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Bifunctional bridging capping layer enables 24.5%efficiency of perovskite solar cells with polymer-based hole transport materials

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Science china Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 350-359页

作者： Can Zhu Yiyang Wang Lei Meng Beibei Qiu Jing Li Shucheng Qin Ke Hu Xin Jiang Wenbin Lai Minchao Liu Zhe Liu Chenxing Lu Jinyuan Zhang Yongfang Li Beijing national Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province College of Physics and Electronic Information EngineeringZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials(HTMs)in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite ***,we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent,quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride(Qx MACl),as the bridging layer,and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p *** to theπ-πstacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM,Qx MACl induces theπ-πstacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better ***,Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface,and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole *** pero-SCs based on FAPbI_(3)with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 24.05%and outstanding stability,maintaining 95.4%and 92.1%of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85℃,*** further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices,we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 *** trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant,the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%(the calibrated PCE of 24.55%by the national Institute of Metrology,china).

关键词： D-A copolymer hole transport materials bifunctional bridge capping layer passivation perovskite solar cells

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High-throughput experimentation and machine learning-promoted synthesis of α-phosphoryloxy ketones via Ru-catalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides

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Science china Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 679-686页

作者： An Lin Jingyuan Liu Yougen Xu Haiting Wu Yating Chen Yan Zhang Lebin Su Xiaodan Zhao Kuangbiao Liao Institute of Organic Chemistry&MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou national Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China Bioland Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China

Herein,we report a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds via Rucatalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and phosphinic acids,with the assistance of high-throughput experimentation(HTE)and machine learning(ML).A variety of P(O)O−H derivatives,including diarylphosphates,alkyl phosphates,and alkoxyphosphates,are competent candidates to react with sulfoxonium ylides in this transformation,and variousα-phosphoryloxy carbonyls and propylene phosphates are directly *** approach utilizes readily available sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene precursor,and features mild conditions,operational simplicity,and broad functional groups tolerance,and could be used for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex bioactive ***,a conducive exploration of the reaction space is also conducted(756 reactions)and a machine learning model for reaction yield prediction has been developed and applied,showcasing the practical application of this newly workflow(HTE-ML)in the field of synthetic chemistry.

关键词： α-phosphoryloxy ketones high-throughput experimentation machine learning P(O)O-H insertion sulfoxonium ylides

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Plant community structure and environmental factors regulate N-P stoichiometry of soil and leaves of larch forests in northern china

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Journal of Forestry research 2025年第1期36卷 103-113页

作者： Wenjing Fang Ming Ouyang Qiong Cai Suhui Ma Zhengbing Yan Haojie Su Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Zhiyao Tang Jingyun Fang School of Ecology and Environmental Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest ChinaYunnan UniversityKunming650091People’s Republic of China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing100871People’s Republic of China

Ecological stoichiometry plays an important role in revealing the mechanisms underlying biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem *** factors have strong effects on N-P stoichiometry,yet the impact of plant community structure,especially in forests,has not been fully *** investigated 68 plots in larch forests in northern china to explore how plant community structure and environmental factors affect the N-P stoichiometry of soil and *** results showed significant differences in soil and leaf N-P stoichiometry among the three larch forests,P concentration and N:P ratio of leaves were significantly related to those of *** for larch forest type,N-P stoichiometry was also regulated by elevation,climatic factors,and community *** increasing age(from 25 to 236 years),soil N and N:P ratio significantly increased,especially in the *** increasing mean DBH,leaf N concentration and N:P ratio also increased,indicating a shift in nutrient limitations with stand *** findings provide evidence that plant community structure and environmental factors regulate soil and leaf N-P stoichiometry,which is critically important for understanding biogeochemical cycles and forest management undergoing natural succession.

关键词： N-P stoichiometry Larch forest Community structure Stand age Leaf

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Exploring the role of cationic lipids in modulating immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of mRNA-LNP

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Particuology 2025年第2期97卷 1-11页

作者： Yan Zhou Xiangfei Shan Renji Gu Yufei Xia Xiaonan Huang State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100081China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing10090China

The mRNA vaccines have become a transformative platform in medicine,with their success during the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating research in viral prevention and cancer *** nanoparticles(LNPs)enhance the stability and efficacy of mRNA vaccines,but achieving an optimal balance between innate immune activation and mRNA expression is crucial for their *** cationic lipids,although largely replaced by ionizable lipids due to concerns over excessive immunogenicity,have demonstrated potential in cancer immunotherapy by inducing strong immune *** this study,we investigated whether incorporating cationic lipids into mRNA-LNP formulations could enhance immunogenicity without requiring new lipid *** introduced varying proportions of cationic lipids into D-Lin-MC3-DMA and SM-102-based LNPs and evaluated their impact on innate immune activation,along with long-term humoral and cellular immune *** results showed that in MC3-based LNPs,cationic lipids significantly improved anti-tumor efficacy,though slightly diminished long-term humoral and cellular *** contrast,in SM-102-based LNPs,cationic lipids enhanced anti-tumor effects without negatively impacting long-term *** findings suggest that adding cationic lipid as an additional component allows for the fine-tuning of mRNA-LNP immunogenicity,expanding the potential applications of mRNA vaccines and simplifying LNP design.

关键词： Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccine Immunogenicity Cationic lipids Immune response

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Extended observer-based consensus tracking control for MASs with external disturbance and dynamic event-triggered strategy

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 228-238页

作者： Jian LIAO Kai MAO Bin XIN Jing HE Yaoqing ZHANG Jun CHENG Delin LUO Shaolei ZHOU College of Physics and Electronic Information Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhou341000China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China College of basic Science Naval Aviation UniversityYantai264001China School of Automation Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China

This article explores the leader-following consensus tracking(LFCK)control issues of multi-agent systems(MASs)in the presence of external disturbances and general directed fixed communication *** purpose is to enable all follower agents to achieve consensus tracking for the leader ***,this article introduces an extended state observer for estimating each follower agent's unknown state and external ***,on the basis of the above-extended state observer and a dynamic event-triggered strategy,a distributed consensus tracking control protocol with disturbances restraint is developed,which can reduce the MAS's update frequency on the premise of ensuring the control protocol's ***,the MAS's stability and the absence of Zeno behavior are analyzed and proved by the established Lyapunov functional and linear matrix inequality ***,the validity and feasibility of the proposed approach are validated through a group of comparative numerical simulation experiments.

关键词： leader-following consensus tracking(LFCK) dynamic event-triggered strategy external disturbances state observer multi-agent systems

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Fault Warning of Satellite Momentum Wheels With a Lightweight Transformer Improved by FastDTW

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第3期12卷 539-549页

作者： Yiming Gao Shi Qiu Ming Liu Lixian Zhang Xibin Cao the School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of Technology IEEE

The momentum wheel assumes a dominant role as an inertial actuator for satellite attitude control systems. Due to the effects of structural aging and external interference, the momentum wheel may experience the gradual emergence of irreversible faults. These fault features will become apparent in the telemetry signal transmitted by the momentum wheel. This paper introduces ADTWformer, a lightweight model for long-term prediction of time series, to analyze the time evolution trend and multi-dimensional data coupling mechanism of satellite momentum wheel faults. Moreover, the incorporation of the approximate Markov blanket with the maximum information coefficient presents a novel methodology for performing correlation analysis,providing significant perspectives from a data-centric ***, the creation of an adaptive alarm mechanism allows for the successful attainment of the momentum wheel fault warning by detecting the changes in the health status curves. The analysis methodology outlined in this article has exhibited positive results in identifying instances of satellite momentum wheel failure in two scenarios, thereby showcasing considerable promise for large-scale applications.

关键词： Approximate Markov blanket fault early warning maximal information coefficient satellite momentum wheel

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Integral Attack on the Full FUTURE Block Cipher

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2025年第1期30卷 161-170页

作者： Zeyu Xu Jiamin Cui Kai Hu Meiqin Wang School of Cyber Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Quan Cheng Laboratory Jinan 250100China

FUTURE is a recently proposed lightweight block cipher that achieved a remarkable hardware performance due to careful design *** is an Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)-like Substitution-Permutation Network(SPN)with 10 rounds,whose round function consists of four components,i.e.,SubCell,MixColumn,ShiftRow,and *** AES,it is a 64-bit-size block cipher with a 128-bit secret key,and the state can be arranged into 16 ***,the operations of FUTURE including its S-box is defined over *** previous studies have shown that the integral properties of 4-bit S-boxes are usually weaker than larger-size S-boxes,thus the number of rounds of FUTURE,i.e.,10 rounds only,might be too aggressive to provide enough resistance against integral *** this paper,we mount the integral cryptanalysis on *** state-of-the-art detection techniques,we identify several integral distinguishers of 7 rounds of *** extending this 7-round distinguisher by 3 forward rounds,we manage to recover all the 128 bits secret keys from the full FUTURE cipher without the full codebook for the first *** further achieve better time complexity,we also present a key recovery attack on full FUTURE with full *** attacks have better time complexity than existing results.

关键词： symmetric-key integral attack division property FUTURE

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Exponential Stability of Impulsive System via Saturated Sliding Mode Control

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第2期12卷 469-471页

作者： Miaomiao Yu Xiaodi Li the Shandong Provincial Engineering research Center of System Control and Intelligent Technology Shandong Normal University School of Mathematics and Statistics Shandong Normal University IEEE

Dear Editor,This letter presents a class of saturated sliding mode control (SMC)strategy for linear systems subject to impulsive disturbance and input saturation. To ensure the feasibility of proposed SMC under saturation, a relationship is established among attraction domain, saturation structure and control gain.

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Influence of minor cerium addition on microstructure and fluidity of as-cast Al-Cu-Mn-Mg alloy

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第2期43卷 377-383,I0006页

作者： Yishan Wang Yu Bai Kaixi Jiang Wenxue Fan Puxuan Wang Hai Hao Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Ningbo research Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016China

Al-Cu-Mn alloys are widely used to produce automobile components like cylinder heads and engine blocks because of their capability to retain excellent thermal and mechanical characteristics at high ***,the Al-Cu-Mn-based alloys demonstrate restricted fluidity,leading to casting defects such as shrinkage and incomplete *** research investigated the microstructure and fluidity of Al-4.7Cu-1.0Mn-0.5Mg(wt%)alloy with minor cerium(Ce)*** as-cast alloys predominantly compriseα-Al matrix,accompanied by the presence of Al_(2)Cu,Al_(6)Mn,and Al_(8)Cu_(4)Ce *** influence of adding Ce on the fluidity of the Al-4.7Cu-1.0Mn-0.5Mg alloy was investigated using a trispiral fluidity test mold in this *** findings suggest that the addition of Ce within the range of 0.1 wt%to 0.5 wt%in the Al-4.7Cu-1.0Mn-0.5Mg alloy results in an enhancement in ***,the alloy containing 0.4 wt%Ce exhibits a significant increase in fluidity distance,from 349.7 to 485.7 *** improvement can be attributed to the reduction in viscosity,the refinement of secondary dendrite arm spacing,and the modification of secondary phase ***,a higher concentration of Ce leads to a decrease in fluidity length,potentially due to the formation of Al_(8)Cu_(4)Ce.

关键词： Al-Cu-Mn-Mg alloy Rare earths Ce addition Microstructure Fluidity

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Effects of bamboo invasion on forest structures and diameter–height allometries

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Forest Ecosystems 2025年第1期12卷 38-45页

作者： Ming Ouyang Anwar Eziz Shuli Xiao Wenjing Fang Qiong Cai Suhui Ma Jiangling Zhu Qingpei Yang Jinming Hu Zhiyao Tang Jingyun Fang School of Ecology and Environmental Science and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of SouthwestYunnan UniversityKunmingChina Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsXinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqiChina Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization and College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangChina

Forest structure is fundamental in determining ecosystem function,yet the impact of bamboo invasion on these structural characteristics remains *** investigated 219 invasion transects at 41 sites across the distribution areas of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)in china to explore the effects of bamboo invasion on forest structural attributes and diameter–height allometries by comparing paired plots of bamboo,mixed bamboo-tree,and non-bamboo forests along the *** found that bamboo invasion decreased the mean and maximum diameter at breast height,maximum height,and total basal area,but increased the mean height,stem density,and scaling exponent for *** also had a higher scaling exponent than tree,particularly in mixed forests,suggesting a greater allocation of biomass to height *** invasion intensity increased,bamboo allometry became more plastic and decreased significantly,whereas tree allometry was indirectly promoted by increasing stem ***,a humid climate may favour the scaling exponents for both bamboo and tree,with only minor contributions from topsoil moisture and nitrogen *** inherent superiority of diameter–height allometry allows bamboo to outcompete tree and contributes to its invasive *** findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the causes and consequences of bamboo invasion.

关键词： Moso bamboo Forest structure Stand density DBHHeight allometry Scaling exponent Wetness index

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