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Maxwell Demon and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Steering

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第5期41卷 12-16页

作者：胡孟军胡晓敏张永生 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei national Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

research of Maxwell demon and quantum entanglement is important because of its foundational significance in physics and its potential applications in quantum information. Previous studies on the Maxwell demon have primarily focused on thermodynamics, taking into account quantum correlations. Here we consider from another perspective and ask whether quantum non-locality correlations can be simulated by performing work. The Maxwell demon-assisted Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR) steering is thus proposed, which implies a new type of loophole. The application of Landauer's erasure principle suggests that the only way to close this loophole during a steering task is by continuously monitoring the heat fluctuation of the local environment by the *** construct a quantum circuit model of Maxwell demon-assisted EPR steering, which can be demonstrated by current programmable quantum processors, such as superconducting quantum computers. Based on this quantum circuit model, we obtain a quantitative formula describing the relationship between energy dissipation due to the work of the demon and quantum non-locality correlation. The result is of great physical interest because it provides a new way to explore and understand the relationship between quantum non-locality, information, and thermodynamics.

关键词： quantum Maxwell Einstein

Boosting Hydrogen Storage Performance of MgH_(2) by Oxygen Vacancy-Rich H-V_(2)O_(5) Nanosheet as an Excited H-Pump

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 398-416页

作者： Li Ren Yinghui Li Zi Li Xi Lin Chong Lu Wenjiang Ding Jianxin Zou national Engineering research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming&State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China Shanghai Engineering research Center of Mg Materials and Applications&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

MgH_(2) is a promising high-capacity solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its application is greatly hindered by the high desorption temperature and sluggish ***,intertwined 2D oxygen vacancy-rich V_(2)O_(5) nanosheets(H-V_(2)O_(5))are specifically designed and used as catalysts to improve the hydrogen storage properties of MgH_(2).The as-prepared MgH_(2)-H-V_(2)O_(5) composites exhibit low desorption temperatures(Tonset=185℃)with a hydrogen capacity of 6.54 wt%,fast kinetics(Ea=84.55±1.37 kJ mol^(-1) H_(2) for desorption),and long cycling ***,hydrogen absorption can be achieved at a temperature as low as 30℃ with a capacity of 2.38 wt%within 60 ***,the composites maintain a capacity retention rate of~99%after 100 cycles at 275℃.Experimental studies and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the in-situ formed VH_(2)/V catalysts,unique 2D structure of H-V_(2)O_(5) nanosheets,and abundant oxygen vacancies positively contribute to the improved hydrogen sorption ***,the existence of oxygen vacancies plays a double role,which could not only directly accelerate the hydrogen ab/de-sorption rate of MgH_(2),but also indirectly affect the activity of the catalytic phase VH_(2)/V,thereby further boosting the hydrogen storage performance of MgH_(2).This work highlights an oxygen vacancy excited“hydrogen pump”effect of VH_(2)/V on the hydrogen sorption of Mg/MgH_(2).The strategy developed here may pave a new way toward the development of oxygen vacancy-rich transition metal oxides catalyzed hydride systems.

关键词： Hydrogen storage MgH_(2) V_(2)O_(5)nanosheets Oxygen vacancies VH_(2)

Entangled photons enabled ultrafast stimulated Raman spectroscopy for molecular dynamics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1615-1622页

作者： Jiahao Joel Fan Zhe-Yu Ou Zhedong Zhang Department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdongChina

Quantum entanglement has emerged as a great resource for studying the interactions between molecules and *** propose a new scheme of stimulated Raman scattering with entangled photons.A quantum ultrafast Raman spectroscopy is developed for condensed-phase molecules,to monitor the exciton populations and *** results are obtained,showing an entanglement-enabled time-frequency scale not attainable by classical *** Raman signal presents an unprecedented selectivity of molecular correlation functions,as a result of the Hong-Ou-Mandel *** work suggests a new paradigm of using an unconventional interferometer as part of spectroscopy,with the potential to unveil advanced information about complex materials.

关键词： materials. spectroscopy selectivity

from atomistic modeling to materials design:computation-driven material development in lithium-ion batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 276-290页

作者： Xiangrong Li Xiang Chen Qiang Bai Yifei Mo Yizhou Zhu research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310030China Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege Park 20742United States

As an advanced energy storage system,lithium-ion batteries play an essential role in modern *** their ubiquitous success,there is a great demand for continuous improvements of the battery performance,including higher energy density,lower safety risk,longer cycling life,and lower *** performance improvement requires the design and development of novel electrode and electrolyte materials that exhibit desirable properties and satisfy strict *** modeling can provide a unique perspective to fundamentally understand and rationally design battery *** this paper,we review a few recent successful examples of computation-driven discovery and design in electrode and electrolyte ***,we highlight how atomistic modeling can reveal the underlying mechanisms,predict the important properties,and guide the design and engineering of electrode and electrolyte *** have a conclusion with a discussion of the unique capability of atomistic modeling in battery material development and provide a perspective on future challenges and directions for computation-driven battery material developments.

关键词： materials design computation modeling batteries electrolyte electrode

Free-moving-state microscopic imaging of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics with a photoacoustic fiberscope

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 33-46页

作者： Xiaoxuan Zhong Yizhi Liang Xiaoyu Wang Haoying Lan Xue Bai Long Jin Bai-Ou Guan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Institute of Photonics TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China

We report the development of a head-mounted photoacoustic fiberscope for cerebral imaging in a freely behaving *** 4.5-gram imaging probe has a 9-µm lateral resolution and 0.2-Hz frame rate over a 1.2-mm wide *** probe can continuously monitor cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic responses at single-vessel resolution,showing significantly different cerebrovascular responses to external stimuli under anesthesia and in the freely moving *** example,when subjected to high-concentration CO_(2) respiration,enhanced oxygenation to compensate for hypercapnia can be visualized due to cerebral regulation in the freely moving *** studies exhibit significantly weakened compensation capabilities in obese *** new imaging modality can be used for investigating both normal and pathological cerebrovascular functions and shows great promise for studying cerebral activity,disorders and their treatments.

关键词： cerebral anesthesia moving

Embedded Majorana islands

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 154-164页

作者： Jin-Xing Hou Alex Weststrom Rui Wang Wen-Li Yang Jian Li Institute of Modern Physics Northwest UniversityXi’an 710127China Department of Physics School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310030China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers Xi’an 710127China Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China national Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Xi’an 710127China

Mesoscopic superconducting islands hosting Majorana zero modes(MZMs),or Majorana islands in short,offer a prototype of topological *** this work we investigate theoretically the model of a generic Majorana island tunneling-coupled to a singlepiece metallic substrate,hence an embedded Majorana *** show the crucial consequences of an interplay between the topological ground states nonlocally addressed by the MZMs and the metallic bath with coherent electron propagation:on the one hand,the topological degeneracy on the Majorana island can be preserved,by virtue of the particle-hole symmetry,despite the apparent bath-induced coupling between MZMs;on the other hand,the electronic interference in the metallic bath may lead to profound alterations to the renormalization group behavior of the hybrid system towards low energy/temperature compared with conventional Kondo *** work serves to establish the model of embedded Majorana islands as an experimentally relevant and theoretically intriguing problem particularly in the direction of topological quantum computation.

关键词： topological quantum computation Majorana zero modes topological qubit mesoscopic superconductor topological Kondo effect

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Engineering Thermoelectric Performance of α-GeTe by Ferroelectric Distortion

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 175-183页

作者： Yuting Fan Chenghao Xie Jun Li Xiangyu Meng Jinchang Sun Jinsong Wu Xinfeng Tang Gangjian Tan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology International School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology

The rhombohedral α-Ge Te can be approximated as a slightly distorted rocksalt structure along its [1 1 1] direction and possesses superb thermoelectric performance. However, the role of such a ferroelectric-like structural distortion on its transport properties remains unclear. Herein, we performed a systematic study on the crystal structure and electronic band structure evolutions of Ge1-xSnxTe alloys where the degree of ferroelectric distortion is continuously tuned. It is revealed that the band gap is maximized while multiple valence bands are converged at x = 0.6, where the ferroelectric distortion is the least but still works. Once undistorted, the band gap is considerably reduced, and the valence bands are largely separated ***, near the ferro-to-paraelectric phase transition Curie temperature,the lattice thermal conductivity reaches its minima because of significant lattice softening enabled by ferroelectric instability. We predict a peak ZT value of 2.6 at 673 K in α-Ge Te by use of proper dopants which are powerful in suppressing the excess hole concentrations but meanwhile exert little influence on the ferroelectric distortion.

关键词： electronic band structures ferroelectric distortion lattice softening thermoelectric α-GeTe

Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef Krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina Frantálová Michal Krupka Zuzana Kuglerová Sushil Kumar Singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-Martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt Matthias Dreimann Dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal Sam M.Vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell Shenyuan Ren YuanFeng Shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander Köhler Marion Harmand Sven Toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DESY Photon Science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for Soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

Solid Desiccant Heat Pump Fresh Air Unit using Composite Silica Gel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1286-1300页

作者： YANG Tianyu GUO Defang GE Tianshu Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory of Power Mechanical EngineeringMOE ChinaShanghai200240China Qingdao Haier A/C Electronic Co. LtdQingdao266101China

The introduction of fresh air into the indoor space leads to a significant increase in cooling or heating *** desiccant heat pump fresh air unit which can handle the latent and sensible load of fresh air efficiently have been proposed *** improve the performance of the solid desiccant heat pump fresh air unit in the fresh air handling process,in this paper,the application of composite silica gel in a heat pump fresh air unit was *** comparison between silica gel coating(SGC)and composite silica gel coating(CSGC)shows that the adsorption rate and water uptake capacity of CSGC are more than two times higher than those of *** experimental setup for the solid desiccant heat pump fresh air unit was *** performance of SGC and CSGC was tested in the setup *** show that under summer conditions,compared with the solid desiccant heat pump fresh air unit using silica gel(SGFU),the average moisture removal and COP of the one using composite silica gel(CSGFU)increased by 15%and 30%,*** winter conditions,compared with SGFU,the average humidification and COP of CSGFU increased by 42%and 17%.With optimal operation conditions of 3 min switchover time and 40 r/s compressor frequency,the COP of CSGFU under summer conditions can reach *** also show that the CSGFU and SGFU have higher COP and dehumidification rate under higher outdoor temperature and humidity ratio.

关键词： fresh air system desiccant coated heat exchanger humidification dehumidification experimental comparison