunity in crop systems. Consequently, intense research efforts have helped define the molecular and evolutionary events that underpin plant-microbe interactions.

关键词： Effector-Decoy Pairs Another Countermeasure Emerging

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Generation of antibodies against disintegrin and cysteine-rich domains by DNA immunization: An approach to neutralize snake venom-induced haemorrhage

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第3期7卷 198-207页

作者： Sidgi Syed Anwer Abdo Hasson Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine and Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 35MuscatOman

Objective: To explore whether a DNA immunization approach targeting the major haemorrhage molecule of a prothrombin activator-like metalloproteinase from Echis ocellatus(E. ocellatus) venom could be conceived to inspire antibodies with more prominent specificity and equal adequacy to current conventional antivenoms ***: The isolated DNA Eo MP-6 was used as the template for PCR amplification using the Eo DC-2-specific forward and reverse primers. A PCR product of approximately700 bp was obtained and cloned into p Sec Tag-B expression vector where anti-Eo DC-2antibodies were generated and analysed for their efficacy to neutralise local haemorrhage in vitro and in ***: Our results suggest that the generated anti-Eo DC-2 showed a remarkable efficacy by(a) interfering with the interaction of the recombinant disintegrin "Eo DC-2" isolated from the E. ocellatus as well as other viper species to the a2b1-integrins on platelets;(b) complete inhibition of the catalytic site of the metalloproteinase molecules in vitro using an adaptation antibody zymography assay. Furthermore, it has a polyspecific potential and constitutively expressed significant inhibition by cross-reaction and neutralised venom-induced local haemorrhage exerted by different viper species in vivo. The potential characteristic of Eo DC-2 against one part(the non-catalytic domain) as opposed to the whole molecule to neutralise its haemorrhagic activity is of crucial importance as it represents a novel approach with greater immunological specificity and fewer hazards, if any, than conventional systems of antivenom production, by exposure large animals that usually being used for the current antivenom production to a less injurious than expression of the whole molecule containing the catalytic metalloprotease domain. Hence, we report for the first time that our preliminary results hold a promising future for antivenom ***: Antibodies generated against the E. ocellatus ve

关键词： Snake Antivenoms Echis ocellatus GeneGun DNA-immunization Antibody zymography Neutralization

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Perspectives on disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 signaling in neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 555-556页

作者： Jayanth S.Chandran Sheffield Institute of Translational Research (SITraN) University of Sheffield

New neurons are generated and integrate into existing circuitry within the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the olfactory bulb of most mammals （Gage and Temple, 2013）. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus persists through adulthood, and while its function and importance remains unclear, it appears to be required in the formation of specific types of learning and memory that may be compromised in neurological disorders （Gage and Temple, 2013）. A balanced translocation in Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 （DISC1） was discovered in a large Scottish family with a high incidence of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder （Millar et al., 2000）, and several independent animal models demonstrate that DISC1 mediates multiple aspects of embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Here, we will discuss the data linking DISC1 to neurogenesis, and define some of the questions that remain unanswered regarding DISC1 function.

关键词： gene DISC NSCs

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Controlling human platelet activation with calcium-binding nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2020年第10期13卷 2697-2705页

作者： David Cabrera Karen Walker Sandhya Moise Neil D.Telling Alan G.S.Harper School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityGuy Hilton Research CenireThormburrow DriveHartshill Stoke-on Trent ST47QBUK ?Central Electron Microscope Unit School of Life SciencesKeele UniversityNewcastle-under LIymeStaffordshireST55BGUK Department of Chemical Engineering University of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Medicine Keele UniversityNewcastle-under-LymeStaffordshireST55BGUK

Human platelets aggregate at sites of blood vessel damage in response to a rise in their cytosolic calcium *** these cytosolic calcium rises would provide a method to inhibit platelet activation and prevent the unwanted blood clots that causes heart attack and *** we have predicted that calcium accumulation within the lumen of an infolded portion of the platelet plasma membrane called the open canalicular system(OCS)is essential for maintaining this cytosolic calcium *** to its nanometer dimensions of the OCS,it has been difficult to measure or interfere with the predicted luminal calcium *** we utilise iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles coated with the known calcium chelator,citrate,to create calcium-binding *** were used to assess whether an OCS calcium store plays a role in controlling the dynamics of human platelet activation and *** demonstrate that citrate-coated nanoparticles are rapidly and selectively uptaken into the OCS of activated human platelets,where they act to buffer the accumulation of calcium *** with these calcium-binding nanoparticles reduced thrombin-evoked cytosolic calcium rises,and slowed platelet aggregation and clot retraction in human *** contrast,nanoparticles that cannot bind calcium have no *** study demonstrates that the OCS acts as a key source of calcium for maintaining cytosolic calcium rises and accelerating platelet aggregation,and that calcium-binding nanoparticles targeted to the OCS could provide an anti-platelet therapy to treat patients at risk of suffering heart attacks or strokes.

关键词： nanochelators human platelets open canalicular system calcium signaling nanoparticles

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