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Liquefaction and post-liquefaction behaviors of sands affected by immersion-induced degradation of crushed mudstone

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1799-1812页

作者： Tadao Enomoto Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University4-12-1Naka-narusawa-choHitachiIbaraki316-8511Japan

A series of undrained triaxial tests was conducted to investigate the effect of crushed mudstone with the immersion-induced degradation on the liquefaction and post-liquefaction properties,and the undrained shearing behavior without precedent cyclic-loading histories of sands containing crushed *** tested materials with a main particle diameter of 2-0.85 mm were prepared by mixing sands and crushed mudstone to reach the prescribed mudstone content defined by dry mass ranging from 0% to 50%.The mixtures were subjected to immersion under a certain stress level and were subsequently *** addition,one-dimensional compression tests were also supplementally performed to visually observe the immersion-induced degradation of crushed *** test results mainly showed that: (1) the liquefaction resistance,the post-liquefaction undrained strength,and the undrained strength without a precedent cyclic-loading history decreased significantly with increasing mudstone content,M c ,up to 20%;(2) even a small amount of crushed mudstone affected these strengths;(3) the above-mentioned large reductions in the strengths were attributed to the immersion-induced degradation of crushed mudstone;(4) at M_(c) >20%,the liquefaction resistance increased while the significant increase in the undrained static strengths with and without precedent cyclic-loading histories was not observed;and (5) the increase in the liquefaction resistance at M_(c) >20% may have been attributed to both the gradual increase in the plasticity and the formation of the soil aggregates among deteriorated crushed mudstone,while the increase in the specimen density did not play an important role in such behavior.

关键词： Liquefaction Post-liquefaction behavior Triaxial test Sands containing crushed mudstone

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Influence of viscosity on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells during 3D culture in viscous gelatin solution-embedded hydrogels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第4期63卷 1-8页

作者： kyubae Lee Yazhou Chen Xiaomeng Li Naoki kawazoe Yingnan Yang Guoping Chen Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305-0044Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Graduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305-8577Japan School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science University of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305-8571Japan

Differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)is regulated by a variety of cues of their surrounding *** particular,mechanical properties of cell culture matrices have been recently disclosed to play a pivotal role in stem cell ***,it remains elusive how viscosity affects the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs during three-dimensional(3 D)*** this study,a 3 D culture system that was established by embedding viscous gelatin solution in chemically cross-linked gelatin hydrogels was used for 3 D culture of hMSCs in gelatin solutions with different *** influence of solution viscosity on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs was *** gelatin solutions promoted cell proliferation in the order of low,middle and high viscosity while elastic hydrogels restricted cell *** viscosity gelatin solution led to increased production of the cartilaginous *** the synergistic stimulation of chondrogenic induction factors,high viscosity was beneficial for the chondrogenic differentiation of *** results suggested the role of viscosity should be considered as one of the dominant mechanical cues affecting stem cell differentiation.

关键词： viscosity culture stimulation

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Effects of Zr/Mo addition on He bubble formation in Y_(2)O_(3)-added W alloys

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Tungsten 2022年第3期4卷 203-211页

作者： Qiu Xu M.Miyamoto Lai-Ma Luo Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Kyoto UniversityOsaka590-0494Japan Shimane University Shimane690-8504Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230031China

To improve the mechanical properties of the Y_(2)O_(3)-added W alloy,Mo and Zr were independently added to a sample of W-Y_(2)O_(3).In this study,the effects of minor additions of elemental Mo and Zr on He bubble formation in the Y_(2)O_(3)added W alloys were investigated at 773 k,973 k,and 1173 k,where the maximum irradiation fluence of the samples using 5 keV He ions was 1.8×10^(21) He m^(−2).He bubbles were observed at all temperatures for both alloys;however,the irradiation fluences at which He bubbles could be observed differed at each *** increase in irradiation temperature,the He irradiation fluence for which the formation of He bubbles could be observed *** the relatively low temperature of 773 k,the void swelling in the W-Mo-Y_(2)O_(3)and W-Zr-Y_(2)O_(3)alloys was slightly lower than that of W-Y_(2)O_(3)***,at high temperature of 973 k and 1173 k,the He irradiation resistances of both W-Mo-Y_(2)O_(3)and W-Zr-Y_(2)O_(3)were worse than that of W-Y_(2)O_(3).The addition of Zr enhanced the interaction between vacancies and He,enhancing the formation of He ***,the addition of Mo coarsened the Y_(2)O_(3)particles,reducing the suppression of vacancy cluster formation due to the dispersion of Y_(2)O_(3)*** is,therefore,necessary to fully consider mechanical properties and T-retention in addition to the irradiation resistance of He to select an alloy as the plasma-facing material for fusion applications.

关键词： W-Y_(2)O_(3)alloy He bubble Mo Zr

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Effects of Public Transfers on Income Inequality and Poverty in Rural China

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China & World Economy 2022年第5期30卷 29-48页

作者： Hisatoshi Hoken Hiroshi Sato School of International Studies Kwansei Gakuin UniversityJapan Graduate School of Economics Hitotsubashi UniversityJapan

This study examines the impacts of public transfers on income inequality and poverty reduction in rural *** uses nationally representative rural household surveys from the China Household Income Project and classifies public transfers into threetypesuniversal,pro-poor,and reimbursable transfers-to compare the impacts of eachtype of public transfer in 2013and *** results show that the contributions of eachtypeof publictransfertoreducing incomeinequalityweregenerally small in both 2013 and ***,the effects of reimbursable transfers were the largest of the three *** also found that the poverty-reducing effects were the largest for reimbursabletransfers,and their impactshaveconsiderably improved inthewestern *** impacts of pro-poor transfers were intermediate but have developed notably in the central *** findings suggest that reimbursableand pro-poortransfers contributed mainly to reducing rural poverty but the impacts were heterogeneous among regions.

关键词： income inequality poverty public transfer rural policy social insurance

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Aluminum Electroplating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy with Acetic Anhydride Pretreatment

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第12期35卷 1996-2006页

作者： Zelei Zhang Atsushi kitada kazuhiro Fukami kuniaki Murase Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Chemical System Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

Magnesium(Mg)alloys for metal electroplating require a surface pretreatment,i.e.,the removal of the spontaneously oxidized surface layer(MgO,Mg(OH)_(2),andMgCO_(3)).However,the use of highly toxic and/or corrosive acids in conventional pretreatment processes has become an *** this study,a facile and less toxic pretreatment is demonstrated and applied in aluminum(Al)*** immersion of the AZ31 Mg alloy into acetic anhydride(Ac_(2)O)removed the spontaneously oxidized surface layer and formed a thin but stable magnesium acetate(Mg(OAc)_(2))layer that protects the metal substrate from further *** Al electroplating bath is a concentrated diglyme(G2)-AlCl_(3)organic solution that can readily dissolve Mg(OAc)_(2)to enable direct plating onto a metal *** as-deposited Al layer has a compact and crack-free morphology that improves the corrosion resistance and hardness(2.7 GPa).Owing to the lack of an interfacial oxidized layer,heat treatment led to the successful diff usion of Mg and Al atoms,which increased the hardness to 4.4 *** Ac_(2)O pretreatment of Mg alloys enables the successful Al electroplating and subsequent heat treatment.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Surface modifi cation Electrodeposition Hardness Corrosion resistance

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Diporphyrin tweezer for multichannel spectroscopic analysis of enantiomeric excess

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 28-40页

作者： Daniel T.Payne Mandeep kChahal Vaclav Brezina Whitney A.Webre katsuhiko Ariga Francis D’Souza Jan Labuta Jonathan P.Hill WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials ScienceIbaraki 305-0044Japan Department of Macromolecular Physics Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University18000 PragueCzech Republic Department of Chemistry University of North TexasDentonTX 76203USA Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoChiba 277-8561Japan

Chiral 1,1’-binaphthyl-linked diporphyrin‘tweezers’(R)-1/(S)-1 and the corresponding zinc(II)complexes(R)-2/(S)-2 were prepared as chiral host molecules,and their utility for chiral analyses(especially enantiomeric excess(ee)determinations)were ***(1-n-dodecyl)porphyrins were used for the first time as the interacting *** capabilities of the diporphyrin tweezers were investigated by titrations with(R,R)-and(S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine(CHDA).The host molecules could be used as multichannel probes of ee by using UVvis,circular dichroism(CD),fluorescence emission and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1 H-NMR)*** configurations could also be differentiated using CD or 1HNMR *** three optical techniques give good resolution of ee with reasonable sensitivity considering the low concentrations used(ca.10^-6 mol·L^-1).The ee determination of CHDA enantiomers using NMR spectroscopy is also possible because of the reasonably well separated resonances in the case of(R,R)-and(S,S)-***-metallated(R)-1/(S)-1 hosts could not be used to detect chiral information in a strongly acidic chiral *** work demonstrates the utility of 1,1’-binapthyllinked chiral hosts for chiral analysis of ditopically interacting enantiomers.

关键词： porphyrin dimer chirality enantiomeric excess CD fluorescence

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What Defines a Crystal Structure? Effects of Chalcogen Atoms in 3,7-Bis(methylchalcogeno)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dichalcogenophene-Based Organic Semiconductors

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第21期40卷 2546-2558页

作者： kazuo Takimiya kirill Bulgarevich kamon Sahara kiseki kanazawa Hiroyuki Takenaka kohsuke kawabata Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceTohoku University6-3AobaAramakiAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8578Japan RIkEN Center for Emergent MatterScience(CEMS) 2-1HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University(WPl-A/MR)2-1-1KatahiraAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8577Japan

To understand the effects of chalcogen atoms on the crystal structure of the series of 3,7-bis(methylchalcogeno)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dichalcogenophene-based organic semiconductors,three benzodifuran derivatives(1—3)and dimethoxy derivatives of benzodithiophene and benzodiselenophene(4 and 7)were newly synthesized to complete the“3×3 matrix”of the oxygen-,sulfur-,and selenium-derivatives(1—9).The crystal structures of 1—9 were classified into four classes,sandwich pitchedπ-stack(1),dimeric(2 and 3),pitchedπ-stack(4,5,7,8,9),and brickwork structure(6 and 9).The causes for the different crystal structures depending on the chalcogen atoms were investigated by the theoretical calculations,indicating that the chalcogen atoms in the core and substituents primarily affected the packing *** the crystal growth in the vapor phase afforded different polymorphs,the relationship between the crystal structure and the carrier transport property was carefully investigated.

关键词： Organic semiconductor Crystal structure Mobility Intermolecular interaction Chalcogen atom

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In-situ observation of twinning and detwinning in AZ31 alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第12期10卷 3418-3432页

作者： Wu Gong Ruixiao Zheng Stefanus Harjo Takuro kawasaki kazuya Aizawa Nobuhiro Tsuji J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency2-4 Shirane ShirakataTokaiNakaIbaraki 319-1195Japan Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials Kyoto UniversityYoshidahonmachiSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachiSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Twinning and detwinning behavior of a commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy during cyclic compression–tension deformation with a total strain amplitude of 4%(±2%) was evaluated using the complementary techniques of in-situ neutron diffraction, identical area electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. In-situ neutron diffraction demonstrates that the compressive deformation was dominated by twin nucleation, twin growth, and basal slip, while detwinning dominated the unloading of compressive stresses and subsequent tension stage. With increasing number of cycles from one to eight: the volume fraction of twins at-2% strain gradually increased from 26.3% to 43.5%;the residual twins were present after 2% tension stage and their volume fraction increased from zero to 3.7% as well as a significant increase in their number;and the twinning spread from coarse grains to fine grains involving more grains for twinning. The increase in volume fraction and number of residual twins led to a transition from twin nucleation to twin growth, resulting in a decrease in yield strength of compression deformation with increasing cycles. A large number of-component dislocations observed in twins and the detwinned regions were attributed to the dislocation transmutation during the twinning and detwinning. The accumulation of barriers including twin boundaries and various types of dislocations enhanced the interactions of migrating twin boundary with these barriers during twinning and detwinning, which is considered to be the origin for increasing the work hardening rate in cyclic deformation of the AZ31 alloy.

关键词： Magnesium Neutron diffraction Twinning Detwinning Dislocation transmutation

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Static and dynamic evaluations of acoustic positioning system using TDMA and FDMA for robots operating in a greenhouse

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第5期15卷 28-33页

作者： Lok Wai Jacky Tsay Tomoo Shiigi Xunyue Zhao Zichen Huang keiichiro Shiraga Tetsuhito Suzuki Yuichi Ogawa Naoshi kondo Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering Division of Environmental Science and TechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8502Japan Department of Ocean Mechanical Engineering National Fisheries UniversityShimonoseki 759-6595Japan

Acoustic positioning system has great potential to be applied in a greenhouse due to its centimeter-level accuracy,low cost,and ability of extensive greenhouse *** Spectrum Sound-based local positioning system(SSSLPS)was proposed to be a navigation tool for multiple agricultural robots by the authors'research ***,to increase the system capacity for positioning multiple robots in a greenhouse,the near-far problem caused by the interference between speakers needs to be *** use of different access methods,Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)or Frequency Division Multiple Access(FDMA),is essential in the SSSLPS system for solving the near-far *** static positioning in a greenhouse was first evaluated by setting different parameters to determine the optimal signal setting for a dynamic *** that,the moving robot tests were added with a motion capture system and tested the performance of TDMA and *** results demonstrated that TDMA can be used in a stationary sound-based positioning system with 12.2 mm accuracy,but it has a time delay problem in dynamic positioning.A simulation was designed to mimic the position error increases with different moving *** FDMA has the sound damping problem in high-frequency regions creating a peak detection issue,it achieved a higher accuracy with an average position error of 62.1 mm compared to 180.3 mm of *** study shows that the TDMA method is suitable for static measurements,while the FDMA method is suitable for measuring dynamic objects and controlling mobile robots.

关键词： greenhouse robots positioning system near-far problem TDMA FDMA

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Single-bit full adder and logic gate based on synthetic antiferromagnetic bilayer skyrmions

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Rare Metals 2022年第7期41卷 2249-2258页

作者： kai Yu Mak Jing Xia Xi-Chao Zhang Li Li Mouad Fattouhi Motohiko Ezawa Xiao-Xi Liu Yan Zhou School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518172China College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shinshu UniversityNagano 380-8553Japan Department of Applied Physics University of SalamancaSalamanca 37008Spain Department of Applied Physics University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

Skyrmion-based devices are promising candi-dates for non-volatile memory and low-delay time *** skyrmion-based devices execute operation by controlling skyrmion trajectory,which can be impeded by the skyrmion Hall ***,the design of skyrmion-based arithmetic devices built on synthetic antiferromag-netic(SyAF)structures is presented,where the structure can greatly suppress skyrmion Hall *** this study,the operations of skyrmion-based half adder,full adder,and XOR logic gate are executed by introducing geometric notches and tilted edges,which can annihilate or diverge *** of these skyrmion-based devices is evaluated,where the delay time and energy-delay product of the single-bit full adder are 1.95 ns and 2.50×10^(-22)Js,which are only 12%and 79%those of the previously proposed skyrmion-based single-bit full *** improvement is significant in the construction of ripple-carry adder and ripple-carry ***,our skyrmion-based SyAF arithmetic device is a promising candidate to develop high-speed spintronic devices.

关键词： Skyrmion Full adder Synthetic antiferromagnet Lowdelaytime electronics Micromagnets

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