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Coupled Pacific Rim megadroughts contributed to the fall of the MingDynasty’s capital in 1644 CE

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Science Bulletin 2024年第19期69卷 3106-3114页

作者： Feng Chen Tao Wang Xiaoen Zhao Jan Esper Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist Ulf Büntgen Hans W.Linderholm David Meko Hongna Xu Weipeng Yue Shijie Wang Yujiang Yuan Jingyun Zheng Wei Pan Fidel Roig Martín Hadad Mao Hu Jiachang Wei Fahu Chen Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Institute of International Rivers and Eco-SecurityYunnan UniversityKunming 650504China Southwest United Graduate School Kunming 650504China Climate Change Research Center and Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz 55099Germany Global Change Research Institute(CzechGlobe) Czech Academy of SciencesBrno 60300Czech Republic Department of History Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study LinneanumUppsala 75238Sweden Department of Geography University of CambridgeCambridge CB23ENUK Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno 61137Czech Republic Swiss Federal Research Institute(WSL) Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721USA Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research Institute of Desert MeteorologyChina Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi 830002China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Digital Human Technology R&D and Application of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental IANIGLA-CCT CONICET-Universidad Nacional de CuyoMendoza 5500Argentina Hémera Centro de Observación de La Tierra Escuela de Ingeniería ForestalFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorHuechuraba 85

Historical documents provide evidence for regional droughts preceding the political turmoil and fall of Beijing in 1644 CE,when more than 20 million people died in northern China during the late Ming famine ***,the role climate and environmental changes may have played in this pivotal event in Chinese history remains ***,we provide tree-ring evidence of persistent megadroughts from1576 to 1593 CE and from 1628 to 1644 CE in northern China,which coincided with exceptionally cold summers just before the fall of *** analysis reveals that these regional hydroclimatic extremes are part of a series of megadroughts along the Pacific Rim,which not only impacted the ecology and society of monsoonal northern China,but likely also exacerbated external geopolitical and economic *** finding is corroborated by last millennium reanalysis data and numerical climate model simulations revealing internally driven Pacific sea surface temperature variations and the predominance of decadal scale La Ni?a-like conditions to be responsible for precipitation decreases over northern China,as well as extensive monsoon regions in the *** teleconnection patterns provide a mechanistic explanation for reoccurring drought spells during the late Ming Dynasty and the environmental framework fostering the fall of Beijing in 1644 CE,and the subsequent demise of the Ming Dynasty.

关键词： Paleoclimate Beijing Precipitation reconstruction Climate-society interactions Tree rings Ming Dynasty

Volume Transmission and Its Different Forms in the Central Nervous System

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第5期19卷 323-329页

作者： Kjell Fuxe Dasiel O.Borroto-Escuela Wilber Romero-Fernandez 张维波 Luigi F.Agnati Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Modena

Volume transmission （VT） is a widespread mode of intercellular communication that occurs in the extracellular fluid （ECF） and in the cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） of the brain with VI signals moving from source to target cells via energy gradients leading to diffusion and convection （flow）. The VT channels are diffuse forming a plexus in the extracellular space, while in wiring transmission （WT） the channels （axons, terminals） are private. The speed is slow （seconds-minutes） in VT while rapid in the millisecond range in w-r. The extracellular space is the substrate for VT, which is modulated by the extracellular matrix. Extrasynaptic VT is linked to synaptic transmission and likely often takes place due to incomplete diffusion barriers with the synaptic transmitter reaching extrasynaptic domains of the pre-and post-synaptic membrane of the synapse, the astroglia, and even adjacent synapses. Indications exist for the existence of striatal D2-1ike receptor-mediated extrasynaptic form of dopamine （DA） VT at the local circuit level in vivo in the human striatum. Synaptic glutamate via extrasynaptic VT can act on extrasynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors located on the astroglia leading to Ca2~ mediated astrocytic glutamate release into the extracellular space （ECS）. Long distance peptide VT and CSF VT is the major long distance VT with distances more than 1 mm and flow in the CSF. Indications for long distance vr of beta-endorphin and oxytocin are obtained. We propose that monogamy in the female prairie vole may take place through an increase in oxytocin v-r, especially in nucleus accumbens. Release of extracellular vesicles containing receptors, proteins, RNAs and mtDNA from cellular networks in the central nervous system （CNS） into the ECF and CSF may be a fundamental communication in the CNS. It represents a special form of volume transmission, the Roamer subtype of VT. It may greatly contribute to dynamic events of synaptic plasticity but also to spread of patholog

关键词： extrasynaptic volume transmission long distance volume transmission Roamer type of volume transmission Chinese medicine Meridian

Rapid and Facile Purification of Apolipoprotein A-I from Human Plasma Using Thermoresponsive Nanoparticles

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2011年第3期2卷 258-266页

作者： Martin Lundqvist Tord Berggård Erik Hellstrand Iseult Lynch Kenneth ADawson Sara Linse Tommy Cedervall Centre for BioNano Interactions School of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyUniversity College DublinDublinIreland Department of Protein Technology Lund UniversityLundSweden Biophysical Chemistry Lund University Chemical CentreLundSweden

Nanoparticles can be used to purify proteins from plasma. We report here the purification of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with high specificity from human plasma using copolymeric nanoparticles. We present an optimized protocol using 50:50 NiPAM:BAM copolymer nanoparticles with thermo-responsive properties as an affinity resin. Repeated pelleting and washing of nanoparticle-captured apoA-I is achieved through temperature cycling. The protein is then eluted using urea followed by an ion exchange step for protein concentration and depletion of nanoparticles.

关键词： Apolipoprotein A-I nanoparticles selective purification

环太平洋特大干旱导致公元1644年明朝首都的陷落（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第19期 3106-3114页

作者：陈峰王涛赵晓恩 Jan Esper Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist Ulf Büntgen Hans W.Linderholm David Meko 许红娜岳伟鹏王世杰袁玉江郑景云潘威 Fidel Roig Martín Hadad 胡茂魏家昌陈发虎 Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security Yunnan University Southwest United Graduate School Regional Climate Group Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Climate Change Research Center and Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg University Global Change Research Institute (Czech Globe) Czech Academy of Sciences Department of History Stockholm University Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study Linneanum Department of Geography University of Cambridge Department of Geography Faculty of Science Masaryk University Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL) Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of Arizona Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Digital Human Technology R&D and Application of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Yunnan University Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental IANIGLA-CCT CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Hémera Centro de Observación de La Tierra Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Mayor Laboratorio de Dendrocronología de Zonas áridas CIGEOBIO (CONICET-UNSJ) Gabinete de Geología Ambiental (INGEO-UNSJ) ALPHA State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources (TPESER) Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of We

Historical documents provide evidence for regional droughts preceding the political turmoil and fall of Beijing in 1644 CE, when more than 20 million people died in northern China during the late Ming famine period. However, the role climate and environmental changes may have played in this pivotal event in Chinese history remains unclear. Here, we provide tree-ring evidence of persistent megadroughts from1576 to 1593 CE and from 1628 to 1644 CE in northern China, which coincided with exceptionally cold summers just before the fall of Beijing. Our analysis reveals that these regional hydroclimatic extremes are part of a series of megadroughts along the Pacific Rim, which not only impacted the ecology and society of monsoonal northern China, but likely also exacerbated external geopolitical and economic pressures. This finding is corroborated by last millennium reanalysis data and numerical climate model simulations revealing internally driven Pacific sea surface temperature variations and the predominance of decadal scale La Ni?a-like conditions to be responsible for precipitation decreases over northern China,as well as extensive monsoon regions in the Americas. These teleconnection patterns provide a mechanistic explanation for reoccurring drought spells during the late Ming Dynasty and the environmental framework fostering the fall of Beijing in 1644 CE, and the subsequent demise of the Ming Dynasty.

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镉对骨形态发生蛋白诱导软骨和骨形成的影响

中华预防医学杂志 1997年第5期31卷 292-294页

作者：徐顺清包克光舒柏华姚大纯同济医科大学环境医学研究所

为研究镉对骨组织的直接作用，利用骨形态发生蛋白建立诱导性异位成骨模型，研究镉对软骨和骨形成的影响，采用３５Ｓ、４０Ｃａ掺入率及碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）和酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）活性四项指标反映软骨和骨的形成情况。结果表明：镉... 详细信息

为研究镉对骨组织的直接作用，利用骨形态发生蛋白建立诱导性异位成骨模型，研究镉对软骨和骨形成的影响，采用３５Ｓ、４０Ｃａ掺入率及碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）和酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）活性四项指标反映软骨和骨的形成情况。结果表明：镉对软骨形成过程中的３５Ｓ掺入率无明显影响，但能使骨形成过程中４０Ｃａ掺入率下降，镉能抑制ＡＬＰ活性，但对ＡＣＰ活性无明显作用。由此可见，镉对软骨形成无明显影响，但对软骨内成骨却有明显抑制作用，镉能抑制成骨细胞功能和钙盐沉积。

关键词：镉软骨骨形态发生蛋白骨形成骨质疏松

锥形束CT结合手术显微镜在上颌磨牙颊侧根管口下方分叉患牙治疗中的应用

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华西口腔医学杂志 2011年第3期29卷 282-285页

作者：孙书昱刘溦周经涛方加铄南方医科大学附属口腔医院广东省口腔医院牙体牙髓科广州510280

目的探讨锥形束CT检查结合显微根管技术治疗上颌磨牙颊侧根管口下方分叉病例的临床效果。方法选取需进行根管治疗的上颌磨牙304颗(上颌第一磨牙159颗,上颌第二磨牙145颗),开髓后记录髓室底根管口数目及位置,对术前X线片怀疑为颊侧根管... 详细信息

目的探讨锥形束CT检查结合显微根管技术治疗上颌磨牙颊侧根管口下方分叉病例的临床效果。方法选取需进行根管治疗的上颌磨牙304颗(上颌第一磨牙159颗,上颌第二磨牙145颗),开髓后记录髓室底根管口数目及位置,对术前X线片怀疑为颊侧根管口下方分叉的患牙,先在肉眼下探查疏通根管,再根据牙科锥形束CT结果在根管显微镜下在根管口深处寻找疏通根管,确定根管工作长度后逐步深入技术预备根管,冷牙胶侧方加压技术完成根管充填。根据术前、中、后X线片评价根管治疗效果。结果 304颗磨牙中,髓室底两根管口者为51颗,其中颊侧为单一根管口、下方又分为近、远中侧根管者为30颗(上颌第一磨牙8颗,上颌第二磨牙22颗)。牙科锥形束CT结果示根管分叉位于颊侧髓室底根方3～8 mm处。30颗磨牙中,7颗磨牙的根管通过常规操作技术可定位疏通;22颗磨牙的根管通过锥形束CT结合根管显微镜下操作可疏通至根尖区,术中、术后X线片示根管预备、充填良好;8颗磨牙因近颊根第二根管开口于根管中下段或根管钙化而未能疏通。结论牙科锥形束CT检查结合显微根管技术可精准地定位手术区域,是治疗此类疑难根管的有效方法。

关键词：上颌磨牙手术显微镜锥形束CT 根管治疗