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Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1158-1172页

作者： Dohyung M.Kim Jing Liu Melanie A.Whitmore Isabel Tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain *** acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)***,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains *** To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 ***,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier *** further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler *** each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,*** recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d *** impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene *** We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal ***,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and ***,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of ***,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,F

关键词： Bile acids Host defense peptides Metabolites Microbiome Necrotic enteritis Short-chain fatty acids

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Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller W.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe W.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

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Distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds in flour milling fractions from hard red winter wheat

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 71-78页

作者： Lauren Renee Brewer Jittawan Kubola Sirithon Siriamornpun Yong-Cheng Shi Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of food Innovation and Processing Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyBuriram Rajabhat UniversityBuriram 31000Thailand Research Unit of Thai food innovation Department of Food Technology and NutritionMahasarakham UniversityMahasarakham 44000Thailand

Mature wheat kernels contain three main parts:endosperm,bran,and *** milling results in multiple streams that are chemically different;however,the distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds has not been well documented in terms of conventional milling by-product *** this study,multiple analytical methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity and phenolic compound compositions of hard red winter wheat(whole ground wheat),the parts of a wheat kernel(bran,flour,germ),and wheat by-product streams(mill feed,red dog,shorts)for the first *** each mill stream,phenolic compounds(total,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents)were determined and antioxidant activities were evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activity,ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP),and total antioxidant capacity *** differences(Pfoods with improved nutritional properties.

关键词： Wheat Milling streams Antioxidants Phenolic acids Flavonoid Anthocyanin

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Butyrate in combination with forskolin alleviates necrotic enteritis,increases feed efficiency,and improves carcass composition of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1115-1125页

作者： Qing Yang Binlong Chen Kelsy Robinson Thiago Belem Wentao Lyu Zhuo Deng Ranjith Ramanathan Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA College of Animal Science Xichang UniversityXichangSichuanChina Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA–Agricultural Research Service(ARS)FayettevilleARUSA State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Institute of Agro-product Safety and NutritionZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for ChildrenDallasTXUSA.

Background:The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has necessitated the development of effective alternatives to antibiotics for livestock and poultry *** study investigated a possible synergy between butyrate and forskolin(a natural labdane diterpene)in enhancing innate host defense,barrier function,disease resistance,growth performance,and meat quality of ***:The expressions of representative genes involved in host defense(AvBD9 and AvBD10),barrier function(MUC2,CLDN1,and TJP1),and inflammation(IL-1β)were measured in chicken HD11 macrophages in response to butyrate and forskolin in the presence or absence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides(LPS).Intestinal lesions and the Clostridium perfringens titers were also assessed in ***-challenged chickens fed butyrate and forskolincontaining Coleus forskohlii(CF)extract individually or in ***,growth performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated in broilers supplemented with butyrate and the CF extract for 42 ***:Butyrate and forskolin synergistically induced the expressions of AvBD9,AvBD10,and MUC2 in chicken HD11 cells(P<0.05)and the synergy was maintained in the presence of *** and forskolin also suppressed LPS-induced IL-1βgene expression in HD11 cells in a synergistic manner(P<0.05).The two compounds significantly reduced the intestinal lesions of ***-challenged chickens when combined(P<0.05),but not ***,butyrate in combination with forskolin-containing CF extract had no influence on weight gain,but significantly reduced feed intake(P<0.05)with a strong tendency to improve feed efficiency(P=0.07)in a 42-d feeding ***,the butyrate/forskolin combination significantly decreased abdominal fat deposition(P=0.01)with no impact on the carcass yield,breast meat color,drip loss,or pH of d-42 ***:Butyrate and forskolin has potential to be developed as novel antibiotic alternatives to improve

关键词： Antibiotic alternatives Butyrate Forskolin Necrotic enteritis Poultry

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Pasture-finishing of bison improves animal metabolic health and potential health-promoting compounds in meat

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1759-1776页

作者： Stephan van Vliet Amanda D.Blair Lydia M.Hite Jennifer Cloward Robert E.Ward Carter Kruse Herman A.van Wietmarchsen Nick van Eekeren Scott L.Kronberg Frederick D.Provenza Center for Human Nutrition Studies Department of NutritionDieteticsand Food SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Applied SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUT 84322USA Department of Wildland Resources Utah State UniversityLoganUT 84332USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57707USA Turner institute of Ecoagriculture BozemanMT 59718USA Louis Bolk institute Bunnik 3981AJthe Netherlands Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceMandanND 58554USA

Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ***,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional ***,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(*** lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,P<0.05).Relative to pasture-finished animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all P<0.05).Pasture-finishing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all P<0.05).In contrast,vitamins B5,B6,and C,gamma/beta-tocopherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all P<0.05);suggesting some concentrate feeding,or grazing plants rich in those compounds,may be *** Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional po

关键词： Bison Grass-fed Meat Nutrition Omega-3 fats Pasture-raised Phytochemicals

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Plant photosystem Ⅱ assembly:TROL2 to the rescue

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Molecular Plant 2023年第11期16卷 1719-1721页

作者： Sujith Puthiyaveetil Steven D.McKenzie Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Biology Purdue UniversityWest LatayetteIN 47907USA

In one of the most consequential biochemical reactions on earth,a pigment-protein complex known as photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ)in photosynthesis extracts electrons,protons,and oxygen from water using energy from ***Ⅱ thereby sustains life on earth by harnessing the potential of two nearly inexhaustible raw materials:sunlight and *** plant PSllis a membrane-embedded *** monomer consists of around 28 unique protein subunits,157 chlorophylls,44 carotenoids,2 pheophytins,a heme,a non-heme iron,two quinones,and a Mn_(4)CaO_(5) cluster(Su et al.,2017;Cao et al.,2018).Within each monomeric complex,20 protein subunits constitute a core(Figure 1A).

关键词： Figure earth thereby

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Linkage between the intestinal microbiota and residual feed intake in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1073-1088页

作者： Jing Liu Sydney N.Stewart Kelsy Robinson Qing Yang Wentao Lyu Melanie A.Whitmore Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research Service(ARS)FayettevilleARUSA institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-products Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina

Background:Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in nutrient digestion and utilization with a profound impact on feed efficiency of livestock ***,the intestinal microbes that are critically involved in feed efficiency remain ***:To identify intestinal bacteria associated with residual feed intake(RFI)in chickens,male Cobb broiler chicks were individually housed from day 14 to day *** RFI values were calculated for 56 *** contents were collected from the ileum,cecum,and cloaca of each animal on day *** DNA was isolated and subjected to 16S rRNA gene *** microbiota was classified to the feature level using Deblur and QIIME *** and low RFI groups were formed by selecting 15 and 17 chickens with the most extreme RFI values for subsequent LEfSe comparison of the difference in the *** correlation analysis was further performed to identify correlations between the intestinal microbiota composition and ***:No significant difference in evenness,richness,and overall diversity of the microbiota in the ileum,cecum,or cloaca was observed between high and low RFI ***,LEfSe analysis revealed a number of bacterial features being differentially enriched in either high or low RFI *** correlation analysis further identified many differentially enriched bacterial features to be significantly correlated with RFI(P<0.05).Importantly,not all short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)producers showed a positive association with *** two novel members of Oscillibacter and Butyricicoccus were more abundant in low-RFI,high-efficiency chickens,several other SCFA producers such as Subdoligranulum variabile and two related Peptostreptococcaceae members were negatively associated with feed ***,a few closely-related Lachnospiraceae family members showed a positive correlation with feed efficiency,while others of the same family displayed an opposite relationship.C

关键词： Feed conversion ratio Feed efficiency Microbiota Poultry Residual feed intake

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FTY720,a sphingosine analog,altered placentome histoarchitecture in ewes

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 380-392页

作者： Kathrin A.Dunlap Bryan G.White David W.Erikson M.Carey Satterfield Christiane Pfarrer Guoyao Wu Fuller W.Bazer Robert C.Burghardt Kayla J.Bayless Greg A.Johnson Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Okanagan College Salmon Arm Campus Salmon ArmBritish ColumbiaCanada Endocrine Technologies Core Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health&Science UniversityBeavertonORUSA Department of Anatomy University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverBischofsholer Damm 1530173 HannoverGermany Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX 77843USA

Background:The lysosphingolipid,sphingosine-1-phosphate,is a well-described and potent pro-angiogenic ***,as well as the sphingosine phosphorylating enzyme sphingosine kinase 1,are expressed in the placentomes of sheep and the decidua of rodents;however,a function for this signaling pathway during pregnancy has not been *** objective of this study was to investigate whether sphingosine-1-phosphate promoted angiogenesis within the placentomes of pregnant *** were given daily jugular injections of FTY720(2-amino-2[2-(−4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propate-1,3-diol hydrochloride),an S1P ***:FTY720 infusion from days 30 to 60 of pregnancy did not alter maternal organ weights nor total number or mass of placentomes,but did alter placentome *** of caruncular crypts and cotyledonary villi was decreased,as was the relative area of cotyledonary tissue within ***,the percentage of area occupied by cotyledonary villi per unit of placentome was increased,while the thickness of the caruncular capsule was decreased in ewes treated with ***,FTY720 infusion decreased the number and density of blood vessels within caruncular tissue near the placentome capsule where the crypts emerge from the ***,FTY720 infusion decreased asparagine and glutamine in amniotic fluid and methionine in allantoic fluid,and decreased the crown rump length of day 60 ***:While members of the sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway have been characterized within the uteri and placentae of sheep and mice,the present study uses FTY720 to address the influence of S1P signaling on placental *** present evidence that modulation of the S1P signaling pathway results in the alteration of caruncular vasculature,placentome architecture,abundance of amino acids in allantoic and amniotic fluids,and fetal growth during pregnancy in *** marked morphological changes in placentome histoarchitec

关键词： Placentome Pregnancy Sheep Sphingosine1 phosphate(S1P)

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Dynamics of Submersible Mussel Rafts in Waves and Current

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China Ocean Engineering 2015年第3期29卷 431-444页

作者： WANG Xin-xin M.Robinson SWIFT Tobias DEWHURST Igor TSUKROV Barbaros CELIKKOL Carter NEWELL Center for Ocean Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Department University of New Hampshire Laboratory of Fisheries Engineering Fisheries College Ocean University of China Pemaquid Mussel Farms

To investigate the dynamics of submersible mussel rafts, the finite element program Aqua-FETM, developed by the University of New Hampshire（UNH）, was applied to rafts moored at the surface and submerged. The submerged configuration is used to reduce wave forcing and to avoid contact with floating ice during winters in northern waters. Each raft consists of three pontoons connected by a grid framework. Rafts are intended to support densely spaced mussel ropes hung from the framework. When submerged, the pontoons are flooded, and the raft is held vertically by floats attached by lines. The computer models were developed in Aqua-FE？ to simulate the effects of waves and current. They were validated by comparison with wave tank results by use of a 1/10 scale raft physical model. Comparisons showed good agreement for the important heave（vertical） and pitch（rotational） motions, though there was a tendency towards conservative results for wave and current drag. Full-scale simulations of surface and submerged single raft and two rafts connected in tandem were performed. Submerged raft wave response was found to be reduced relative to that at the surface for both the single and two-raft configurations. In particular, the vertical motion of mussel rope connection points was significantly reduced by submergence, resulting in reduced potential for mussel drop-off. For example, the maximum vertical velocities of mussel rope attachment points in the submerged two raft case were 7%-20% of the corresponding velocities when at the surface.

关键词： mussel raft submersible mussel ropes finite element model waves and current storm response

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A transgenic pig model expressing a CMV-ZsGreen1 reporter across an extensive array of tissues

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2021年第2期35卷 163-173页

作者： Amy T.Desaulniers Rebecca A.Cederberg Elizabeth P.Carreiro Channabasavaiah B.Gurumurthy Brett R.White Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583-0908USA Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-5930USA

Since genetic engineering of pigs can benefit both biomedicine and agriculture,selecting a suitable gene promoter is critically *** cytomegalovirus(CMV)promoter,which can robustly drive ubiquitous transgene expression,is commonly used at present,yet recent reports suggest tissue-specific activity in the *** objective of this study was to quantify ZsGreen1 protein(in lieu of CMV promoter activity)in tissues from pigs harboring a CMV-ZsGreen1 transgene with a single integration *** samples(n=35)were collected from neonatal hemizygous(n=3)and homozygous(n=3)piglets and ZsGreen1 abundance was determined via ***1 was detected in all tissues,except hypothalamus,kidney cortex and *** expression patterns of homozygous and hemizygous piglets were similar(P>0.05).However,quantification revealed that ZsGreen1 protein levels were *** neural/endocrine tissues,ZsGreen1 abundance was highest in the anterior pituitary gland,intermediate in the cerebellum and lowest in the cerebrum,spinal cord and posterior pituitary(P<0.05).In the digestive system,ZsGreen1 was more abundant in the salivary gland than esophagus,stomach,pancreas,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,spleen,colon,gallbladder and liver(P<0.05).Interestingly,ZsGreen1 amounts also differed within an organ(i.e.,the right ventricle had 3-fold higher levels than the other heart chambers;P<0.05).These results provide useful information for the use of the CMV promoter to drive transgene expression in the ***,this swine model represents a novel resource of ZsGreen1-labeled organs and a valuable tool to advance genome editing research.

关键词： gene expression profiling CMV promoter ZsGreen1 biomedical model genome editing

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