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Observation and verification of surface electrical explosion driven by radial-distributed pulsed current in laboratory lightning strike test

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 137-149页

作者： Ruoyu Han Yuchen Cao Yakun Liu Xi Chen Ting Li Chen Li Pengfei Li State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina Beijing Institute of Astronautical System Engineering BeijingChina Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology BeijingChina

The laboratory lightning test is essential for assessing the effectiveness of lightning strike protection(LSP).Particularly,direct lightning strike damage can be performed with pulsed current injection into the specimen.This paper focuses on the dynamic process of arc plasma and shock wave behaviour in the vicinity of the‘strike’point.A rod-plate discharge load is built for testing aluminium and coated plate under 40-kA-level pulsed current.The visualisation of the luminous discharge plasma and its flow field via high-speed photography(from different angles)is meticulously designed and implemented,synchronised with electro-physical diagnostics.The results indicate some new mechanisms for lightning strike damage,apart from the impulse heat loading from the thermal arc.The transient current injection through the arc root concentrates on a thin skin layer(skin-depth effect),with the radial-attenuated current density,driving asynchronously electrical explosions on the plate surface.The inhomogeneous Joule heating of the plate leads to outwardly propagating phase transition and shock wave along the conductive surface.In addition,the electro-thermal instability is observed and regarded as the seed of irregular erosion region.Spectroscopic information reveals two different plasma states of main discharge arc channel and adjacent surface electrical explosion.The correspondence of the physical mechanism of electrical explosion and optical radiation is established.Microscopic images for different regions depict erosion characteristics and summarise influencing factors,further confirming the mechanism above.The research clarifies the role of skin-depth effect in transaction arc erosion for electrode,complements the electrical explosion theory with unevenly distributed current and helps optimise strategies of LSP.

关键词： electrical lightning radial

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Distinct neuronal excitability alterations of medial prefrontal cortex in early-life neglect model of rats

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第3期5卷 274-280页

作者： Yu Zhang Xiuping Sun Changsong Dou Xianglei Li Ling Zhang Chuan Qin NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College(PUMC)BeijingChina National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center BeijingChina Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases BeijingChina International Center for Technology and Innovation of animal model BeijingChina Changping National laboratory(CPNL) BeijingChina

Object:Early-life neglect has irreversible emotional effects on the central nervous system.In this work,we aimed to elucidate distinct functional neural changes in me-dial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of model rats.Methods:Maternal separation with early weaning was used as a rat model of early-life neglect.The excitation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in rat mPFC was recorded and analyzed by whole-cell patch clamp.Results:Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of mPFC were distinguished by typi-cal electrophysiological properties.The excitation of mPFC glutamatergic neurons was significantly increased in male groups,while the excitation of mPFC GABAergic neurons was significant in both female and male groups,but mainly in terms of rest membrane potential and amplitude,respectively.Conclusions:Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in medial prefrontal cortex showed different excitability changes in a rat model of early-life neglect,which can contribute to distinct mechanisms for emotional and cognitive manifestations.

关键词： early-life neglect model GABAergic glutamatergic maternal separation with early weaning medial prefrontal cortex neuronal excitability

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Layered manganese phosphorus trisulfides for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and the storage mechanism

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Carbon Energy 2023年第3期5卷 160-169,170,171页

作者： Hailin Shen Yueling Cai Zhongtao Ma Peng Wang Bingkun Guo Jipeng Cheng Qianqian Li Hongtao Wang Zhongyuan Liu Anmin Nie Jinsong Wu Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering School of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and MechanicsShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Center for X‐mechanics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Center for High Pressure ScienceYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhanChina Nanostructure Research Center Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhanChina

Although advanced anode materials for the lithium-ion battery have been investigated for decades,a reliable,high-capacity,and durable material that can enable a fast charge remains elusive.Herein,we report that a metal phosphorous trichalcogenide of MnPS_(3)(manganese phosphorus trisulfide),endowed with a unique and layered van der Waals structure,is highly beneficial for the fast insertion/extraction of alkali metal ions and can facilitate changes in the buffer volume during cycles with robust structural stability.The few-layered MnPS_(3)anodes displayed the desirable specific capacity and excellent rate chargeability owing to their good electronic and ionic conductivities.When assembled as a half-cell lithium-ion battery,a high reversible capacity of 380 mA h g^(−1)was maintained by the MnPS_(3)after 3000 cycles at a high current density of 4 A g^(−1),with a capacity retention of close to or above 100%.In full-cell testing,a reversible capacity of 450 mA h g^(−1)after 200 cycles was maintained as well.The results of in-situ TEM revealed that MnPS_(3)nanoflakes maintained a high structural integrity without exhibiting any pulverization after undergoing large volumetric expansion for the insertion of a large number of lithium ions.Their kinetics of lithium-ion diffusion,stable structure,and high pseudocapacitance contributed to their comprehensive performance,for example,a high specific capacity,rapid charge-discharge,and long cyclability.MnPS_(3)is thus an efficient anode for the next generation of batteries with a fast charge/discharge capability.

关键词： cyclic stability in‐situ TEM MnPS3 pseudocapacitance rate performance

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Characteristics of animal models for COVID-19

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第5期5卷 401-409页

作者： Feifei Qi Chuan Qin Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineInstitute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model BeijingChina

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the most consequential pandemic of this century,threatening human health and public safety.SARS-CoV-2 has been continuously evolving through mutation of its genome and variants of concern have emerged.The World Health Organization R&D Blueprint plan convened a range of expert groups to develop animal models for COVID-19,a core requirement for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.The animal model construction techniques developed during the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV pandemics were rapidly deployed and applied in the establishment of COVID-19 animal models.To date,a large number of animal models for COVID-19,including mice,hamsters,minks and nonhuman primates,have been established.Infectious diseases produce unique mani-festations according to the characteristics of the pathogen and modes of infection.Here we classified animal model resources around the infection route of SARS-CoV-2,and summarized the characteristics of the animal models constructed via transnasal,localized,and simulated transmission routes of infection.

关键词： animal model characteristics establishment SARS-CoV-2

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Germanium-based monoelemental and binary two-dimensional materials:Theoretical and experimental investigations and promising applications

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InfoMat 2022年第11期4卷 1-82页

作者： Fulai Zhao Yiyu Feng Wei Feng School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin UniversityTianjinPeople's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology Ministry of EducationTianjinPeople's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering TianjinPeoples Republic of China

Two-dimensional(2D)materials based on group IVA elements have attracted extensive attention owing to their rich chemical structures and novel proper-ties.This comprehensive review focuses on the phases of Ge monoelemental and binary 2D materials including germanene and its derivatives,Ge-IVA binary compounds,Ge-VA binary compounds,and Ge-VIA binary compounds.The latest progress in predictive modeling,fabrication,and fundamental and physical property modulation of their stable 2D configurations are presented.Accordingly,various interesting applications of these Ge-based 2D materials are discussed,particularly field effect transistors,photodetectors,optical devices,catalysts,energy storage devices,solar cells,thermoelectric devices,sensors,biomedical materials,and spintronic devices.Finally,this review con-cludes with a few perspectives and an outlook for quickly expanding the appli-cation scope Ge-based 2D materials based on recent developments.

关键词： 2D materials binarycompounds electronicproperties germanene groupIVAelements

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Selective laser melted AZ91D magnesium alloy with superior balance of strength and ductility

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第12期11卷 4644-4658页

作者： Xinzhi Li Xuewei Fang Shuaipeng Wang Siqing Wang Min Zha Ke Huang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049ShaanxiPR China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchunPR China

In the context of global carbon neutrality, the application of lightweight magnesium alloys is becoming increasingly attractive. In this study, selective laser melting(SLM) was employed to achieve nearly full dense and crack-free AZ91D components with fine equiaxed grain structure. The formation mechanism of typical pore defects(gas pore, lack-of-fusion pore and keyhole pore) and melting modes(keyhole mode and conduction mode) were systematically studied by varying the laser power and scanning speed. The morphology and volume fraction of the pores under different processing conditions were characterized. A criterion based on the depth-to-width ratio of the melt pool was established to identify different melting modes. The strength and ductility(tensile strength up to 340 MPa and uniform elongation of 8.9%)of the as deposited AZ91D are far superior to those of the casting components and are comparable to those of its wrought counterparts.The superior balance of strength and ductility of SLMed AZ91D, as well as the negligible anisotropic properties are mainly ascribed to the extremely fine equiaxed grain structure(with average grain size of ~1.2 μm), as well as the discontinuous distribution of β-Al_(12)Mg_(17) phases. It thus provides an alternative way to fabricate high-strength magnesium alloys with complex geometry.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Selective laser melting Melting mode Defects Equiaxed grain structure Mechanical properties

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Flexible and elastic thermal regulator for multimode intelligent temperature control

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SusMat 2023年第6期3卷 843-858页

作者： Can Chen Huitao Yu Tao Lai Jun Guo Mengmeng Qin Zhiguo Qu Yiyu Feng Wei Feng Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjinP.R.China MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anP.R.China

As nonlinear thermal devices,thermal regulators can intelligently respond to temperature and control heat flow through changes in heat transfer capacities,which allows them to reduce energy consumption without external intervention.However,current thermal regulators generally based on high-quality crystallinestructure transitions are intrinsically rigid,which may cause structural damage and functional failure under mechanical strain;moreover,they are difficult to integrate into emerging soft electronic platforms.In this study,we develop a flexible,elastic thermal regulator based on the reversible thermally induced deformation of a liquid crystal elastomer/liquid metal(LCE/LM)composite foam.By adjusting the crosslinking densities,the LCE foam exhibits a high actuation strain of 121%with flexibility below the nematic–isotropic phase transition temperature(TNI)and hyperelasticity above TNI.The incorporation of LMresults in a high thermal resistance switching ratio of 3.8 over a wide working temperature window of 60◦C with good cycling stability.This feature originates from the synergistic effect of fragmentation and recombination of the internal LM network and lengthening and shortening of the bond line thickness.Furthermore,we fabricate a“grid window”utilizing photic-thermal integrated thermal control,achieving a superior heat supply of 13.7℃ at a light intensity of 180mW/cm^(2)and a thermal protection of 43.4℃at 1200 mW/cm^(2).The proposed method meets the mechanical softness requirements of thermal regulatormaterials with multimode intelligent temperature control.

关键词： intelligent temperature control liquid crystal elastomer liquid metal thermal regulator thermomechanical coupling

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Oxygen vacancies and N-doping in organic–inorganic pre-intercalated vanadium oxide for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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InfoMat 2022年第11期4卷 106-118页

作者： Feng Zhang Min Du Zhenyu Miao Houzhen Li Wentao Dong Yuanhua Sang Hechun Jiang Wenzhi Li Hong Liu Shuhua Wang State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong UniversityJinanPeople's Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Liaocheng UniversityLiaochengPeople's Republic of China Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research(iAIR) University of JinanJinanPeople's Republic of China

Pre-intercalation of metal ions into vanadium oxide is an effective strategy for optimizing the performance of rechargeable zinc-ion battery(ZIB)cathodes.However,the battery long-lifespan achievement and high-capacity retention remain a challenge.Increasing the electronic conductivity while simultaneously prompting the cathode diffusion kinetics can improve ZIB electrochemical performance.Herein,N-doped vanadium oxide(N-(Zn,en)VO)via defect engineering is reported as cathode for aqueous ZIBs.Positron annihilation and electron paramagnetic resonance clearly indicate oxygen vacancies in the material.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that N-doping and oxygen vacancies concurrently increase the electronic conductivity and accelerate the diffusion kinetics of zinc ions.Moreover,the presence of oxygen vacancies substantially increases the storage sites of zinc ions.Therefore,N-(Zn,en)VO exhibits excellent electrochemical performance,including a peak capacity of 420.5 mA h g^(-1)at 0.05 A g^(-1),a high power density of more than 10000 W kg^(-1)at 65.3 Wh kg^(-1),and a long cycle life at 5 A g^(-1)(4500 cycles without capacity decay).The methodology adopted in our study can be applied to other cathodic materials to improve their performance and extend their practical applications.

关键词： aqueous zinc ion batteries cathode nitrogen doping organic–inorganic pre-intercalation oxygen vacancy

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Multi-layered roles of BBX proteins in plant growth and development

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Stress Biology 2023年第1期3卷 1-19页

作者： Jing Cao Jiale Yuan Yingli Zhang Chen Chen Beihong Zhang Xianming Shi Rui Niu Fang Lin Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Light and phytohormone are external and internal cues that regulate plant growth and development throughout their life cycle.BBXs(B-box domain proteins)are a group of zinc finger proteins that not only directly govern the transcription of target genes but also associate with other factors to create a meticulous regulatory network to precisely regulate numerous aspects of growth and developmental processes in plants.Recent studies demonstrate that BBXs play pivotal roles in light-controlled plant growth and development.Besides,BBXs have been documented to regulate phytohormone-mediated physiological procedures.In this review,we summarize and highlight the multi-faced role of BBXs,with a focus in photomorphogenesis,photoperiodic flowering,shade avoidance,abiotic stress,and phytohormone-mediated growth and development in plant.

关键词： Light BBX Photomorphogenesis Phytohormone

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Microarray microRNA profiling of urinary exosomes in a 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第3期4卷 233-242页

作者： Zhiqi Song Yajin Qu Yanfeng Xu Ling Zhang Li Zhou Yunlin Han Wenjie Zhao Pin Yu Yu Zhang Xianglei Li Chuan Qin Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Chinese Ministry of HealthBeijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

Background:Alzheimer's disease(AD)is an incurable and irreversible neurodegen-erative disease,without a clear pathogenesis.Therefore,identification of candidates before amyloid-βplaque(Aβ)deposition proceeds is of major significance for earlier intervention in AD.Methods:To explore the potential noninvasive earlier biomarkers of AD in a 5XFAD mouse model,microRNAs(miRNAs)from urinary exosomes in 1-month-old pre-Aβaccumulation 5XFAD mice models and their littermate controls were profiled by mi-croarray analysis.The differentially expressed miRNAs were further analyzed via droplet digital PCR(ddPCR).Results:Microarray analysis demonstrated that 48 differentially expressed miRNAs(18 upregulated and 30 downregulated),of which six miRNAs-miR-196b-5p,miR-339-3p,miR-34a-5p,miR-376b-3p,miR-677-5p,and miR-721-were predicted to display gene targets and important signaling pathways closely associated with AD pathogenesis and verified by ddPCR.Conclusions:Urinary exosomal miRNAs showing differences in expression prior to Aβ-plaque deposition were identified.These exosomal miRNAs represent potential noninvasive biomarkers that may be used to prevent AD in clinical applications.

关键词： 5XFAD mouse model Alzheimer's disease biomarkers microarray miRNA urinary exosome

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