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On the effects of spatial resolution on effective distance measurement in digital landscapes

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 659-677页

作者： Rachel Mundeli Murekatete Takeshi Shirabe KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Architecture and the Built EnvironmentTeknikringen 10A11428 StockholmSweden University of Rwanda College of Science and TechnologyCentre for Geographic Information Systems and Remote SensingKN 67 Street NyarugengeKigaliRwanda

Background:Connectivity is an important landscape attribute in ecological studies and conservation practices and is often expressed in terms of effective *** the cost of movement of an organism over a landscape is effectively represented by a raster surface,effective distances can be equated with the cost-weighted distance of least-cost *** is generally recognized that this measure is sensitive to the grid’s cell size,but little is known if it is always sensitive in the same way and to the same degree and if not,what makes it more(or less)*** conducted computational experiments with both synthetic and real landscape data,in which we generated and analyzed large samples of effective distances measured on cost surfaces of varying cell sizes derived from those *** particular focus was on the statistical behavior of the ratio—referred to as‘accuracy indicator’—of the effective distance measured on a lower-resolution cost surface to that measured on a higher-resolution cost ***:In the experiment with synthetic cost surfaces,the sample values of the accuracy indicator were generally clustered around 1,but slightly greater with the absence of linear sequences(or barriers)of high-cost or inadmissible cells and smaller with the presence of such *** latter tendency was more dominant,and both tendencies became more pronounced as the difference between the spatial resolutions of the associated cost surfaces *** two real satellite images(of different resolutions with fairly large discrepancies)were used as the basis of cost estimation,the variation of the accuracy indicator was found to be substantially large in the vicinity(1500 m)of the source but decreases quickly with an increase in distance from ***:Effective distances measured on lower-resolution cost surfaces are generally highly correlated with—and useful predictors of—effective distances measured on higher-resolution cost *** relationship t

关键词： Landscape connectivity Effective distance Raster-based least-cost path model Accuracy Spatial resolution

A Molecular Framework for the Control of Adventitious Rooting by TIR1/AFB2-Aux/IAADependent Auxin Signaling in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2019年第11期12卷 1499-1514页

作者： Abdellah Lakehal Salma Chaabouni Emilie Cavel Rozenn Le Hir Alok Ranjan Zahra Raneshan Ondrej Novak Daniel IPacurar Irene Perrone Frangois Jobert Laurent Gutierrez Laszlo Bako Catherine Bellini Umea Plant Science Centre Department of Plant PhysiologyUmea University90736 UmeaSweden lnstitut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRAAgroParisTechCNRSUniversite Paris-Saclay78000 VersaillesFrance Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceShahid Bahonar UniversityKermanIran Laboratory of Growth Regulators Faculty of SciencePalacky University and Institute of Experimental BotanyThe Czech Academy of Sciences78371 OlomoucCzech Republic Umea Plant Science Centre Department of Forest Genetics and PhysiologySwedish Agriculture University90183 UmeaSweden Centre de Ressources Regionales en Biologie Moleculaire(CRRBM) Universite de Picardie Jules Verne80039 AmiensFrance Present address:Centre de Ressources Regionales en Biologie Moleculaire(CRRBM) Universite de Picardie Jules Verne80039 AmiensFrance Present address:Institute for sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council of ItalyTurinItaly Present address:Umea Plant Science Center Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySLU90736 UmeaSweden

In Arabidopsis thaliana,canonical auxin-dependent gene regulation is mediated by 23 transcription factors from the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR(ARF)family that interact with auxin/indole acetic acid repressors(Aux/IAAs),which themselves form co-receptor complexes with one of six TRANSPORT INHIBITOR*!/AUXIN-SIGNALLING F-BOX(TIR1/AFB)*** combinations of co-receptors drive specific sensing outputs,allowing auxin to control a myriad of ***6 and ARF8 are positive regulators of adventitious root initiation upstream of jasmonate,but the exact auxin co-receptor complexes controlling the transcriptional activity of these proteins has remained ***,using loss-of-function mutants we show that three Aux/IAA genes,IAA6,IAA9,and IAA17,act additively in the control of adventitious root(AR)*** three IAA proteins interact with ARF6 and/or ARF8 and likely repress their activity in AR *** show that TIR1 and AFB2 are positive regulators of AR formation and TIR1 plays a dual role in the control of jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis and conjugation,as several JA biosynthesis genes are up-regulated in the tir1-1 *** results lead us to propose that in the presence of auxin,TIR1 and AFB2 form specific sensing complexes with IAA6,IAA9,and/or IAA17 to modulate JA homeostasis and control AR initiation.

关键词： TIR1/AFB AuxIAA jasmonate adventitious roots Arabidopsis

Bio-based rejuvenators in asphalt pavements:A comprehensive review and analytical study

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第3期4卷 282-291页

作者： Maria Chiara Cavalli Wangjie Wu Lily Poulikakos Division of Highway and Railway Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden School of Highway Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China Empa Dübendorf 8600Switzerland

The pressing demand for sustainable advancements in road infrastructure has catalyzed extensive research into environmentally conscious alternatives for the maintenance and restoration of asphalt concrete *** paper offers a comprehensive review and analysis of bio-based rejuvenators as a promising avenue for enhancing the longevity and sustainability of *** a multifaceted exploration,it delves into various aspects of this innovative *** a thorough overview of bio-based rejuvenators,the study highlights their renewable and environmentally friendly *** conducts an in-depth examination of a wide spectrum of bio-derived materials,including vegetable oils,waste-derived bio-products,and biopolymers,through a comprehensive *** paper evaluates how bio-based rejuvenators enhance aged asphalt binders and mixes,effectively mitigating the adverse impacts of ***,it investigates how these rejuvenators address environmental concerns by identifying compatibility issues,assessing long-term performance,and evaluating economic ***,the paper outlines potential advancements and research pathways aimed at optimizing the utilization of bio-based rejuvenators in asphalt concrete,thereby contributing to the sustainable evolution of road infrastructure.

关键词： Bio-based rejuvenator Bio-based asphalt concrete Bio-based asphalt mechanical performance Environmental benefit Optimized utilization of bio-based rejuvenator

Towards climate resilient urban energy systems: a review

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 159-176页

作者： Vahid M.Nik A.T.D.Perera Deliang Chen Division of Building Physics Department of Building and Environmental Technology Lund University Institute for Future Environments(IFE) Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Gothenburg Division of Building Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory(LESO-PB) Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL) Urban Energy Systems Laboratory

Climate change and increased urban population are two major concerns for *** towards more sustainable energy solutions in the urban context by integrating renewable energy technologies supports decarbonizing the energy sector and climate change mitigation.A successful transition also needs adequate consideration of climate change including extreme events to ensure the reliable performance of energy systems in the long *** review provides an overview of and insight into the progress achieved in the energy sector to adapt to climate change,focusing on the climate resilience of urban energy *** state-of-the-art methodology to assess impacts of climate change including extreme events and uncertainties on the design and performance of energy systems is described and *** resilience is an emerging concept that is increasingly used to represent the durability and stable performance of energy systems against extreme climate ***,it has not yet been adequately explored and widely used,as its definition has not been clearly articulated and assessment is mostly based on qualitative *** study reveals that a major limitation in the state-of-the-art is the inadequacy of climate change adaptation approaches in designing and preparing urban energy systems to satisfactorily address plausible extreme climate ***,the complexity of the climate and energy models and the mismatch between their temporal and spatial resolutions are the major limitations in linking these ***,few studies have focused on the design and operation of urban energy infrastructure in terms of climate *** the occurrence of extreme climate events and increasing demand for implementing climate adaptation strategies,the study highlights the importance of improving energy system models to consider future climate variations including extreme events to identify climate resilient energy transition pathways.

关键词： climate resilience climate change adaptation urban energy systems renewable energy extreme events decentralized generation

Assessing the magnetic order dependent γ-surface of Cr-Co-Ni alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第21期80卷 66-74页

作者： Zhibiao Yang Song Lu Yanzhong Tian Zijian Gu Huahai Mao Jian Sun Levente Vitos Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Applied Materials Physics Department of Materials Science and EngineeringRoyal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10044Sweden Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Unit of Structures Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKTHSE-10044StockholmSweden Thermo-Calc Software Råsundav.18SE-16767SolnaSweden Division of Materials Theory Department of Physics and Materials ScienceUppsala UniversityP.O.Box 516Uppsala SE-75120Sweden research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics Wigner Research Center for PhysicsBudapest H-1525P.O.Box 49Hungary

In order to efficiently explore the nearly infinite composition space in multicomponent solid solution alloys for reaching higher mechanical performance,it is important to establish predictive design strategies using computation-aided ***,using ab initio calculations we systematically study the effects of magnetism and chemical composition on the generalized stacking fault energy surface(γ-surface) of Cr-Co-Ni medium entropy alloys and show that both chemistry and the coupled magnetic state strongly affect the γ-surface,consequently,the primary deformation *** relations among various stable and unstable stacking fault energies are revealed and *** present findings are useful for studying the deformation behaviors of Cr-Co-Ni alloys and facilitate a density functional theory based design of transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity mechanisms in Cr-Co-Ni alloys.

关键词： Cr-Co-Ni alloys Stacking fault energy Transformation-induced plasticity Twinning-induced plasticity Ab initio

Theoretical and experimental study of phase transformation and twinning behavior in metastable high-entropy alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第4期99卷 161-168页

作者： Zhibiao Yang Song Lu Yanzhong Tian Zijian Gu Jian Sun Levente Vitos Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Applied Materials Physics Department of Materials Science and EngineeringRoyal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10044Sweden Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Division of Materials Theory Department of Physics and Materials ScienceUppsala UniversityP.O.Box 516Uppsala SE-75120Sweden research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics Wigner Research Center for PhysicsBudapest H-1525P.O.Box 49Hungary

Combined theoretical and experimental efforts are put forward to study the critical factors influencing deformation mode transitions in face-centered cubic *** revisit the empirical relationship between the stacking fault energy(SFE)and the prevalent deformation *** ab initio calculated SFE,we establish the critical boundaries between various deformation modes in the model Cr-Co-Ni solid solution *** agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental observations are *** findings shield light on applying quantum mechanical calculations in designing transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity mechanisms for achieving advanced mechanical properties.

关键词： Metastable alloys Stacking fault energy Twinning Martensitic transformation Co-Cr-Ni alloys

Characterization of ultrafine particles from hardfacing coated brake rotors

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Friction 2023年第1期11卷 125-140页

作者： Yezhe LYU Ankur SINHA Ulf OLOFSSON Stefano GIALANELLA Jens WAHLSTRÖM Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences Lund UniversityLund SE-22100Sweden Department of Machine Design KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10044Sweden Department of Industrial Engineering University of TrentoTrento 38123Italy

Automotive brake rotors are commonly made from gray cast iron(GCI).During usage,brake rotors are gradually worn off and periodically ***,replaced brake rotors are mostly remelted to produce brand-new cast iron products,resulting in a relatively high energy consumption and carbon footprint into the *** addition,automotive brakes emit airborne *** of the emitted particles are categorized as ultrafine,which are sized below 100 nm,leading to a series of health and environmental *** this study,two surface treatment techniques are applied,ie.,high-velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF)and laser cladding(LC),to overlay wear-resistant coatings on conventional GCI brake rotors in order to refurbish the replaced GCI brake rotor and to avoid the remelting *** two coating materials are evaluated in terms of their coefficient of friction(CoF),wear,and ultrafine particle emissions,by comparing them with a typical GCI brake *** results show that the CoF of the HVOF disc is higher than those of the GCI and LC ***,HVOF disc has the lowest wear rate but results in the highest wear rate on the mating brake pad *** LC disc yields a similar wear rate as the GCI *** ultrafine particles from the GCI and LC discs appeared primarily in round,chunky,and flake *** HVOF disc emits unique needle-shaped *** the ultrafine particle range,the GCI and HVOF discs generate particles that are primarily below 100 nm in the running-in period and 200 nm in the steady ***,the LC disc emitted particles that are primarily~200 nm in the entire test run.

关键词： ultrafine particle high-velocity oxygen fuel laser cladding brake particle size distribution particle morphology

Condensed point defects enhance thermoelectric performance of rare-earth Lu-doped GeTe

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第20期151卷 227-233页

作者： Wan-Yu Lyu Wei-Di Liu Meng Li Xiao-Lei Shi Min Hong Tianyi Cao Kai Guo Jun Luo Jin Zou Zhi-Gang Chen Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldQueensland 4300Australia School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia School of Physics and Materials Science Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia

Heavy rare-earth element doping can effectively strengthen phonon scattering,suppress the lattice thermal conductivity,and enhance the overall thermoelectric performance of ***,the large electronegativity difference between rare-earth elements(such as La,Eu,and Gd)and Ge refrains the doping limit of rare-earth elements below 1 mol.%in ***,compared with other rare earth elements,Lu was found to have a relatively small radius and electronegativity difference with Ge,which can induce a high doping level in *** result shows that Lu doping effectively reduces the lattice thermal conductivity from 0.77 W^(−1) m K^(−1) of GeTe to 0.35 W m^(−1) K^(−1) of Ge_(0.98)Lu_(0.02)Te at 673 K,and further induces a high zT value of 1.5 in Ge_(0.98)Lu_(0.02)Te at 673 *** Sb alloying optimizes the carrier concentration from 1.02×10^(21) cm^(−3) of Ge_(0.98)Lu_(0.02)Te to 1.77×10^(20) cm^(−3) of Ge0.90Lu0.02Sb0.08Te,which results in a reasonable power factor of 33.82μW cm^(−1) K^(−2) and a low electrical thermal conductivity of 0.75 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 673 K in Ge_(0.90)Lu_(0.02)Sb_(0.08)***,a peak zT of 1.75 at 673 K and an average zT of 0.92 within the temperature range of 303–723 K are obtained in Ge_(0.9)Lu_(0.02)Sb_(0.08)*** study indicates that Lu and Sb co-doping can effectively boost the thermoelectric performance of GeTe-based thermoelectric materials.

关键词： Thermoelectric Rare-earth Thermal conductivity Carrier concentration

Dynamics of cooperative emissions in a cascade three-level molecular system driven by an ultrashort laser pulse

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Chinese Physics B 2008年第11期17卷 4211-4217页

作者：刘纪彩王春兴 Gel’mukhanov Faris 王传奎 College of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China Department of Theoretical Chemistry School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden

This paper investigates the dynamics of cooperative emissions in a cascade three-level system driven by an ultra, short laser pulse by solving numerically the full-wave Maxwell-Bloch equations. The 4, 4＇-bis（dimethylamino） stilbene molecule is used as the model molecule because of its strong two-photon absorption property. The two-colour cooperative emissions are studied as functions of molecular number density and dephasing rate of the dipole coherence. The propagation effects on the evolution of the cooperative radiations are also taken into account. The cooperative radiations are enhanced for large number density of the molecule, while the fast dephasing of the dipole coherence reduces the intensity of the cooperative radiations and delays the emission times or even inhibits the formation of the emissions. The delay time of the radiation decreases with the increase of the molecular number density and the propagation distance.

关键词： superfluorescence ultra-short laser pulse 4 4'-bis(dimethylamino) stilbene organic molecule Maxwell-Bloch equations