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Localised solid-state nanopore fabrication via controlled breakdown using on-chip electrodes

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Nano Research 2022年第11期15卷 9881-9889页

作者： Jasper P.Fried Jacob L.Swett Binoy Paulose Nadappuram Aleksandra Fedosyuk Alex Gee Ondrej E.Dyck James R.Yates Aleksandar P.Ivanov Joshua B.Edel Jan A.Mol Department of Materials University of OxfordOxfordOX13PHUK School of Chemistry University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonLondonW120BZUK Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de LisboaAv.da RepúblicaOeiras 2780-157Portugal School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of LondonLondonE14NSUK

Controlled breakdown has recently emerged as a highly accessible technique to fabricate solid-state ***,in its most common form,controlled breakdown creates a single nanopore at an arbitrary location in the ***,we introduce a new strategy whereby breakdown is performed by applying the electric field between an on-chip electrode and an electrolyte solution in contact with the opposite side of the *** demonstrate two advantages of this ***,we can independently fabricate multiple nanopores at given positions in the membrane by localising the applied field to the ***,we can create nanopores that are self-aligned with complementary nanoelectrodes by applying voltages to the on-chip electrodes to locally heat the membrane during controlled *** new controlled breakdown method provides a path towards the affordable,rapid,and automatable fabrication of arrays of nanopores self-aligned with complementary on-chip nanostructures.

关键词： solid-state nanopores dielectric breakdown nanofabrication single-molecule sensing nanopore arrays

Ano malous weak values via a single phot on detection

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第6期10卷 963-968页

作者： Enrico Rebufello Fabrizio Piacentini Alessio Avella Muriel A.de Souza Marco Gramegna Jan Dziewior Eliahu Cohen Lev Vaidman Ivo Pietro Degiovanni Marco Genovese INRIM Strada delle Cacce 911-10135 TorinoItaly. National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology-INMETROAv.Nossa Senhora das Granas50Duque de CaxiasRJ 25250-020Brazil. Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-StraBe 185748 GarchingGermany. Department fur Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat80797 MunchenGermany. Faculty of Engi neeri ng and the Institute of Nano tech nology and Advanced Materials Bar Ilan UniversityRamat Gan 5290002Israel. Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv 6997801Israel

Is it possible that a measurement of a spin component of a spin-1/2 particle yields the value 100?In 1988 Aharonov,Albert and Vaidman argued that upon pre-and postselection of particular spin states,weakening the coupling of a standard measurement procedure ensures this paradoxical *** theoretical prediction,called weak value,was realised in numerous experiments2-9,but its meaning remains very controversialsince its"anomalous"nature,i.e.z the possibility to exceed the eigenvalue spectrum,as well as its"quantumness"are *** address these questions by presenting the first experiment measuring anomalous weak values with just a single click,without the need for statistical *** measurement uncertainty is significantly smaller than the gap between the measured weak value and the nearest *** clarifying the meaning of weak values,demonstrating their non-statistical,single-particle nature,this result represents a breakthrough in understanding the foundations of quantum measurement,showing unprecedented measurement capability for further applications of weak values to quantum photonics.

关键词： quantum eigenvalue breakthrough

The road to sustainable use and waste management of plastics in Portugal

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 91-106页

作者： Joana C.Prata Ana LPatrício Silva Armando CDuarte Teresa Rocha-Santos Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM)&Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM)&Department of Biology University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

As a european union(EU)member,Portugal must comply with reductions in plastic *** Portugal,the 330 items/100 m of beach litter,comprising up to 3.9 million pieces and of which 88%is plastic,is higher than the EU median(149 items/100 m)and must be reduced to 20 items/100 m(94%).Integrative measures are needed to reduce littering and improve plastics’use and disposal under the circular *** this 414 kt of plastic packaging waste,163 kt were declared plastic packaging,140 kt subjected to recycling,and 94 kt to energy *** current recycling rate of plastic packaging(34%)should be improved to reach EU recycling averages(42%)and goals and to provide widespread benefits,considering revenues of 167€/*** a net importer of waste,Portugal could benefit from the valorization of imported *** increased recycling,pyrolysis and gasification could provide short-term alternatives for producing value-added substances from plastic waste,such as hydrogen,consistent with the National Plan of Hydrogen and improving ongoing regulations on single-use *** manuscript provides an integrative view of plastics in Portugal,from use to disposal,providing specific recommendations under the circular economy.

关键词： Single-use plastics Plastic packaging Plastic waste Waste management Waste shipment Lightweight plastic bags

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution with a blinking-free quantum dot operated at a temperature up to 20 K

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Advanced Photonics 2021年第6期3卷 31-37页

作者： Christian Schimpf Santanu Manna Saimon F.Covre da Silva Maximilian Aigner Armando Rastelli Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State PhysicsLinzAustria

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution(QKD)promises enhanced robustness against eavesdropping and compatibility with future quantum *** other sources,semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)can generate polarization-entangled photon pairs with near-unity entanglement fidelity and a multiphoton emission probability close to zero even at maximum *** properties have been demonstrated under resonant two-photon excitation(TPE)and at operation temperatures below 10 ***,source blinking is often reported under TPE conditions,limiting the maximum achievable photon *** addition,operation temperatures reachable with compact cryocoolers could facilitate the widespread deployment of QDs,e.g.,in satellite-based quantum *** demonstrate blinking-free emission of highly entangled photon pairs from GaAs QDs embedded in a p-i-n *** fidelity entanglement persists at temperatures of at least 20 K,which we use to implement fiber-based QKD between two buildings with an average raw key rate of 55 bits/s and a qubit error rate of 8.4%.We are confident that by combining electrical control with already demonstrated photonic and strain engineering,QDs will keep approaching the ideal source of entangled photons for real world applications.

关键词： quantum optics quantum dots nanophotonics quantum cryptography

Nonlinear control of photonic higher-order topological bound states in the continuum

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第9期10卷 1726-1735页

作者： Zhichan Hu Domenico Bongiovanni Dario Jukić Ema Jajtić Shiqi Xia Daohong Song Jingjun Xu Roberto Morandotti Hrvoje Buljan Zhigang Chen The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of PhysicsNankai University300457TianjinChina INRS-EMT 1650 Boulevard Lionel-BouletVarennesQCJ3X 1S2Canada Faculty of Civil Engineering University of ZagrebA.Kačića Miošića 2610000ZagrebCroatia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebBijenička c.3210000ZagrebCroatia Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University030006TaiyuanShanxiChina Institute of fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China610054ChengduSichuanChina Department of Physics and Astronomy San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA94132USA

Higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs)are recently discovered topological phases,possessing symmetry-protected corner states with fractional *** unexpected connection between these states and the seemingly unrelated phenomenon of bound states in the continuum(BICs)was recently *** nonlinearity is added to the HOTI system,a number of fundamentally important questions *** example,how does nonlinearity couple higher-order topological BICs with the rest of the system,including continuum states?In fact,thus far BICs in nonlinear HOTIs have remained *** we unveil the interplay of nonlinearity,higher-order topology,and BICs in a photonic *** observe topological corner states that are also BICs in a laser-written second-order topological lattice and further demonstrate their nonlinear coupling with edge(but not bulk)modes under the proper action of both self-focusing and defocusing ***,we calculate the eigenvalue spectrum and analog of the Zak phase in the nonlinear regime,illustrating that a topological BIC can be actively tuned by nonlinearity in such a photonic *** studies are applicable to other nonlinear HOTI systems,with promising applications in emerging topology-driven devices.

关键词： topological nonlinearity nonlinear

Characterization of PetM cytochrome b6f subunit 7 domain-containing protein in tomato

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Horticulture Research 2023年第12期10卷 14-25页

作者： Mustafa Bulut Adriano Nunes-Nesi Alisdair R.Fernie Saleh Alseekh Root Biology and Symbiosis Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 114476 PotsdamGermany Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa 36570-900 MGBrazil Plant Metabolomics The Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology4000 PlovdivBulgaria

In recent years,multiple advances have been made in understanding the photosynthetic machinery in model *** transfer to horticultural important fruit crops is challenging and time-consuming due to restrictions in gene editing tools and prolonged life ***,we characterize a gene encoding a PetM domain-containing protein in *** CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines of the PetM showed impairment in the chloroplastic electron transport rate(ETR),reduced CO_(2) assimilation,and reduction of carotenoids and chlorophylls(Chl)under several light ***,growth-condition-dependent elevation or repression of Chl a/b ratios and de-epoxidation states were identified,underlining possible impairment compensation ***,under low light and glasshouse conditions,there were basal levels in CO_(2) assimilation and ETR,indicating a potential role of the PetM domain in stabilizing the cytochrome b6f complex(Cb6f)under higher light irradiance and increasing its quantum *** suggests a potential evolutionary role in which this domain might stabilize the site of the Cb6f regulating ratios of cyclic and linear electron transport and its potential importance during the conquest of terrestrial ecosystems during which plants were exposed to higher ***,the results are discussed with regard to metabolism and their implication to photosynthesis from an agronomic perspective.

关键词： assimilation metabolism consuming

Sensing and lasing applications of whispering gallery mode microresonators

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2018年第9期1卷 1-10页

作者： Yu Zheng Zhifang Wu Perry Ping Shum Zhilin Xu Gerd Keiser Georges Humbert Hailiang Zhang Shuwen Zeng Xuan Quyen Dinh COFT School of EEE Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore CINTRA CNRS/NTU/Thales Research AllianceSingapore 637553 Singapore Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation College of Information Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China Center for Gravitational Experiments School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University Boston 02215 USA XLIM Research Institute UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges Limoges 87060 France R&T Thales Solutions Asia Pte Ltd Singapore 498755Singapore

Optical whispering gallery mode （WGM） microresonators have attracted great attention due to their remarkable proper- ties such as extremely high quality factor, small mode volume, tight confinement of modes, and strong evanescent field. All these properties of WGM microresonators have ensured their great potentials for applications, such as physical sen- sors, bio/chemical sensors and microlasers. In this mini-review, the key parameters and coupling conditions of WGM microresonators are firstly introduced. The geometries of WGM optical microcavities are presented based on their fabri- cation methods. This is followed by the discussion on the state-of-the-art applications of WGM microresonators in sen- sors and microlasers.

关键词： WGM microresonators sensors microlasers microcavities

Near-Field Scattering Enhancement of Perylene Based Aggregates for Random Lasing

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2019年第6期32卷 739-746,I0003页

作者： Zhen-zhen Zhang Lei-cheng Yin Xiao-long Xu Jiang-ying Xia Kang Xie Gang Zou Xiao-juan Zhang Zhi-jia Hu Qi-jin Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryAnhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUK State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621000China

Strong near-field scattering enhancement (NFSE) of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes(POSS) nanoparticles (NPs) aggregates is found through physical simulation. An aggregation of N,N′-di-[3-(isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes) propyl] perylene diimide(DPP) which possesses POSS as scatteres experimentally performs strong NFSE, which confirms the physical simulation results. Moreover, coherent random laser is triggered from the DPP aggregates in carbon disulfide. It is the NFSE of POSS NPs connected to both ends of DPP through covalent bonds and the NFSE of their aggregation thanks to DPP’s aggregation that is responsible for the coherent random laser. So, this work develops a method to improve weak scattering of system through construction of molecules, and opens a road to a variety of novel interdisciplinary investigations, involving molecular designing for disordered photonics.

关键词： Isolated particles Aggregates DPP Near-field scattering enhancement Random Laser

Highly-collimated, high-charge and broadband MeV electron beams produced by magnetizing solids irradiated by high-intensity lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2019年第4期4卷 1-8页

作者： S.Bolaños J.Beard G.Revet S.N.Chen S.Pikuz E.Filippov M.Safronova M.Cerchez O.Willi M.Starodubtsev J.Fuchs LULI—CNRS Ecole PolytechniqueCEA:Universite Paris-SaclayUPMC Univ Paris 06:Sorbonne UniversitesF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance LNCMI UPR 3228CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA31400 ToulouseFrance Institute of Applied Physics 46 Ulyanov Street603950 Nizhny NovgorodRussian Federation ELI-NP “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS125412 MoscowRussian Federation National Research Nuclear University MEPhI 115409 MoscowRussian Federation Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics University of DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Laser irradiation of solid targets can drive short and high-charge relativistic electron bunches over micron-scale acceleration ***,for a long time,this technique was not considered a viable means of electron acceleration due to the large intrinsic divergence(∼50°half-angle)of the ***,a reduction in this divergence to 10°–20°half-angle has been obtained,using plasma-based magnetic fields or very high contrast laser pulses to extract the electrons into the *** we show that we can further improve the electron beam collimation,down to∼1.5°half-angle,of a high-charge(6 nC)beam,and in a highly reproducible manner,while using standard stand-alone 100 TW-class laser *** is obtained by embedding the laser-target interaction in an external,large-scale(cm),homogeneous,extremely stable,and high-strength(20 T)magnetic field that is independent of the *** upcoming multi-PW,high repetition-rate lasers,this technique opens the door to achieving even higher charges(>100 nC).

关键词： charge high acceleration