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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第2期56卷 222-228页

作者： WANG XinKe ZHANG YinPing Department of Building Environment and Services Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Building Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

A general mass transfer based model was developed for analyzing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from dry multi-layer building materials with two emission *** model adds to an earlier multi-layer model by considering chemical reactions within the ***,it can be used to analyze the effect of these chemical reactions on removing VOCs,and for characterizing secondary VOC emissions from the building *** model was validated with literature data and our experimental *** typical secondary emissions were analyzed using this model,and obviously differed from the primary *** model is a useful tool for predicting,analyzing and "designing" the VOC emission characteristics,including secondary emissions,of building materials.

关键词：挥发性有机化合物传质模型化学反应排放量建材质量挥发性有机物排放废气

Crop Yield and Soil Responses to Long-Term Fertilization on a Red Soil in Southern China

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Pedosphere 2009年第2期19卷 199-207页

作者： ZHANG Hui-Min WANG Bo-Ren XU Ming-Gang FAN Ting-Lu Key Laboratory of plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling Ministry of Agriculture of China and Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Resource and Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China Department of Agronomy Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China

A 15-year fertilization experiment with different applications of inorganic N,P and K fertilizers and farmyard manure (M)was conducted to study the yield and soil responses to long-term fertilization at Qiyang,Hunan Province,China. Average grain yields of wheat and corn(1 672 and 5 111 kg ha-1,respectively)for the treatment NPKM were significantly higher than those(405 and 310 kg ha-1)of the unfertilized control and single inorganic fertilizer *** with the corresponding initial values of the experiment,all treatments showed a yield decline of 9 to 111 kg ha-1 year-1 in wheat and 35 to 260 kg ha-1 year-1 in corn,respectively,and a significant pH decline of 0.07 to 0.12 pH year?1,except for the treatments PK and *** long-term fertilization,the soil organic C,soil available P,exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+and available Cu2+and Zn2+contents were higher in the treatment NPKM than in the treatments applied with inorganic fertilizer *** to the treatment NPK,the treatment NPKM,where manure partially replaced inorganic N,had a positive impact on arresting the decline of soil *** improved grain yields of wheat and corn, suggesting that application of NPK fertilizer in combination with farmyard manure is important to maintain soil fertility and buffering capacity in red soil.

关键词： corn long-term fertilization red soil wheat yield

Screening of Highly Effective Sinorhizobium meliloti Strains for 'Vector' Alfalfa and Testing of Its Competitive Nodulation Ability in the Field

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Pedosphere 2007年第2期17卷 219-228页

作者： ZENG Zhao-Hai CHEN Wen-Xin HU Yue-Gao SUI Xin-Hua CHEN Dan-Ming College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China） College of Biology/Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application Ministry of Agriculture China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China）

Seventeen Sinorhizobium meliloti strains from seven provinces in China were used to screen highly effective strains for alfalfa cultivar in a greenhouse study and their symbiotic relationship and competitive ability were studied in the field. CCBAU30138 was the most effective strain, as evidenced by increase in dry weights. A field experiment showed that the inoculation of alfalfa with CCBAU30138 resulted in increases of 11.9% and 19.6% of dry matter production and crude protein production, respectively, in forage of monocultured plants. The total dry matter yields of alfalfa and tall fescue in binary culture were increased by 16.3% by inoculation of alfalfa with this strain. These results showed that S. rneliloti strain CCBAU30138 was an effective inoculant both in the greenhouse and in the field. The analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） from nodule extracts showed that the strain CCBAU30138 had high competitiveness in the field. It occupied 47.5% of nodules in alfalfa monoculture and 44.4% of nodules in alfalfa-tall fescue binary culture after 20 weeks of growth. In conclusion, a simple system to select highly effective and competitive symbiotic strains specific to alfalfa was established. Using this system, a *** suitable for the alfalfa cultivar ‘Vector＇ grown in Wuqiao County of Hebei Province was obtained.

关键词： alfalfa inoculant selection Sinorhizobium meliloti tall fescue

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Nutrients and Respiration in the Desertified Grasslands of Inner Mongolia,China

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Pedosphere 2010年第5期20卷 655-665页

作者： QI Yu-Chun DONG Yun-She JIN Zhao PENG Qin XIAO Sheng-Sheng HE Ya-Ting Institute of Geagraphic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 (China) Institute of EaCh -Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 (China) Graduate University of the chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

There is a limited knowledge of spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrients and soil respiration in the semi-arid and arid grasslands of China. This study investigated the spatial differences in soil nutrients and soil respiration among three desertified grasslands and within two shrub-dominated communities on the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China in 2006. Both soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （TN） were significantly different （P 〈 0.01） among the three desertified grasslands along a degradation gradient. Within the two shrub-dominated communities, the SOC and TN contents decreased with increasing distance from the main stems of the shrub, and this ＂fertile island＂ effect was most pronounced in the surface soil. The total soil respirations during the growing season were 131.26, 95.95, and 118.66 g C m^-2, respectively, for the steppe, shrub, and shrub-perennial grass communities. The coefficient of variability of soil respiration was the highest in the shrub community and lowest in the steppe community. CO2 effiuxes from the soil under the canopy of shrub were significantly higher than those from the soil covered with biological crusts and the bare soil in the interplant spaces in the shrub community. However, soil respiration beneath the shrubs was not different from that of the soil in the inter-shrub of the shrub-perennial grass community. This is probably due to the smaller shrub size. In the two shrub-dominated communities, spatial variability in soil respiration was found to depend on soil water content and C：N ratio.

关键词： carbon emission sandy grassland soil organic carbon spatial variability total nitrogen

Interventional treatment for symptomatic acute-subacute portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第40期15卷 5028-5034页

作者： Feng-Yong Liu Mao-Qiang Wang Qing-Sheng Fan Feng Duan Zhi-Jun Wang Peng Song Department of Interventional Radiology Clinical Division of Internal Medicine Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 China

AIM: To summarize our methods and experience with interventional treatment for symptomatic acute-sub-acute portal vein and superior mesenteric vein throm-bosis (PV-SMV) thrombosis. METHODS: Forty-six patients (30 males, 16 females, aged 17-68 years) with symptomatic acute-subacute portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis were ac-curately diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound scans, com-puted tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. They were treated with interventional therapy, including direct thrombolysis (26 cases through a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; 6 through percutane-ous transhepatic portal vein cannulation) and indirect thrombolysis (10 through the femoral artery to superior mesenteric artery catheterization; 4 through the radial artery to superior mesenteric artery catheterization). RESULTS: The blood reperfusion of PV-SMV was achieved completely or partially in 34 patients 3-13 d after thrombolysis. In 11 patients there was no PV-SMV blood reperfusion but the number of collateral vessels increased signif icantly. Symptoms in these 45 patients were improved dramatically without severe operationalcomplications. In 1 patient, the thrombi did not respond to the interventional treatment and resulted in intestinal necrosis, which required surgical treatment. In 3 patients with interventional treatment, thrombi reformed 1, 3 and 4 mo after treatment. In these 3 patients, indirect PV-SMV thrombolysis was performed again and was successful. CONCLUSION: Interventional treatment, including direct or indirect PV-SMV thrombolysis, is a safe and effective method for patients with symptomatic acutesubacute PV-SMV thrombosis.

关键词： Portal thrombosis Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis Thrombolysis Interventional treatment

Hyperbranched Poly(amide-ester) Mildly Synthesized and Its Characterization

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chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2008年第7期27卷 877-883页

作者：陈庆华陈荣国肖荔人钱庆荣章文贡 College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Institute of Fujian Modified Plastic Research and Develop Technology

AB2-type-prepolymerized monomer was rapidly （2 h） prepared at room temperature （25 ℃） using commercially available maleic anhydride （MA） and diethanolamine （DEA） as raw materials. By employing toluene-p-sulfonic acid as a catalyzer, a series of hyperbranched poly（amide-ester）（HBPAE） were successfully synthesized from prepared AB2 monomer by solution condensation polymerization through ＂one-step process＂ or ＂pseudo one-step process＂（using pentaerythritol as a center core）. The processes were carried out at high temperature of 120 ℃ for 6 h in air atmosphere （inert protection free） with reduced pressure distillation （0.08--0.096 MPa）. The results of FT-IR, UV-Vis, TGA, and intrinsic viscosity testing by Ubbelodhe viscometer showed that the prepared HBPAEs possess three-dimensional configuration with unsaturated conjugate structure, large numbers of branches and numerous terminal hydroxyl groups. These result in their low viscosity, high solubility and thermal stability.

关键词： maleic anhydride diethanolamine AB2-type-prepolymerized monomer hyperbranched poly(amide-ester) one-step process pseudo one-step process

Potential of Industrial Byproducts in Ameliorating Acidity and Aluminum Toxicity of Soils Under Tea plantation

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Pedosphere 2010年第5期20卷 645-654页

作者： LI Jiu-Yu WANG Ning XU Ren-Kou D. TIWARI State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) Department of Chemistry Mizoram University Tanhril Campus Aizawl 796009 (India) Graduate University of the chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

It is imperative to choose some low cost, available and effective ameliorants to correct soil acidity in southern China for sustainable agriculture. The present investigation dealt with the possible role of industrial byproducts, i.e., coal fly ash （CFA）, alkaline slag （AS）, red mud （RM） and phosphogypsum （PG） in correcting acidity and aluminum （Al） toxicity of soils under tea plantation using an indoor incubation experiment. Results indicated that CFA, AS and RM increased soil pH, while PG decreased the pHs of an Ultisol and an Alfisol. The increment of soil pH followed the order of RM 〉 AS 〉 CFA. All the industrial byproducts invariably decreased exchangeable Al and hence increased exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na and effective cation exchange capacity. RM, AS and lime decreased total soluble Al, exchangeable Al and organically bound Al. Formation and retention of hydroxyl-Al polymers were the principal mechanism through which Al phytotoxicity was alleviated by application of these amendments. In addition, the heavy metal contents in the four industrial byproducts constituted a limited environmental hazard in a short time at the rates normally used in agriculture. Therefore, the short-term use of the byproducts, especially AS and RM, as amendments for soil acidity and AI toxicity in acid soils may be a potential alternative to the traditional use of mined gypsum and lime.

关键词： acid soil alkaline slag amelioration coal fly ash red mud

Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity in a Black Soil as Affected by Long-Term Fertilization

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 582-592页

作者： WEI Dan YANG Qian ZHANG Jun-Zheng WANG Shuang CHEN Xue-Li ZHANG Xi-Lin LI Wei-Qun Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 （China）. The Institute of Soil Fertility and Environmental Sources Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150086（China）

Black soil （Mollisol） is one of the main soil types in northeastern China. Biolog and polymerase chain reactiondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） methods were used to examine the influence of various fertilizer combinations on the structure and function of the bacterial community in a black soil collected from Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. Biolog results showed that substrate richness and catabolic diversity of the soil bacterial community were the greatest in the chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer＋manure treatments. The metabolic ability of the bacterial community in the manure treatment was similar to the control. DGGE fingerprinting indicated similarity in the distribution of most 16S rDNA bands among all treatments, suggesting that microorganisms with those bands were stable and not influenced by fertilization. However, chemical fertilizer increased the diversity of soil bacterial community. Principal com- ponent analysis of Biolog and DGGE data revealed that the structure and function of the bacterial community were similar in the control and manure treatments, suggesting that the application of manure increased the soil microbial population, but had no effect on the bacterial community structure. Catabolic function was similar in the chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer＋manure treatments, but the composition structure of the soil microbes differed between them. The use of chemical fertilizers could result in a decline in the catabolic activity of fast-growing or eutrophic bacteria.

关键词： bacteria community black soil chemical fertilizer diversity manure

Talc-bearing serpentinized peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc:implications for aseismic character within subduction zones

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chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第3期27卷 667-673页

作者：汪小妹曾志刚刘长华陈俊兵殷学博王晓媛陈代庚张国良陈帅李康欧阳荷根 Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of chinese Academy of Sciences Geological Brigade of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Zhejiang Geological Prospecting Bureau

The serpentinized peridotites overlying the subducted zones in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana(IBM) arc system have been interpret as the cause of the low-velocity layer identified beneath the IBM froearc,in turn few earthquakes occurred along the plate ***,which is a low temperature and highly hydrated phase of serpentine with low frictional strength,has been suggested as the low velocity material in the serpentinized peridotites,besides,brucite is inferred to be likely conducive to stable ***,such idea encounters challenging in our serpentinized peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc,which absent both the above *** presence of talc,which characterized by its weak,low-friction and inherently stable sliding behavior,provides new *** we report the occurrence of talc in serpentinized peridotites collected from the landward trench slope of the southern Mariana *** infer that talc is mainly forming as a result of the reaction of serpentine minerals with silica-saturated fluids released from the subducting slab,and talc also occurs as talc veins *** to its unique physical properties,talc may therefore play a significant role in aseismic slip in the IBM subduction zone.

关键词： talc serpentinized peridotites Mariana aseismic subducfion zone

Discovery,Genesis and Significance of Metallic Minerals in Evaporate Series in the Kuqa Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1448-1465页

作者： CAO Yangtong LIU Chenglin XUAN Zhiqiang JIAO Pengcheng CHEN Yongzhi WANG Chunlian Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Institute of Geology Bureau of Mining of China Chemical Industry Zhuozhou Hebei 07275 China

A large-scale evaporate series is developed in Paleogene-Neogene strata in the Kuqa basin. The series is composed mainly of evaporate with thin beds of clastic rock （mainly mudstone and siltstone）. In grayish white medium- and coarse-grained sandstone in Miocene strata, the formation of copper minerals is in close connection with brine. In joint planes, which are developed in vertical strata, are filled with gypsum. Gypsum and copper-mineralized sandstone contains enormous copper minerals, mainly atacamite. According to the SEM analysis for salt rock, gypsum rock, limestone, grayish green siltstone, grayish white medium-coarse-grained sandstone, some minerals are composed of metallic elements including Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni and U etc., in which Au occurs in a native form, Cu occurs in a native form or as atacamite in salt rock, gypsum rock and limestone, Ag occurs as silver sulfide in gypsum, and Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, U occur as compounds along with the above metallic ions in evaporate or clastic rock. From SEM images, we can see that metallic elements or their compounds （oxides or sulfides）＂take root＂ as grains in salt or gypsum crystals, which belong to primary chemical sedimentation along with evaporate, while some grains ＂float＂ on surface of salt or gypsum. In the former case, mineral grains were formed together with salt （gypsum） crystals; while in the latter case, minerals were enriched from internal metallic ions （Paleogene evaporate samples） or external metallic ions （Neogene gypsum samples） in the late stage of evaporate formation. The metallic ions in Paleogene evaporate samples might originate from weathered or denudated materials in the south Tianshan Mountains. The metallic ions in the Neogene evaporate samples might be from metal- bearing brine, which migrated upward to surface along fractures and leached into evaporate （gypsum）. Occurrence of metallic minerals and their compounds （elementary substance） in Paleogene evaporate proves that diversified m

关键词： metallic mineral evaporate series Kuqa basin