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Effects of absolute fasting on reproduction and survival of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in its native range

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 369-375页

作者： Nicolas E. TAMBURI Pablo R. MARTIN INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICET) Universidad Nacional del Sur Departamento de Biologla Bioquimica y Farmacia San Juan 670 8000 Bahia Blanca Argentina

A South American freshwater gastropod, the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, has become a driver of ecosystemic changes in wetlands and an important rice pest after its introduction to various parts of the world, mainly Asia. The objective of this study was to study the effect of an abrupt interruption in food availability in the short term （up to 4 weeks） and long term （up to 8 months） on survival and re- productive activity. The main results indicate that short-term fasting mainly affects the survival of males, but only when they are raised together with females, probably due to a greater mate-searching activity that increases mortality in the individuals with lower reserves. The number of copulating snails or egg-laying females shows an abrupt drop when fasting and a rapid recovery after the food supply is restored. The strategy of discontinuing reproductive activity prioritizes energy conservation for the survival of the females. Interpopulation variation in resistance to starvation was observed in adults, which can be explained to some extent by the food availability that they experienced in their natural environment. No interpopulational differences in survival were seen in hatchlings. The mean maximum values of survival under starvation were 52.6 days in hatchlings and the 3.3% of adults survive over than 200 days, which may be a relevant trait in dispersal and establishment in new habitats.

关键词： absolute fasting reproduction invasive apple

Dispersal behavior of yellowjacket （Vespula germanica） queens

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 109-116页

作者： Maite Masciocchi Andres S. Martinez Aria J. Pereira Jose M. Villacide Juan C. Corley CONICET CCT Comahue INTA Grupo de Ecologia de Poblaciones de Insectos INTA EEA Bariloche Argentina Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche U. N. del Comahue Bariloche 8400 Argentina

Understanding the factors that affect animal dispersal behavior is important from both *** and applied perspectives. Dispersal can have clear evolutionary and ecological consequences, but for normative insect pests, dispersal capacity can also help to explain invasion success. Vespula germanica is a social wasp that, in the last century, has successfully invaded several regions of the world, showing one of the highest spread rates reported for a nonnative insect. In contrast with nonsocial wasps, in social species, queens are responsible for population redistribution and spread, as workers are sterile. For V. germanica, it has been observed that queen flight is limited to 2 distinct periods： early autumn, when new queens leave the nest to mate and find sheltered places in which to hibernate, and spring when new colonies are founded. Our aim was to study the flight behavior of V. germanica queens by focusing on the different periods in which dispersal occurs, characterizing as well the potential contribution of queen flight （i.e., distance） to the observed geographical spread. Our results suggest that the distances flown by nonover- wintered queens is greater than that flown by overwintered individuals, suggesting that the main queen dispersal events would occur before queens enter hibernation. This could relate to a behavioral trait of the queens to avoid the inbreeding with related drones. Additionally, given the short distances flown and remarkable geographical spread observed, we provide evidence showing that queen dispersal by flight is likely to contribute proportionately less to population spread than human-aided factors.

关键词： flight potential German wasps hibernation invasive wasps social insect

Glutamine is highly effective in preventing in vivo cobalt-induced oxidative stress in rat liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第23期11卷 3533-3538页

作者： Soledad Gonzales Ariel H.Polizio María A.Erario María L.Tomaro departamento de Química Biológica

AIM: To evaluate the in vivo effect of glutamine on cobaltgenerated oxidative stress and (HO-1) induction in rat ***: Fasted female Wistar rats received a single injection of cobalt chloride (375 μmol/kg body weight) and then were killed at different times. Lipid peroxidation and soluble and enzymatic antioxidant defense system (reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured in liver homogenates. Ferritin and ferritin iron contents as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity and expression were also determined. The antioxidant properties of glutamine (Gin) were also evaluated. RESULTS: Cobalt chloride increased lipid peroxidation (50% over control values) 1 h after treatment. GSH reached a minimum at 3 h (40%) increasing thereafter. Twelve hours after CoCl2 injection, the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GSH-Px and SOD also diminished by about 30%. Heme oxygenase-1 induction was observed 6 h after treatment reaching a maximum value of 14-fold over the controls, 12 h after cobalt treatment. A 1.7-fold increase in ferritin and ferritin-bound iron 24 h after treatment were also obtained. Administration of glutamine (300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage 24 h before CoCl2 treatment entirely prevented the increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, the decrease in GSH levels, and partially reverted heme oxygenase-1 induction. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that a natural product such as glutamine prevents glutathione depletion and consequently heme oxygenase induction.

关键词： Oxidative stress Heme oxygenase Glutathione Glutamine Iron Liver

Alternatives of Small-Scale Biorefineries for the Integrated Production of Xylitol from Sugarcane Bagasse

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第2期6卷 139-151页

作者： Nicolás M.Clauser Soledad Gutiérrez María C.Area Fernando E.Felissia María E.Vallejos Materials Institute of Misiones(IMAM) National University of Misiones–National Council of Scientific and Technical Research(UNaM–CONICET)1552 Félix de Azara St.(3300)PosadasMisionesArgentina Faculty of Engineering University of the Republic(UDeLaR)565 Julio Herrera y Reissig St.(11700)MontevideoUruguay

Small-scale biorefinery from sugarcane bagasse offers new possibilities to the sugar and ethanol *** aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a small-scale biorefinery for the production of xylitol from sugarcane *** liquid fraction from the autohydrolysis treatment was selected as the source of sugars for xylitol and two scenarios were analyzed for the residual solid:ethanol or pellet production.A technical-economic analysis of alternatives was *** internal rate of return(IRR)was used to compare the selected *** highest IRR values were obtained when processing 70,000 dry tons per year of *** results showed promising prospects for a small-scale biorefinery with capacities above 20,000 dry tons per year(xylitol and pellets),and above 50,000 dry tons per year(xylitol and ethanol).

关键词： Biorefinery sugarcane bagasse xylitol ethanol pellets

The endemic Patagonian vespertilionid assemblage is a depauperate ecomorphological vicariant of species-rich neotropical assemblages

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 495-505页

作者： Analia L. GIMENEZ Norberto P, GIANNINI Centro de Investigacion Esquel de Montafia y Estepa Patagonicas (CIEMEP CONICET-UNPSJB) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evoluci6n y Biodiversidad (LIEB) Roca 780 Esquel Chubut CP 9200 Argentina Unidad Ejecutora Lillo Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientfficas y Tecnicas (CONICET) Fundacion Miguel Lillo Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo Universidad Nacional de Tucuman San Miguel de Tucuman Tucuman Argentina

Vespertilionidae is the most diverse chiropteran family, and its diversity is concentrated in warmregions of the World; however, due to physiological and behavioral adaptations, these bats alsodominate bat faunas in temperate regions. Here we performed a comparative study of vespertili-onid assemblages from two broad regions of the New World, the cold and harsh Patagonia, versusthe remaining temperate-to-subtropical, extra-Patagonian eco-regions of the South AmericanSouthern Cone. We took an ecomorphological approach and analyzed the craniodental morpho-logical structure of these assemblages within a phylogenetic framework. We measured 17 cranio-dental linear variables from 447 specimens of 22 currently recognized vespertilionid species of thestudy regions. We performed a multivariate analysis to define the morphofunctional space, andcalculated the pattern and degree of species packing for each assemblage. We assessed the im-portance of phylogeny and biogeography, and their impact on depauperate （Patagonian） versusrich （extra-Patagonian） vespertilionid assemblages as determinants of morphospace *** implemented a sensitivity analysis associated to small samples of rare species. The morpho-logical patterns were determined chiefly by the evolutionary history of the family. The Patagonianassemblage can be described as a structurally similar but comparatively depauperate ecomorpho-logical version of those assemblages from neighboring extra-Patagonian eco-regions. ThePatagonian assemblage seems to have formed by successively adding populations from Northernregions that eventually speciated in the region, leaving corresponding sisters （vicariants） in extra-Patagonian eco-regions that continued to be characteristically richer. despite being structurallyakin, degree of species packing in Patagonia was comparatively very low, which may reflect the ef-fect of limited dispersal success into a harsh region for bat survival.

关键词： Vespertilionidae, Patagonia, morphological space, biogeography, phylogeny.

GTP-bound Rab3A exhibits consecutive positive and negative roles during human sperm dense-core granule exocytosis

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2014年第4期8卷 286-298页

作者： Matias A. Bustos Carlos M. Roggero Paola X. de la Iglesia Luis S. Mayorga Claudia N. Tomes Instituto de Histologia y Embriologia IHEM-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Medicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina department of Biophysics UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA Servicio de Patologla Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

Exocytosis of mam maUan sperm dense-core secretory granule relies on the same fusion molecules as all other secretory cells; one such molecule is the small GTPase Rab3A. Here, we report an in-depth biochemical characterization of the role of Rab3A in secretion by scrutinizingthe exocytotic response of streptolysin O-permeabiUzed human sperm to the acute application of a number of Rab3A-containing constructs and correlating the findings with those gathered with the endogenous protein. Full length, geranyigeranyiated, and active Rab3A elicited human sperm exocytosis perse. With Rab3A/Rab22A chimeric proteins, we demonstrated that the carboxy-terminal domain of the Rab3A molecule was necessary and sufficient to promote exocytosis, whereas its *** prevented calcium-triggered secretion. Interestingly, full length Rab3A halted secretion when added after the docking of the acrosome to the plasma membrane. This effect depended on the inability of Rab3A to hydrolyze GTP. We combined modified immunofluorescence and acrosomal staining protocols to detect membrane fusion and the activation status of endogenous Rab3 simultaneously in individual cells, and found that GTP hydrolysis on endogenous Rab3 was mandatory for fusion pores to open. Our findings contribute to establishing that Rab3 modulates regulated exocytosis differently depending on the nucleotide bound and the exocytosis stage under study.

关键词： Rab3 cycle GTP hydrolysis exocytosis acrosome calcium sperm

Effect of fosfomycin,Cynara scolymus extract,deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 386-395页

作者： Guadalupe Martinez Susana N.Dieguez Maria B.Fernandez Paggi Maria B.Riccio denisa S.Perez Gaudio Edgardo Rodriguez Fabian A.Amanto Maria O.Tapia Alejandro L.Soraci Area Toxicología Departamento de FisiopatologíaFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil(CIVETAN) UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICETFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasCampus UniversitarioTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina consejo nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas-CONICET Buenos AiresC1425FQBArgentina Comisión de Investigaciónes Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires(CIC-PBA) La PlataB1900Buenos AiresArgentina Area Producción Porcina Departamento de Producción AnimalFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional del Centro de La Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina Area Estadística Sanidad Animal y Medicina PreventivaFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversiclacl Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina

Weaning is a challenging stage of pig *** undergo environmental,social and dietary changes leading to weaning stress *** order to compensate for the detrimental effects of weaning stress,antibiotics and natural extracts are used as feed additives,sometimes without fully understanding the interactions between them or even with low concentrations of mycotoxins that are frequently present in *** aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fosfomycin(FOS),Cynara scolymus extract(CSE),deoxynivalenol(DON) and their combined administration on intestinal health of weaned *** experiment was designed as a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with 3 factors(FOS,CSE and DON treatments),2 levels each(presence and absence) and 3 *** piglets(n=24)were randomly divided in groups to receive the different treatments,namely DON administered in diet(50 μg/kg BW),FOS administered into the drinking water(30 mg/kg BW),CSE administered in diet(15 mg/kg BW) and all their *** 15 d,the animals were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate gastrointestinal pH,Enterobacteriaceae to lactic acid bacteria(E:L) ratio,volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentrations,disaccharidase(lactase,sucrase and maltase)activity,histology(intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and mucus ability to adhere pathogenic Escherichia *** our results,FOS and CSE treatments,individually or combined,produced a lower E:L ratio,an enhanced production of butyrate,increased disaccharidase activity(particularly maltase),and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal *** did not show interactions with the other factors and its administration produced decreases on VFA,disaccharidase activity and goblet cells *** conclusion,weaning piglets receiving diets containing FOS,CSE or both exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared

关键词： Fosfomycin Cynara scolymus extract deoxynivalenol Intestinal health Weaned piglets

The seasonal role of field characteristics on seed-eating bird abundances in agricultural landscapes

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 279-286页

作者： Emmanuel ZUFIAURRE Mariano COdeSIDO Agustin M. ABBA David BILENCA Grupo de Estudios sobre Biodiversidad en Agroecosistemas (6EBA) Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires and IEGEBA (UBA- CONICET). Ciudad Universitaria Pabellon II 4° Piso (C1428EHA). Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Argentina Centro de Estudios Parasitol6gicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CCT-CONICET-LA PLATA-UNLP. Calle 120 entre 61 y 62 S/N La Plata (B1902CHX) Buenos Aires Argentina

In temperate agroecosystems, avian responses in abundance and distribution to landscape attributes may be exacerbated by the coupling of natural seasons and farming practices. We assessed the sea- sonal roles of field type, field use in the surroundings, and distance from a field to the nearest woodlot on the abundance of seed-eating birds in a 225,000 km2 study area in the Pampas of central Argentina. During spring-summer and autumn of 2011-2013, we randomly selected 392 fields and used transect samples to collect data on abundance and presence of seed-eating bird species. We recorded a total of 11,579 individuals belonging to 15 seed-eating bird species. We used generalized lineal mixed models to relate bird abundance to field type, field use in the surroundings, and distance to the nearest woodlot. In spring-summer （breeding season） most bird responses were associated with their nesting requirements. Species that build their nests in trees, such as eared doves Zenaida auriculata, picazuro pigeons Patagioenas picazuro, and monk parakeets Myiopsitta monachus, were more abundant in fields closer to woodlots, whereas grassland yellow-finches Sicalis luteola, which nest at areas with tall grasses, were more abundant in fields with livestock use patches in the field surroundings. In au- tumn （non-breeding season）, most bird responses were associated with foraging and refuge needs. The high abundance of eared doves in crop stubbles and the association of pigeons at field surroundings dominated by croplands or at crop stubbles surrounded by livestock use fields revealed the intimate association of these species to sites with high availability of food resources. In addition, both picazuro pigeons and spot-winged pigeons Patagioenas maculosa were associated with woodlots, which provide suitable roosting sites. Our results show that in temperate agroecosystems, the relationships between field characteristics and seed-eating bird abundances vary with season.

关键词： field surroundings field type granivorous birds stubbles temperate agroecosystems woodlots.

The marine Jurassic of Argentina： a biostratigraphic framework

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Episodes 2008年第3期31卷 326-335页

作者： Alberto C. Riccardi Facultad de Cieneias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata Paseo del Bosque s/n 1900 La Plata Argentina

In Argentina the best and most complete marine Juras- sic succession is exposed between 32° and 39° S, along a N-S belt roughly coincident with the border with Chile. Here all stages, except the Kimmeridgian, are represented by marine facies. Ammonites have provided a biostratigraphic framework to date and correlate lithostratigraphic units and sequences, to reconstruct the history of the marine fill, and allow the development of other palaeontological and geological studies. Recent studies on the systematics and/or biostratigra- phy of Andean ammonites have provided the basis for the presentation of a summary of the 45 ammonite zones of the Jurassic of west-central Argentina and to stress its significance in reconstructing the palaeogeographic evolution of that region.

关键词：侏罗纪海洋阿根廷生物地层学