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High-dose dexamethasone regulates microglial polarization via the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第9期20卷 2611-2623页

作者： Mengshi Yang Miao Bai Yuan Zhuang Shenghua Lu Qianqian Ge Hao Li Yu Deng Hongbin Wu Xiaojian Xu Fei Niu Xinlong Dong Bin Zhang Baiyun Liu Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurotrauma and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Center for Nerve Injury and Repair Beijing Institute of Brain DisordersChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina

Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently *** potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet *** the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of *** vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial ***,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were ***-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of *** Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our ***-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain *** dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in *** receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain ***,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is th

关键词： apoptosis BV2 microglia dexamethasone glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoids innate immune system microglial polarization neuroinflammation primary microglia traumatic brain injury

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Defects‑Rich Heterostructures Trigger Strong Polarization Coupling in Sulfides/Carbon Composites with Robust Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 528-547页

作者： Jiaolong Liu Siyu Zhang Dan Qu Xuejiao Zhou Moxuan Yin Chenxuan Wang Xuelin Zhang Sichen Li Peijun Zhang Yuqi Zhou Kai Tao Mengyang Li Bing Wei Hongjing Wu Mengyang Li Bing Wei Hongjing Wu School of Physics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Microelectronics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Telecommunication Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary School of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems forAerospace School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern PolytechnicalUniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China

Defects-rich heterointerfaces integrated with adjustable crystalline phases and atom vacancies,as well as veiled dielectric-responsive character,are instrumental in electromagnetic *** methods,however,constrain their delicate ***,an innovative alternative is proposed:carrageenan-assistant cations-regulated(CACR)strategy,which induces a series of sulfides nanoparticles rooted in situ on the surface of carbon *** unique configuration originates from strategic vacancy formation energy of sulfides and strong sulfides-carbon support interaction,benefiting the delicate construction of defects-rich heterostructures in M_(x)S_(y)/carbon composites(M-CAs).Impressively,these generated sulfur vacancies are firstly found to strengthen electron accumulation/consumption ability at heterointerfaces and,simultaneously,induct local asymmetry of electronic structure to evoke large dipole moment,ultimately leading to polarization coupling,i.e.,defect-type interfacial ***“Janus effect”(Janus effect means versatility,as in the Greek two-headed Janus)of interfacial sulfur vacancies is intuitively confirmed by both theoretical and experimental investigations for the first ***,the sulfur vacancies-rich heterostructured Co/Ni-CAs displays broad absorption bandwidth of 6.76 GHz at only 1.8 mm,compared to sulfur vacancies-free CAs without any dielectric *** defects-rich heterostructures,this one-pot CACR strategy may steer the design and development of advanced nanomaterials,boosting functionality across diverse application domains beyond electromagnetic response.

关键词： Defects-rich heterointerfaces Sulfides Polarization coupling Electromagnetic wave absorption

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Recovery of the injured neural system through gene delivery to surviving neurons in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第10期20卷 2855-2861页

作者： Chanchal Sharma Sehwan Kim Hyemi Eo Sang Ryong Kim School of Life Science Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch Group Kyungpook national University DaeguKorea Brain Science and Engineering Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea

A critical unaddressed problem in Parkinson’s disease is the lack of therapy that slows or hampers *** medications effectively manage symptoms,they offer no long-term benefit because they fail to address the underlying neuronal *** highlights that the elusive goals of halting progression and restoring damaged neurons limit the long-term impact of current *** clinical trials using gene therapy have demonstrated the safety of various vector delivery systems,dosages,and transgenes expressed in the central nervous system,signifying tangible and substantial progress in applying gene therapy as a promising Parkinson’s disease ***,at diagnosis,many dopamine neurons remain in the substantia nigra,offering a potential window for recovery and *** propose that modulating these surviving dopamine neurons and axons in the substantia nigra and striatum using gene therapy offers a potentially more impactful therapeutic approach for future ***,innovative gene therapies that focus on preserving the remaining elements may have significant potential for enhancing long-term outcomes and the quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s *** this review,we provide a perspective on how gene therapy can protect vulnerable elements in the substantia nigra and striatum,offering a novel approach to addressing Parkinson’s disease at its core.

关键词： adeno-associated virus gene therapy neuroprotection neurorestoration neurotrophic factor nigrostriatal dopamine pathway pro-survival protein

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Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia decreases neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第10期20卷 2955-2968页

作者： Wei Zhang Yubao Lu Ruoqi Shen Yingjie Wu Chenrui Liu Xingxing Fang Liangming Zhang Bin Liu Limin Rong Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina national Medical Products Administration(NMPA)Key Laboratory for Quality research and Evaluation of Cell Products GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Microglia,the resident monocyte of the central nervous system,play a crucial role in the response to spinal cord ***,the precise mechanism remains *** investigate the molecular mechanisms by which microglia regulate the neuroinflammatory response to spinal cord injury,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing dataset analysis,focusing on changes in microglial *** found that the MG1 subpopulation emerged in the acute/subacute phase of spinal cord injury and expressed genes related to cell pyroptosis,sphingomyelin metabolism,and neuroinflammation at high ***,we established a mouse model of contusive injury and performed intrathecal injection of siRNA and molecular inhibitors to validate the role of ceramide synthase 5 in the neuroinflammatory responses and pyroptosis after spinal cord ***,we established a PC12-BV2 cell co-culture system and found that ceramide synthase 5 and pyroptosis-associated proteins were highly expressed to induce the apoptosis of neuron *** ceramide synthase 5 expression in a mouse model of spinal cord injury effectively reduced ***,ceramide synthase 5-induced pyroptosis was dependent on activation of the NLRP3 signaling *** ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia in vivo reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted recovery of neurological ***2g7 formed a“bridge”between sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide synthase 5-mediated cell death by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling ***,these findings suggest that inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia after spinal cord injury effectively suppressed microglial pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

关键词： ceramide synthase 5 gasdermin D microglia neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factor kappa B Pla2g7 pyroptosis sphingomyelin metabolism spinal cord injury

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Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 71-78页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT) left undetermined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon asymmetry. It, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs) within the standard model of particle physics. If these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained, and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes

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Wave effect of gravitational waves intersected with a microlens field Ⅱ:An adaptive hierarchical tree algorithm and population study

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 241-254页

作者： Xikai Shan Guoliang Li Xuechun Chen Wen Zhao Bin Hu Shude Mao Department of Astronomy Tsinghua University Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University School of Physics and Astronomy Beijing Normal University School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China CAS Key Laboratory for researches in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences

The gravitational lensing wave effect generated by a microlensing field embedded in a lens galaxy is an inevitable phenomenon in strong lensed gravitational waves （SLGWs）.This effect presents both challenges and opportunities for the detection and application of ***,investigating this wave effect requires computing a complete diffraction integral over each microlens in the *** is extremely time-consuming due to the large number of microlenses （10～3-10～6）.Therefore,simply adding all the microlenses is ***,the complexity of the time delay surface makes the lens plane resolution a crucial factor in controlling numerical *** this paper,we propose a trapezoid approximation-based adaptive hierarchical tree algorithm to meet the challenges of calculation speed and *** find that this algorithm accelerates the calculation by four orders of magnitude compared to the simple adding method and is one order of magnitude faster than the fixed hierarchical tree algorithm proposed for electromagnetic *** importantly,our algorithm ensures controllable numerical errors,increasing confidence in the *** with our previous work （***.66,239511,2023）,this paper addresses all numerical issues,including integral convergence,precision,and computational time1).Finally,we conducted a population study on the microlensing wave effect of SLGWs using this algorithm and found that the microlensing wave effect cannot be ignored,especially for Type II SLGWs （from saddle position of the time delay surface） due to their intrinsic geometric structures and their typical intersection with a denser microlensing ***,more than 33%（11%） of SLGWs have a mismatch larger than 1%（3%） compared to the unlensed ***,we found that the mismatch between signal pairs in a doubly imaged GW is generally larger than 10-3,and 61%（25%） of signal pairs have a mismatch larger than 1%（3%）.Therefo

关键词： gravitational lensing diffractional integral algorithm gravitational wave

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Silk damping in scalar-induced gravitational waves: a novel probe for new physics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 79-85页

作者： Yan-Heng Yu Sai Wang Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Silk damping is well known in the study of cosmic microwave background（CMB） and accounts for suppression of the angular power spectrum of CMB on large angular multipoles. In this article, we study the effect of Silk damping on the scalar-induced gravitational waves（SIGWs）. Resulting from the dissipation of cosmic fluid, the Silk damping notably suppresses the energydensity spectrum of SIGWs on scales comparable to a diffusion scale at the decoupling time of weakly-interacting particles. The effect offers a novel observable for probing the underlying particle interaction, especially for those mediated by heavy gauge bosons beyond the standard model of particles. We anticipate that pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to gauge bosons with mass ～10～3-10～4 GeV, while space-and ground-based interferometers to those with mass ～10～7-1012GeV, leading to essential complements to on-going and future experiments of high-energy physics.

关键词： scalar-induced gravitational waves Silk damping new physics

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Machine learning driven rational design of dual atom catalysts on graphene for carbon dioxide electroreduction

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Nano research 2025年第1期18卷 186-194页

作者： Dongxu Jiao Xinyi Li Mingzi Sun Lin Liu Jinchang Fan Jingxiang Zhao Bolong Huang Xiaoqiang Cui State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control School of Materials Science and Engineeringand Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOEJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap MaterialsMinistry of EducationHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China

The development of high-performance atomiccatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is atime-consuming process due to the complexity of the reactionmechanism and the uncertainty of the active ***,wehave proposed combining density functional theory(DFT)andmachine learning(ML)to investigate the potential of topologicalgraphene-based dual-atom catalysts(DACs)as CO_(2)*** analyzing the ML results,we identify thenumber of d-orbital electrons in the active site as a key factorinfluencing the CO_(2)RR catalytic ***,wepropose a simple descriptor to measure the CO_(2)RR activity ofthese *** findings provide plausible explanations for thesynergistic interactions between bimetallic atoms in CO_(2)RR andallow us to screen the homogeneous Ni-Ni pair as the mostpromising dual-atom *** work offers a fast MLapproach based on limited DFT calculations to predict the mostelectroactive and stable DACs on carbon support for CO_(2)RR,facilitating rapid screening of high-performance dual-atomcatalysts.

关键词： CO_(2)reaction reduction dual-atom catalysts density functional theory machine learning

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High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young Choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

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Mechanism of inflammatory response and therapeutic effects of stem cells in ischemic stroke:current evidence and future perspectives

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 67-81页

作者： Yubo Wang Tingli Yuan Tianjie Lyu Ling Zhang Meng Wang Zhiying He Yongjun Wang Zixiao Li Vascular Neurology Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China national Clinical research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Shanghai Engineering research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine ShanghaiChina national Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Chinese Institute for Brain research BeijingChina research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Engineering research Center of Digital Healthcare for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger ***,in particular,bears a high burden of stroke *** recent years,the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot:understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for its *** review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke,including microglia,neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes,and ***,we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for ischemic stroke,particularly in the field of stem cell ***,understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient *** cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.

关键词： cell therapy immune cell inflammatory ischemic stroke stem cell

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