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Nano Research 2021年第5期14卷 1450-1456页

作者： Petra S.Pálvölgyi Daniel Sebők Imre Szenti Eva Bozo Henri Ervasti Olli Pitkänen Jari Hannu Heli Jantunen Marko E.Leinonen Sami Myllymäki Akos Kukovecz Krisztian Kordas Microelectronics Research Unit Faculty of Information and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O.Box 4500FI-90570OuluFinland Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre Department of Applied and Environmental ChemistryUniversity of SzegedRerrich Béla tér 1H-6720SzegedHungary Centre for Wireless Communications University of OuluP.O.Box 4500FI-90570OuluFinland

In the next generation wireless communication systems operating at near terahertz frequencies, dielectric substrates with the lowest possible permittivity and loss factor are becoming essential. In this work, highly porous (98.9% ± 0.1%) and lightweight silica foams (0.025 ± 0.005 g/cm3), that have extremely low relative permittivity (εr = 1.018 ± 0.003 at 300 GHz) and corresponding loss factor (tan δ< 3 × 10−4 at 300 GHz) are synthetized by a template-assisted sol-gel method. After dip-coating the slabs of foams with a thin film of cellulose nanofibers, sufficiently smooth surfaces are obtained, on which it is convenient to deposit electrically conductive planar thin films of metals important for applications in electronics and telecommunication devices. Here, micropatterns of Ag thin films are sputtered on the substrates through a shadow mask to demonstrate double split-ring resonator metamaterial structures as radio frequency filters operating in the sub-THz band.

关键词： low-permittivity materials low-loss dielectrics templated sol-gel synthesis silica foams 6G telecommunication

Heavy ion ranges from first-principles electron dynamics

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 799-805页

作者： Andrea E.Sand Rafi Ullah Alfredo A.Correa Department of Physics University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 43FI-00014 HelsinkiFinland Quantum Simulations Group Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94550USA CIC nanoGUNE Ave.Tolosa 7620018 Donostia-San SebastiánSpain Departamento de Física de Materiales UPV/EHUPaseo Manuel de Lardizabal 320018 Donostia-San SebastiánSpain

The effects of incident energetic particles,and the modification of materials under irradiation,are governed by the mechanisms of energy losses of ions in *** complex processes affecting projectiles spanning many orders of magnitude in energy depend on both ion and electron *** multi-scale modeling methods that correctly capture the relevant processes is crucial for predicting radiation effects in diverse *** this work,we obtain channeling ion ranges for tungsten,a prototypical heavy ion,by explicitly simulating ion trajectories with a method that takes into account both the nuclear and the electronic stopping *** electronic stopping power of self-ion irradiated tungsten is obtained from first-principles timedependent density functional theory(TDDFT).Although the TDDFT calculations predict a lower stopping power than SRIM by a factor of three,our result shows very good agreement in a direct comparison with ion range *** results demonstrate the validity of the TDDFT method for determining electronic energy losses of heavy projectiles,and in turn its viability for the study of radiation damage.

关键词： stopping governed dynamics

Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2020年第2期13卷 91-113页

作者： Petri MUSTONEN David MACKENZIE Harri LIPSANEN Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto UniversityAalto FI-00076Finland

Graphene is a two-dimensional material showing excellent properties for utilization in transparent electrodes;it has low sheet resistance,high optical transmission and is *** the most common transparent electrode material,tin-doped indium-oxide(ITO)is brittle,less transparent and expensive,which limit its compatibility in flexible electronics as well as in low-cost *** we review two large-area fabrication methods for graphene based transparent electrodes for industry:liquid exfoliation and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition(CVD).We discuss the basic methodologies behind the technologies with an emphasis on optical and electrical properties of recent ***-of-the-art methods for liquid exfoliation have as a figure of merit an electrical and optical conductivity ratio of 43.5,slightly over the minimum required for industry of 35,while CVD reaches as high as 419.

关键词： transparent electrodes graphene liquid exfoliation chemical vapor deposition(CVD)

Development of a novel electrospun nanofibrous delivery system for poorly water-soluble β-sitosterol

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第4期11卷 500-506页

作者： Urve Paaver Ivo Laidmae Hélder A.Santos Jouko Yliruusi Jaan Aruvali Karin Kogermann Jyrki Heinamaki Faculty of Medicine Department of PharmacyUniversity of TartuNooruse150411 TartuEstonia Faculty of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiViikinkaari 5EFI-00014HelsinkiFinland Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuRavila 14a50411 TartuEstonia

Electrospinning was used as a novel technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers of a serum cholesterol lowering and poorly water-soluble plant sterol, β-sitosterol. Chitosan was used as a stabilizer/carrier polymer. The mean diameters of nanofibers ranged from 150 nm to218 nm. β-sitosterol was in an amorphous form and homogeneously dispersed in the nanofibers. The β-sitosterol-loaded nanofibers were freely water-soluble and exhibited very short lag-time in releasing the plant sterol. The dissolution was associated with an immediate recrystallization of β-sitosterol in submicron level. In conclusion, electrospinning is a promising future technology for the formulation of poorly water-soluble plant sterols.

关键词： Electrospinning Plant sterol β-sitosterol Nanofibers Solid-state properties Dissolution

Direct nanoscopic observation of plasma waves in the channel of a graphene field-effect transistor

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1079-1085页

作者： Amin Soltani Frederik Kuschewski Marlene Bonmann Andrey Generalov Andrei Vorobiev Florian Ludwig Matthias M.Wiecha Dovile Cibiraite Frederik Walla Stephan Winnerl Susanne C.Kehr Lukas M.Eng Jan Stake Hartmut G.Roskos Physikalisches Institut Johann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversitatMax-von-Laue-Str.1D-60438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universitat DresdenNöthnitzer Str.61D-01187 DresdenGermany Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400D-01328 DresdenGermany Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter(CT.QMAT) Cluster of Excellence EXC 2147Dresden/WurzburgGermany Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto UniversityTietotie 302150EspooFinland

Plasma waves play an important role in many solid-state phenomena and *** also become significant in electronic device structures as the operation frequencies of these devices increase.A prominent example is field-effect transistors(FETs),that witness increased attention for application as rectifying detectors and mixers of electromagnetic waves at gigahertz and terahertz frequencies,where they exhibit very good sensitivity even high above the cut-off frequency defined by the carrier transit *** theory predicts that the coupling of radiation at THz frequencies into the channel of an antenna-coupled FET leads to the development of a gated plasma wave,collectively involving the charge carriers of both the two-dimensional electron gas and the gate *** this paper,we present the first direct visualization of these *** graphene FETs containing a buried gate electrode,we utilize near-field THz nanoscopy at room temperature to directly probe the envelope function of the electric field amplitude on the exposed graphene sheet and the neighboring antenna *** of the field distribution documents that wave injection is unidirectional from the source side since the oscillating electrical potentials on the gate and drain are equalized by capacitive *** plasma waves,excited at 2 THz,are overdamped,and their decay time lies in the range of 25-70 *** this short decay time,the decay length is rather long,i.e.,0.3-0.5μm,because of the rather large propagation speed of the plasma waves,which is found to lie in the range of 3.5-7×10^(6)m/s,in good agreement with *** propagation speed depends only weakly on the gate voltage swing and is consistent with the theoretically predicted 1/4 power law.

关键词： antenna channel transistor

Nanoengineered Gallium Ion Incorporated Formulation for Safe and Efficient Reversal of PARP Inhibition and Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

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Research 2023年第3期2023卷 793-808页

作者： Yangyang Li Yixuan Cen Mengyan Tu Zhenzhen Xiang Sangsang Tang Weiguo Lu Hongbo Zhang Junfen Xu Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina Department of Gynecologic Oncology Women’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006ZhejiangChina Women’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Women’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006ZhejiangChina Cancer Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Åbo Akademi UniversityTurku FI-20520Finland Turku Bioscience Centre University of Turku andÅbo Akademi UniversityTurku FI-20520Finland

Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the main systemic treatment of ovarian cancer(OC).However,the inevitable development of platinum and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase inhibitor(PARPi)resistance is associated with poor outcomes,which becomes a major obstacle in the management of this *** present study developed“all-in-one”nanoparticles that contained the PARPi olaparib and gallium(Ga)(III)(olaparib-Ga)to effectively reverse PARPi resistance in platinum-resistant A2780-cis and SKOV3-cis OC cells and in SKOV3-cis tumor ***,the olaparib-Ga suppressed SKOV3-cis tumor growth with negligible ***,the suppression effect was more evident when combining olaparib-Ga with cisplatin or carboplatin,as evaluated in A2780-cis and SKOV3-cis ***,the combined treatment induced DNA damage,which elicited the activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ATM)/AMT-and Rad3-related(ATR)checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)/Chk2 signal transduction *** led to the arrest of cell cycle progression at S and G2/M phases,which eventually resulted in apoptosis and cell death due to unrepairable DNA *** addition,effective therapeutic responses to olaparib-Ga and cisplatin combination or olaparib-Ga and carboplatin combination were observed in SKOV3-cis tumor-bearing animal ***,the present findings demonstrate that olaparib-Ga has therapeutic implications in platinum-resistant OC cells,and the combination of olaparib-Ga with cisplatin or carboplatin may be promising for treating patients with OC who exhibit resistance to both PARPi and platinum.

关键词： platinum PARP eventually

Computational Modeling of a Typical Supersonic Converging-Diverging Nozzle and Validation by Real Measured Data

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Computational Modeling of a Typical Supersonic Converging-Di...

Evaluation of Molecular Techniques in Characterization of Deep Terrestrial Biosphere

作者： Omid Joneydi Shariatzadeh Afshin Abrishamkar Aliakbar Joneidi Jafari the Department of Energy Technology Lappeenranta University of Technology the Department of Chemical Technology Lappeenranta University of Technology the Department of Energy Technology School of TechnologyAalto University

The converging-diverging nozzles play a significant role in a supersonic wind tunnel,where they draw air from a gas *** to the back pressure conditions through the convergent section,air reaches sonic conditions at *** conditions lead this stream to flow further through the divergent section where the flow Mach number *** the determinative variables such as area ratio and back pressure,the obtained Mach number may be *** this work a comprehensive simulation of a flow in a typical supersonic converging-diverging nozzle has been *** the respective nozzle,flow suddenly contracts at a certain point and then expands after *** the simulation endeavors have been carried out by ANSYS FLUENT utilizing the mesh geometries previously and precisely accomplished in *** simulations have been conducted in either 2D or 3D domains to provide better comparative ***,the influence of the turbulence model,differentiation and computational grid to the solution has been ***,the numerical comparison between CFD modeling results and corresponding available measured data has been *** comparison analysis of the data demonstrates an accurate enough coordination between the experimental data and the simulation results,which is applied more to the 3D endeavors than 2Ds.

关键词： ANSYS FLUENT? computational fluid dynamics converging-diverging nozzle numerical validation turbulence models

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第8期4卷 468-487页

作者： Malin Bomberg Mari Nyyssonen Aura Nousiainen Jenni Hultman Lars Paulin Petri Auvinen Merja Itavaara VTT Technical Research Centre of finland EspooFinland Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Institute of Biotechnology University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

A suite of molecular methods targeting 16S rRNA genes (i.e., DGGE, clone and high-throughput [HTP] amplicon library sequencing) was used to profile the microbial communities in deep Fennoscandian crystalline bedrock fracture fluids. Variation among bacterial 16S rRNA genes was examined with two commonly used primer pairs: P1/P2 and U968f/U1401r. DGGE using U968f/ U1401r mostly detected β-, γ-proteobacteria and Firmicutes, while P1/P2 primers additionally detected other proteobacterial clades and candidate divisions. However, in combination with clone libraries the U968f/U1401r primers detected a higher bacterial diversity than DGGE alone. HTP amplicon sequencing with P1/P2 revealed an abundance of the DGGE bacterial groups as well as many other bacterial taxa likely representing minor components of these communities. Archaeal diversity was investigated via DGGE or HTP amplicon sequencingusing primers A344F/ 519RP. The majority of archaea detected with HTP amplicon sequencing belonged to uncultured Thermoplasmatales and Pendant 33/DHVE3, 4, 6 groups. DGGE of the same samples detected mostly SAGMEG and Methanosarcinales archaea, but almost none of those were revealed by HTP amplicon sequencing. Overall, our results show that the inferred diversity and composition of microbial communities in deep fracture fluids is highly dependent on analytical technique and that the method should be carefully selected with this in mind.

关键词： DGGE 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Library Sequencing Deep Subsurface

Construction of Dual-Biofunctionalized Chitosan/Collagen Scaffolds for Simultaneous Neovascularization and Nerve Regeneration

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 373-390页

作者： Guicai Li Qi Han Panjian Lu Liling Zhang Yuezhou Zhang Shiyu Chen Ping Zhang Luzhong Zhang Wenguo Cui Hongkui Wang Hongbo Zhang Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education Nantong University226001 NantongChina Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University226001 NantongChina Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics(IFE)&Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering(IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi RoadXi’an 710072China Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai 200025China Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Centre Åbo Akademi University20520 TurkuFinland

Biofunctionalization of artificial nerve implants by incorporation of specific bioactive factors has greatly enhanced the success of grafting procedures for peripheral nerve ***,most studies on novel biofunctionalized implants have emphasized the promotion of neuronal and axonal repair over vascularization,a process critical for long-term functional *** constructed a dual-biofunctionalized chitosan/collagen composite scaffold with Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val(IKVAV)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)by combining solution blending,in situ lyophilization,and surface *** of VEGF and IKVAV on the scaffolds was confirmed both qualitatively by staining and quantitatively by *** single-and dual-biofunctionalized scaffolds were compared for the promotion of endothelial cell(EC)and Schwann cell(SC)proliferation as well as the induction of angiogenic and neuroregeneration-associated genes by these cells in *** efficacy of these scaffolds for vascularization was evaluated by implantation in chicken embryos,while functional repair capacity in vivo was assessed in rats subjected to a 10mm sciatic nerve ***-biofunctionalized scaffolds supported robust EC and SC proliferation and upregulated the expression levels of multiple genes and proteins related to neuroregeneration and ***-biofunctionalized scaffolds demonstrated superior vascularization induction in embryos and greater promotion of vascularization,myelination,and functional recovery in *** findings support the clinical potential of VEGF/IKVAV dual-biofunctionalized chitosan/collagen composite scaffolds for facilitating peripheral nerve regeneration,making it an attractive candidate for repairing critical nerve *** study may provide a critical experimental and theoretical basis for the development and design of new artificial nerve implants with excellent biological performance.

关键词： functional promotion Dual

Self-crosslinkable chitosan-hyaluronic acid dialdehyde nanoparticles for CD44-targeted siRNA delivery to treat bladder cancer

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第2期6卷 433-446页

作者： Ye Liang Yonghua Wang Liping Wang Zhijuan Liang Dan Li Xiaoyu Xu Yuanbin Chen Xuecheng Yang Hongbo Zhang Haitao Niu Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology Medical Research CentreAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao266003China Department of Urology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao266003China Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Centre Åbo Akademi UniversityTurku20520Finland

Bladder cancer is one of the concerning malignancies worldwide,which is lacking effective targeted *** therapy is a potential approach for bladder cancer ***,a safe and effective targeted gene delivery system is urgently needed for prompting the bladder cancer treatment in *** this study,we confirmed that the bladder cancer had CD44 overexpression and small interfering RNAs(siRNA)with high interfere to Bcl2 oncogene were designed and *** hyaluronic acid dialdehyde(HAD)was prepared in an ethanol-water mixture and covalently conjugated to the chitosan nanoparticles(CS-HAD NPs)to achieve CD44 targeted siRNA *** in vitro and in vivo evaluations indicated that the siRNA-loaded CS-HAD NPs(siRNA@CS-HAD NPs)were approximately 100 nm in size,with improved stability,high siRNA encapsulation efficiency and low ***-HAD NPs could target to CD44 receptor and deliver the therapeutic siRNA into T24 bladder cancer cells through a ligand-receptor-mediated targeting mechanism and had a specific accumulation capacity in vivo to interfere the targeted oncogene Bcl2 in bladder ***,a CD44 targeted gene delivery system based on natural macromolecules was developed for effective bladder cancer treatment,which could be more conducive to clinical application due to its simple preparation and high biological safety.

关键词： siRNA delivery Chitosan Hyaluronic acid dialdehyde CD44 targeting Bladder cancer