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A One-Health Sampling Strategy to Explore the Dissemination and Relationship Between Colistin Resistance in Human,Animal,and Environmental Sectors in Laos

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 45-56页

作者： Yuqing Zhou Refath Farzana Somsavanh Sihalath Sayaphet Rattanavong Manivanh Vongsouvath Mayfong Mayxay Kirsty Sands Paul N.Newton David A.B.Dance Brekhna Hassan Timothy R.Walsh Department of Zoology University of OxfordOxford OX13SZUK Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research(IOI) University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Department of Medical Microbiology Institute of Infection and ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XNUK Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-wellcome trust Research Unit Microbiology LaboratoryMahosot HospitalVientiane PO Box 292Lao PDR Centre for Tropical Medicine&Global Health Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37BNUK Institute of Research and Education Development University of Health SciencesVientiane PO Box 7444Lao PDR Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK

This study was designed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of mobile colistin resistance(mcr)using a"One-Health"approach in Laos and to predict whether any dominant plasmid backbone and/or strain type influences the dissemination of *** collected 673 samples from humans(rectal normal flora),poultry,and the environment(water,flies,birds,etc.)in Vientiane,Lao People’s Democratic Republic(Laos),from May to September 2018.A total of 238 Escherichia coli(***)isolated from nonduplicative samples,consisting of 98 MCR-positive ***(MCRPEC)("mcr"denotes the gene encoding mobile colistin resistance,and"MCR"denotes the subsequent protein encoded by mcr)and 140 MCRnegative ***(MCRNEC),were characterized by phenotype and Illumina sequencing.A subset of MCRPEC was selected for Min ION sequencing,conjugation assay,plasmid stability,and growth kinetics in *** prevalence of MCRPEC was found to be 14.6%(98/673),with the highest prevalence in human rectal swabs(45.9%(45/98),p<0.0001,odds ratio(OR):0.125,95% confidence interval(CI):0.077-0.202).The percentages of MCRPEC from other samples were 14.3%(2/14)in dog feces,12.0%(24/200)in flies,11.0%(11/100)in chicken meat,8.9%(8/90)in chicken cloacal,8.0%(4/50)in chicken caeca,and 7.5%(4/53)in *** was significantly more resistant to co-amoxiclav,sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and gentamicin than MCRNEC(p<0.05).Genomic analysis revealed the distribution of MCRPEC among diverse clonal *** putative plasmid Inc types associated with mcr-1 were Inc X4,Inc HI2,Inc P1,Inc I2,and Inc FIA,and those associated with mcr-3 were Inc FII,Inc FIA,Inc FIB,Inc P1,and Inc *** of highly similar plasmids from both flies and other sampling sectors implied the role of flies in the dissemination of ***-positive plasmids were shown to be conjugative,and a significantly high transfer rate into a hypervirulent clone ST1193 was *** containing mcr irrespective of Inc type w

关键词： Colistin resistance mcr Escherichia coli Laos Horizontal transmission

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Phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer and its implications for the human gut microbiome

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 78-89页

作者： Tatiana Borodovich Andrey N.Shkoporov R.Paul Ross Colin Hill APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkCorkIreland School of Microbiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in the microbiome has profound consequences for human health and *** spread of antibiotic resistance genes,virulence,and pathogenicity determinants predominantly occurs by way of *** exists of extensive horizontal transfer in the human gut *** transduction is a type of HGT event in which a bacteriophage transfers non-viral DNA from one bacterial host cell to *** abundance of tailed bacteriophages in the human gut suggests that transduction could act as a significant mode of HGT in the gut *** we review in detail the known mechanisms of phage-mediated HGT,namely specialized and generalized transduction,lateral transduction,gene-transfer agents,and molecular piracy,as well as methods used to detect phage-mediated HGT,and discuss its potential implications for the human gut microbiome.

关键词： gut phageome horizontal gene transfer gene transduction phage-mediated gene transfer

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苏州市成年人睡眠时长与慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病风险关联的前瞻性研究

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中华流行病学杂志 2024年第3期45卷 331-338页

作者：杨梦诗范习康苏健宛星霖俞浩陆艳华钰洁金建荣裴培余灿清孙点剑一吕筠陶然周金意东南大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系南京210009 江苏省疾病预防控制中心南京210009 南京医科大学公共卫生学院南京211166 苏州市疾病预防控制中心苏州215003 苏州市吴中区疾病预防控制中心苏州215128 北京大学公众健康与重大疫情防控战略研究中心北京100191 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系北京100191 重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学) 北京100191

目的探讨苏州市成年人睡眠时长与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发病的前瞻性关联。方法利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究苏州市吴中区项目点53269名30~79岁调查对象的基线和随访信息,基线调查开展于2004-2008年,本研究使用的数据随访截至2017年12月3... 详细信息

目的探讨苏州市成年人睡眠时长与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发病的前瞻性关联。方法利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究苏州市吴中区项目点53269名30~79岁调查对象的基线和随访信息,基线调查开展于2004-2008年,本研究使用的数据随访截至2017年12月31日。剔除基线气流阻塞者、基线调查时自报患有慢性支气管炎/肺气肿/肺心病、数据异常或缺失的研究对象后,最终纳入分析45336名。利用Cox比例风险回归模型分析睡眠时长与COPD发病风险的关联,并计算发病风险比(HR)值及其95%CI。按照年龄、性别、生活方式等因素进行分层分析,根据吸烟状况和每日睡眠时长交叉分组进行联合分析。结果研究对象中位随访时间为11.12年,随访期间共诊断COPD 515名。调整潜在混杂因素后,多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,每日睡眠时长≥10 h增加COPD发病风险(HR=1.42,95%CI:1.03~1.97)。联合分析结果显示,睡眠时长过长(≥10 h)可显著增加吸烟者COPD发病风险(HR=2.49,95%CI:1.35~4.59,交互作用P<0.001)。结论每日睡眠时长过长(≥10 h)可以增加苏州市成年人中COPD发病风险,在吸烟者中更加明显。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病睡眠时长前瞻性研究

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Towards a better understanding of antimicrobial resistance dissemination:what can be learnt from studying model conjugative plasmids?

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Military Medical Research 2022年第5期9卷 592-602页

作者： Zhen Shen Christoph M.Tang Guang-Yu Liu Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxfordOX13REUK Department of Laboratory Medicine Ren Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China

Bacteria can evolve rapidly by acquiring new traits such as virulence,metabolic properties,and most importantly,antimicrobial resistance,through horizontal gene transfer(HGT).Multidrug resistance in bacteria,especially in Gram-negative organisms,has become a global public health threat often through the spread of mobile genetic *** represents a major form of HGT and involves the transfer of DNA from a donor bacterium to a recipient by direct *** plasmids,a major vehicle for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance,are selfish elements capable of mediating their own transmission through *** spread to and survive in a new bacterial host,conjugative plasmids have evolved mechanisms to circumvent both host defense systems and compete with co-resident *** mechanisms have mostly been studied in model plasmids such as the F plasmid,rather than in conjugative plasmids that confer antimicrobial resistance(AMR)in important human pathogens.A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for predicting the flow of antimicrobial resistance-conferring conjugative plasmids among bacterial populations and guiding the rational design of strategies to halt the spread of antimicrobial ***,we review mechanisms employed by conjugative plasmids that promote their transmission and establishment in Gram-negative bacteria,by following the life cycle of conjugative plasmids.

关键词： Horizontal gene transfer Antimicrobial resistance Conjugative plasmids Type IV secretion system Restriction-modification systems SOS response Entry exclusion Fertility inhibition

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The association between radiological spreading pattern and clinical outcomes in necrotizing external otitis

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Journal of Otology 2022年第3期17卷 156-163页

作者： W.Leentje van der Meer Ahmed B.Bayoumy Josje J.Otten Jerome J.Waterval Henricus P.M.Kunst Alida A.Postma Department of Radiology&Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Centerthe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Maastricht University Medical Centerthe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical Centerthe Netherlands School for Mental Health&Neuroscience Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands Dutch Academic Alliance Skull Base Pathology Maastricht University Medical Center+Radboud University Medical CenterMaastricht/Nijmegenthe Netherlands

Objectives: Necrotizing external otitis(NEO) is a rare infectious disease of the skull base. The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinical outcomes of NEO can be correlated to different infectious spread ***: Retrospective chart review from 2010 to 2019 with NEO patients, who were divided into two cohorts: single spreading patterns(group A) or complex spreading patterns(group B) as diagnosed by *** symptoms, diagnostic and treatment delay, course of disease, complications, and duration of antibiotic exposure were retrospectively collected from patient ***: 41 NEO patients were included, of which 27 patients belonged to group A(66%). The diseaserelated mortality rate was 12.2% among the entire cohort, no differences were found between group A and B. Higher rates of ***(42.9% vs 14.8% P = 0.047) and N. IX palsies were found in group B compared to group A(28.6% vs 3.7%, P = 0.039). The median duration of antibiotic use was significantly different for a complex spreading pattern, clinical recovery and hospitalizations. Complications were associated with higher diagnostic delay and with a complex spread pattern. The median duration of follow-up was 12.0(IQR 6.0-19.5) ***: NEO is a severe disease, with significant mortality and morbidity(cranial nerve palsies). The radiological spread pattern may assist in predicting clinical outcome. Furthermore, complex spread patterns are associated with higher rates of clinical nerve palsies(N. VII and ***), complications, surgery rates and longer duration of antibiotic use. Diagnostic delay was associated with mortality, complications and facial palsies.

关键词： Necrotizing external otitis Malignant external otitis Skull base osteomyelitis Clinical manifestation Spreading routes Antibiotic exposure Facial nerve palsy

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AMPK promotes lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis via folliculin:FNIP1

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Life Metabolism 2023年第5期2卷 2-5页

作者： Jordana B.Freemantle D.Grahame Hardie Division of Cell Signalling&Immunology School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD15EHScotlandUnited Kingdom

The AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)is known to maintain the integrity of cellular mitochondrial networks by(i)promoting fission,(ii)inhibiting fusion,(iii)promoting recycling of damaged components via mitophagy,(iv)enhancing lysosomal biogenesis to support mitophagy,and(v)promoting biogenesis of new mitochondrial *** the AMPK targets underlying the first three of these effects are known,a recent paper suggests that direct phosphorylation of the folliculin-interacting protein 1(FNIP1)by AMPK may be involved in the remaining two.

关键词： maintain interacting genesis

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Cell-based allometry:an approach for evaluation of complexity in morphogenesis

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Quantitative Biology 2023年第2期11卷 183-203页

作者： Ali Tarihi Mojtaba Tarihi Taki Tiraihi Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and EngineeringShahid Behshti UniversityTehran 19839-69411Iran Department of Computer Engineering Sharif University of TechnologyTehran 11365-11155Iran Department of Anatomical Sciences School of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehran 14117-13116Iran

Background:Morphogenesis is a complex process in a developing animal at the organ,cellular and molecular *** this investigation,allometry at the cellular level was ***:Geometric information,including the time-lapse Cartesian coordinates of each cell's center,was used for calculating the allometric coefficients.A zero-centroaxial skew-symmetrical matrix(CSSM),was generated and used for constructing another square matrix(basic square matrix:BSM),then the determinant of BSM was calculated(d).The logarithms of absolute d(Lad)of cell group at different stages of development were plotted for all of the cells in a range of development stages;the slope of the regression line was estimated then used as the allometric ***,the lineage growth rate(LGR)was also calculated by plotting the Lad against the logarithm of the *** complexity index at each stage was *** method was tested on a developing Caenorhabditis elegans ***:We explored two out of the four first generated blastomeres in *** *** ABp and EMS lineages show that the allometric coefficient of ABp was higher than that of EMS,which was consistent with the complexityindexas well ***:The conclusion of this study is that the complexity of the differentiating cells in a developing embryo can be evaluated by allometric scaling based on the data derived from the Cartesian coordinates of the cells at different stages of development.

关键词： embryogenesis allometry complexity C.elegans bioinformatics skew matrix morphogenesis

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Autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis:friend or foe?

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第6期9卷 1594-1607页

作者： Charlotte Hill Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process where long-lived and damaged organelles are *** has been widely associated with several ageing-process as well in diseases such as neurodegeneration,cancer and fibrosis,and is now being utilised as a target in these *** pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a progressive,interstitial lung disease with limited treatment options *** is characterised by abnormal extracellular matrix(ECM)deposition by activated *** is understood that repetitive microinjuries to aged-alveolar epithelium combined with genetic factors drive the *** groups have demonstrated that autophagy is altered in IPF although whether autophagy has a protective effect or not is yet to be *** has also been shown to influence many other processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and endothelialmesenchymal transition(EndMT)which are known to be key in the pathogenesis of *** this review,we summarise the findings of evidence of altered autophagy in IPF lungs,as well as examine its roles within lung *** these findings,together with the growing use of autophagy manipulation in a clinical setting,this is an exciting area for further research in the study of lung fibrosis.

关键词： Ageing Autophagy EMT Fibrosis IPF

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lung cancer treatment and research

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1217-1219页

作者： Shreya Kailas Lovlekar Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Despite recent advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy,the mortality rate seen in lung cancer(LC)is the highest of all cancer *** recent topical coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)and its subsequent pandemic have resulted in over 505 million confirmed cases and approxi-mately 6.2 million fatalities as of April 2022,1 with a stag-gering 30%e50%mortality rate seen in LC patients with COVID-19.2 Cancer patients,in particular,are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection due to immunosuppression.

关键词： mortality cancer lung

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Prospective,multicentre study of screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage in the UK and Ireland

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 207-216,I0028-I0059页

作者： James J M Loan Steven Tominey Kirun Baweja Julie Woodfield Thomas J G Chambers Mark Haley Simran S Kundu H Y Josephine Tang Anthony N Wiggins Michael T C Poon Paul M Brennan Translational Neurosurgery The University of Edinburgh Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesEdinburghUK Neurosurgery NHS LothianEdinburghUK Neurosurgery Institute of Neurological SciencesGlasgowUK Department of Medicine School of MedicineDentisty and NuringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Internal Medicine Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences University of EdinburghEdinburghUK Edinburgh Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology NHS LothianEdinburghUK Radiology University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouthUK Department of Medicine Cork University HospitalUniversity College CorkCorkIreland

Background Hyponatraemia often occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH).However,its clinical significance and optimal management are *** audited the screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after *** We prospectively identified consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH admitted to neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom or *** reviewed medical records daily from admission to discharge,21 days or death and extracted all measurements of serum sodium to identify hyponatraemia(10 *** of hyponatraemia with outcome were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for predictors of outcome after SAH and admission *** assessed hyponatraemia-free survival using multivariable Cox *** 175/407(43%)patients admitted to 24 neurosurgical units developed hyponatraemia.5976 serum sodium measurements were *** osmolality,urine osmolality and urine sodium were measured in 30/166(18%)hyponatraemic patients with complete *** most frequently target daily fluid intake was>3 L and this did not differ during hyponatraemic or non-hyponatraemic episodes.26%(n/N=42/164)patients with hyponatraemia received sodium supplementation.133(35%)patients were dead or dependent within the study period and 240(68%)patients had hospital admission for over 10 *** the multivariable analyses,hyponatraemia was associated with less dependency(adjusted OR(aOR)=0.35(95%CI 0.17 to 0.69))but longer admissions(aOR=3.2(1.8 to 5.7)).World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade I-III,modified Fisher 2-4 and posterior circulation aneurysms were associated with greater hazards of *** In this comprehensive multicentre prospective-adjusted analysis of patients with SAH,hyponatraemia was investigated inconsistently and,for most patients,was not associated with changes in management or clinical outcome.T

关键词： admitted urine centre

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