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Fertility,genome stability,and homozygosity in a diverse set of resynthesized rapeseed lines

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 468-477页

作者： Elizabeth Ihien Katche Antje schierholt Heiko C.Becker Jacqueline Batley Annaliese s.Mason Plant Breeding Department The University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany Department of Plant Breeding Justus Liebig University35392 GiessenGermany Department of Crop sciences Division of Plant Breeding MethodologyGeorg-August University Göttingen37073 GöttingenGermany school of Biological sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Rapeseed(Brassica napus,AACC)was formed by hybridization between progenitor species Brassica rapa(AA)and Brassica oleracea(CC).As a result of a limited number of hybridization events between specific progenitor genotypes and strong breeding selection for oil quality traits,rapeseed has limited genetic *** production of resynthesized *** lines via interspecific hybridization of the diploid progenitor species *** and *** is one possible way to increase genetic variation in ***,most resynthesized lines produced so far have been reported to be meiotically unstable and infertile,in contrast to established *** *** hinders both maintenance and use of this germplasm in breeding *** characterized a large set of 140 resynthesized lines produced by crosses between *** and ***,as well as between *** and wild C genome species(***,***,***,***,*** and ***)for purity(homozygosity),fertility,and genome ***-pollinated seed set,seeds per ten pods as well as percentage pollen viability were used to estimate *** genotyping was performed using the Illumina Infinium Brassica 60K array for 116 genotypes,with at least three individuals per *** of the material which had been advanced through multiple generations was no longer pure,with heterozygosity detected corresponding to unknown parental contributions via *** and genome stability were both *** lines had high numbers of copy number variants(CNVs),indicative of meiotic instability,and high numbers of CNVs were significantly associated with reduced *** putatively stable resynthesized *** lines were *** investigation of these lines may reveal the mechanisms underlying this *** results suggest that selection of stable resynthesized lines for breeding purposes is possible.

关键词： Fertility Genome stability Copy number variants sNP genotyping Resynthesized lines

ITPK1 is an InsP_(6)/ADP phosphotransferase that controls phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis.

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Molecular Plant 2021年第11期14卷 1864-1880页

作者： Esther Riemer Danye Qiu Debabrata Laha Robert K.Harmel Philipp Gaugler Verena Gaugler Michael Frei Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei Nargis Parvin Laha Lukas Krusenbaum Robin schneider Adolfo saiardi Dorothea Fiedler Henning J.Jessen Gabriel schaaf Ricardo F.H.Giehl Department of Plant Nutrition Institute of Crop Science and Resource ConservationRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn53115 BonnGermany Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and CIBss-Centre for Integrative Biological signalling studies Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg79104 FreiburgGermany Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology(MRC-LMCB) University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Biochemistry Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560012India Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie 13125 BerlinGermany Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin12489 BerlinGermany Institute of Agronomy and Crop Physiology Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany Department of Physiology&Cell Biology Leibniz-lnstitute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research06466 GaterslebenGermany

In plants, phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is regulated by the interaction of PHR transcription factors with stand-alone sPX proteins, which act as sensors for inositol pyrophosphates. Here, we combined different methods to obtain a comprehensive picture of how inositol (pyro)phosphate metabolism is regulated by Pi and dependent on the inositol phosphate kinase ITPK1. We found that inositol pyrophosphates are more responsive to Pi than lower inositol phosphates, a response conserved across kingdoms. With CE-EsI-Ms we could separate different InsP7 isomers in Arabidopsis and rice, and identify 4/6-InsP7 and a PP-InsP4 isomer hitherto not reported in plants. We found that the inositol pyrophosphates 1/3-InsP7, 5-InsP7 and InsP8 increase severalfold in shoots after Pi resupply and that tissue-specific accumulation of inositol pyrophosphates relies on ITPK1 activities and MRP5-dependent InsP6 compartmentalization. Notably, ITPK1 is critical for Pi-dependent 5-InsP7 and InsP8 synthesis in planta and its activity regulates Pi starvation responses in a PHR-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ITPK1-mediated conversion of InsP6 to 5-InsP7 requires high ATP concentrations and that Arabidopsis ITPK1 has an ADP phosphotransferase activity to dephosphorylate specifically 5-InsP7 under low ATP. Collectively, our study provides deeper insights into Pi-dependent changes in nutritional and energetic states with the synthesis of regulatory inositol pyrophosphates.

关键词： diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 1 inositol phosphates inositol pyrophosphates phosphate homeostasis phosphate signaling

3D U-Net segmentation Improves Root system Reconstruction from 3D MRI Images in Automated and Manual Virtual Reality Work Flows

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 598-611页

作者： Tobias selzner Jannis Horn Magdalena Landl Andreas Pohlmeier Dirk Helmrich Katrin Huber Jan Vanderborght Harry Vereecken sven Behnke Andrea schnepf Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH Agrosphere(IBG-3)JuelichGermany Autonomous Intelligence systems Group University of BonnBonnGermany Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH Juelich Supercomputing CenterJuelichGermany

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is used to image root systems grown in opaque ***,reconstruction of root system architecture(RsA)from 3-dimensional(3D)MRI images is *** resolution and poor contrast-to-noise ratios(CNRs)hinder automated ***,manual reconstruction is still widely ***,we evaluate a novel 2-step work flow for automated RsA *** the first step,a 3D U-Net segments MRI images into root and soil in *** the second step,an automated tracing algorithm reconstructs the root systems from the segmented *** evaluated the merits of both steps for an MRI dataset of 8 lupine root systems,by comparing the automated reconstructions to manual reconstructions of unaltered and segmented MRI images derived with a novel virtual reality *** found that the U-Net segmentation offers profound benefits in manual reconstruction:reconstruction speed was doubled(+97%)for images with low CNR and increased by 27%for images with high *** root lengths were increased by 20%and 3%,***,we propose to use U-Net segmentation as a principal image preprocessing step in manual work *** root length derived by the tracing algorithm was lower than in both manual reconstruction methods,but segmentation allowed automated processing of otherwise not readily usable MRI ***,model-based functional root traits revealed similar hydraulic behavior of automated and manual *** studies will aim to establish a hybrid work flow that utilizes automated reconstructions as scaffolds that can be manually corrected.

关键词： Root utilize otherwise

Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Based Automated Minirhizotron Image Analysis Pipeline

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Plant Phenomics 2022年第1期4卷 247-260页

作者： Felix Maximilian Bauer Lena Lärm shehan Morandage Guillaume Lobet Jan Vanderborght Harry Vereecken Andrea schnepf Institute of Bio-and Geosciences Agrosphere(IBG-3)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425 JülichGermany Institute of soil science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim7055978 StuttgartGermany

Root systems of crops play a significant role in *** root system is essential for water and nutrient uptake,plant stability,symbiosis with microbes,and a good soil *** have shown to be effective to noninvasively inves... 详细信息

关键词： structure crops soil

TOPLEss promotes plant immunity by repressing auxin signaling and is targeted by the fungal effector Naked1

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 92-111页

作者： Fernando Navarrete Michelle Gallei Aleksandra EKornienko Indira saado Mamoona Khan Khong-sam Chia Martin A.Darino Janos Bindics Armin Djamei Gregor Mendel Institute(GMI) Austrian Academy of Sciences(OEAW)Vienna BioCenter(VBC)Dr.Bohr-Gasse 31030 ViennaAustria Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK) OT GaterslebenCorrensstraße 306466 Stadt SeelandGermany Present address:Institute of science and Technology Austria Am Campus 13400 KlosterneuburgAustria Present address:Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Dr.Bohr-Gasse 31030 ViennaAustria Present address:Institute of Crop science and Resource Conservation University of BonnBonnGermany

In plants,the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal *** perception of pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns(PAMPs)frominvadingmicroorganismsinhibits auxin signalingand plant ***,pathogens manipulate auxin signaling to promote disease,but how this hormone inhibits immunity is not fully *** maydis is a maize pathogen that induces auxin signaling in its *** characterized a *** effector protein,Naked1(Nkd1),that is translocated into the host *** its native ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,Nkd1 binds to the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLEss/TOPLEss-related(TPL/TPRs)and prevents the recruitment of a transcriptional repressor involved in hormonal signaling,leading to the derepression of auxin and jasmonate signaling and thereby promoting susceptibility to(hemi)biotrophic pathogens.A moderate upregulation of auxin signaling inhibits the PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species(ROs)burst,an early defense ***,our findings establish a clear mechanism for auxin-induced pathogen *** Nkd1 variants with increased expression or increased EAR-mediated TPL/TPR binding trigger typical salicylic-acid-mediated defense reactions,leading to pathogen *** implies that moderate binding of Nkd1 to TPL is a result of a balancing evolutionary selection process to enable TPL manipulation while avoiding host recognition.

关键词： topless auxin pattern-triggered immunity PTI effector maize Ustilago maydis