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Influence of biomass burning on ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico during the COVID-19 lockdown

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 99-115页

作者： Victor Almanza Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suárez Ricardo Torres-Jardón Agustín García-Reynoso Iván Y.Hernández-Paniagua Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change National Autonomous University of MexicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico CityMexico

The massive reductions in anthropogenic emissions resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of mitigation measures aiming to abate air pollution.In Mexico,the total lockdown period took place during the dry-hot season when biomass burning activity is enhanced.Here,we investigate the role of biomass burning emissions on regional ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico.The studied period covers the lockdown phases 2 and 3,and the first month of the New Normal.We applied a factor separation technique and process analysis to estimate the pure and synergistic contributions of emission reductions under lockdown and that from biomass burning to daily ozone maximum concentrations in 7 metropolitan areas of different states in the Megalopolis.The results revealed that biomass burning plumes likely masked the effect of massive reductions from mobile emissions,impacted the PBL development during phase 3 and favored transition and mixed NO_(x)-limited and VOC-limited regional regimes.This contributed to increased ozone production in the middle to lower PBL by changing the regional background levels which potentially could bias high ozone production efficiency estimations.Given the Megalopolis contribution to economic and societal development at national scale,our study suggests that ozone mitigation measures during the dry-hot season targeting mainly mobile emissions will likely be offset by biomass burning plumes.A regional and synergic policy aiming to control biomass burning would help to reduce the occurrence of high ozone levels in Central Mexico with the co-benefit of tackling short-lived climate pollutants.

关键词： COVID-19 Mexico Megalopolis Ozone Factor Separation Process Analysis

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The impact of maternal immune activation on the morphology and electrophysiological properties of postnatally-born neurons in the offspring

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 399-400页

作者： Emilio J.Galván Angelica Zepeda Departamento de Farmacobiología CINVESTAV Unidad Sur CdMxMéxico、Centro de Investigaciones sobre el EnvejecimientoCIE-CinvestavCdMxMéxico Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUNAMCdMxMéxico

Pregnancy comes with a combination of physical changes and physiological immunosuppression that increases the susceptibility of women to pathogens and in turn,rises the prevalence of infectious diseases.

关键词： prevalence activation impact

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High CO_(2)permeation using a new Ce_(0.85)Gd_(0.15)O_(2-δ)-LaNiO_(3)composite ceramic–carbonate dual-phase membrane

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 219-229页

作者： Daniela González-Varela JFrancisco Gómez-García Gustavo Tavizon Heriberto Pfeiffer Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCd.UniversitariaDel.CoyoacánCP 04510Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Física y Química Teórica Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCd.UniversitariaDel.CoyoacánCP 04510Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico 不详

This work shows the synthesis,characterization and evaluation of dense-ceramic membranes made of Ce_(0.85)Gd_(0.15)O_(2-δ)-LaNiO_(3)(CG-LN)composites,where the fluorite-perovskite ratio(CG:LN)was varied as follows:75:25,80:20 and 85:15 wt.%.Supports were initially characterized by XRD,SEM and electrical conductivity(using vacuum and oxygen atmospheres),to determine the composition,microstructural and ionic-electronic conductivity properties.Later,supports were infiltrated with an eutectic carbonates mixture,producing the corresponding dense dual-phase membranes,in which CO_(2)permeation tests were conducted.Here,CO_(2)permeation experiments were performed from 900 to 700℃,in the presence and absence of oxygen(flowed in the sweep membrane side).Results showed that these composites possess high CO_(2)permeation properties,where the O_(2)addition significantly improves the ionic conduction on the sweep membrane side.Specifically,the GC80-LN20 composition presented the best results due to the following physicochemical characteristics:high electronic and ionic conductivity,appropriate porosity,interconnected porous channels,as well as thermal and chemical stabilities between the composite support and carbonate phases.

关键词： CO_(2)permeation Doped CeO_(2) LaNiO_(3) Impedance Ceramic carbonate membrane

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Clinicopathological alterations in wild mammals from the reservoir system of Trypanosoma cruzi:a scoping review

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 48-58页

作者： Ricardo Sanchez Pérez JoséManuel Aranda-Coello JoséAntonio De Fuentes Vicente Oscar Rico Chavez Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan Universidad Nacional Autonoma deMexicoCuautitlan lzcalliEstadodeMexicoMexico El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Campeche CampecheCampecheMexico Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas-Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Tuxtla GutierrezChiapasMexico Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Universidad Nacional Autonoma deMexico Ciudad deMexicoMexico

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease.This flagellated protozoan is transmitted to humans as well as different species of domestic and wild animals via vectors from the Reduviidae family(known as"kissing bugs").Despite the fact that hundreds of species of wild mammals are part of the reservoir system,the morphologi-cal changes and clinical manifestations resulting from the pathogenesis of the infection have been largely neglected.The aim of this review is to systematically compile the available information regarding clinicopathological altera-tions in wild mammals due to natural infection by T.cruzi.Information was obtained from six online bibliographic data search platforms,resulting in the identification of 29 publications that met the inclusion criteria.Mortality was the most common clinical manifestation,cardiac damage was the main finding at necropsy,and lymphoplas-macytic inflammation was the most frequent microscopic injury.Thus,regardless of its role as a reservoir,T.cruzi has the potential to affect the health status of wild mammals,a situation that highlights the need for further research to analyze,measure,and compare its effects at both the individual and population levels.

关键词： Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas disease American trypanosomiasis Clinicopathological alterations Natural infection Wild mammals

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Highly divergent sympatric lineages of Leptotila verreauxi(Aves:Columbidae)suggest a secondary contact area in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec,Mexico

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 12-21页

作者： Orlando J.Espinosa-Chávez Adolfo G.Navarro-Sigüenza Hernando Rodríguez-Correa Luis A.Sánchez-González Museo de Zoología“Alfonso L.Herrera” Depto.de Biología EvolutivaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApdo.Postal 70-399CP 04510Ciudad de MexicoMexico Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Unidad de PosgradoEdificio D1◦PisoCircuito de PosgradosCiudad UniversitariaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCoyoacanCP 04510CDMXMexico Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro No.8701 Col.Ex Hacienda de San Jose de la HuertaC.P.58190MoreliaMichoacanMexico

Due to a complex geological and biotic history,the Isthmus of Tehuantepec(IT),has been long recognized as a driver for the evolutionary divergence of numerous lowland and highland taxa.Widely distributed in the lowlands of the American continent,the White-Tipped Dove(Leptotila verreauxi)is a polytypic species with 13 recognized subspecies.Four of these have been recorded in Mexico,and the distribution of three abuts at the IT,suggesting a contact zone.To estimate phylogenetic patterns,divergence times and genetic differentiation,we examined two mt DNA(ND2 and COI)and one n DNA(β-fibint 7)markers.We also used correlative ecological niche models(ENM)to assess whether ecological differences across the IT may have acted as a biogeographical boundary.We estimated paleodistributions during the Middle Holocene,Last Glacial Maximum and Last Interglacial,to evaluate the influence of climate changes on the distribution and demographic changes.Our results showed genetically distinct lineages that diverged approximately 2.5 million years ago.Climatic and ecological factors may have played a dual role in promoting differentiation,but also in the formation of a secondary contact zone in the southern IT.Our ecological niche comparisons indicated that the ecological niche of sympatric lineages at the IT are not identical,suggesting niches divergence;in addition,environmental niche models across the region indicated no abrupt biogeographic barriers,but the presence of regions with low suitability.These results suggest that genetic differentiation originated by a vicariant event probably related to environmental factors,favored the evolution of different ecological niches.Also,the absence of a biogeographic barrier but the presence of less suitable areas in the contact regions,suggest that secondary contact zones may be also maintained by climatic factors for the eastern group,but also by biotic interactions for the western group.

关键词： Biogeographical boundary Humid and dry forests Isthmus of Tehuantepec Phylogeography Secondary contact

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Provenance and depositional setting of the Late MiocenePleistocene clastic sediments in the eastern Arabian Peninsula and western Iraq using rare earth elements geochemistry

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 399-410页

作者： Salih M.Awadh Zinah S.Al-Ankaz Mohanad R.A.Al-Owaidi John S.Armstrong-Altrin Department of Geology College of ScienceUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq Department of Geology College of ScienceUniversity of WasitWasit 52011Iraq Department of Applied Geology College of ScienceUniversity of BabylonBabylon 51001Iraq Unidad de Procesos Oceanicos y Costeros Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad Universitaria04510 Mexico CityCDMXMexico Department of Marine Sciences Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirapalliTamil Nadu 620024India

The sandstones of the Late miocene–Pliocene Dibdibba Formation in the Najaf–Karbala Plateau and Basra were examined to determine their source rocks and origin. The rare earth elements(REE) and trace elements(Sc, Co, V, and Th) concentrations in these sandstones revealed that they likely derived from a single source. The steep light rare earth elements(LREE) and flat, heavy rare earth element(HREE) patterns, negative Eu anomaly, and high ΣREE contents in sandstones suggest its derivation from a suggests that a passive continental margin environment and originated from felsic source rocks. The average concentration of ΣREE is 93.5 ppm, which is lower than that of the average crustal compositions like Upper Continental Crust and Post Archean Australian Shale. The higher proportion of LREE compared to HREE implies that these sandstones were recycled and derived from a distal source. The Th/Co, Th/Sc, La/Sc, La/Co, Eu/Eu*and(La/Lu)cn elemental ratios indicated that these Late Miocene–Pliocene sandstones were derived from felsic rocks located in the marginal region of the Arabian Shield.

关键词： REE Dibdibba formation Clastic sediments Passive continental margin

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DNA metabarcoding reveals seasonal changes in diet composition across four arthropod-eating lizard species(Phrynosomatidae:Sceloporus)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 480-495页

作者： Mauricio HERNÁNDEZ Stephanie HEREIRA-PACHECO Antton ALBERDI Aníbal H.DÍAZ DE LA VEGA-PÉREZ Arturo ESTRADA-TORRES Sergio ANCONA Yendi E.NAVARRO-NOYA Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Estación Científica La Malinche Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics The Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcalaMexico

Diet composition and its ecological drivers are rarely investigated in coexisting closely related species.We used a molecular approach to characterize the seasonal variation in diet composition in four spiny lizard species inhabiting a mountainous ecosystem.DNA metabarcoding revealed that the lizards Sceloporus aeneus,S.bicanthalis,S.grammicus,and S.spinosus mostly consumed arthropods of the orders Hemiptera,Araneae,Hymenoptera,and Coleoptera.The terrestrial lizards S.aeneus and S.bicanthalis mostly predated ants and spiders,whereas the arboreal–saxicolous S.grammicus and saxicolous S.spinosus largely consumed grasshoppers and leafhoppers.The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the prey was higher during the dry season than the rainy season,likely because reduced prey availability in the dry season forced lizards to diversify their diets to meet their nutritional demands.Dietary and phylogenetic composition varied seasonally depending on the species,but only dietary composition varied with altitude.Seasonal dietary turnover was greater in S.spinosus than in S.bicanthalis,suggesting site-specific seasonal variability in prey availability;no other differences among species were observed.S.bicanthalis,which lives at the highest altitude in our study site,displayed interseasonal variation in diet breadth.Dietary differences were correlated with the species’feeding strategies and elevational distribution,which likely contributed to the coexistence of these lizard species in the studied geographic area and beyond.

关键词： arthropod-eating lizards diet breadth environmental barcoding mountainous ecosystem seasonal dietary shifts

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Slope Instability on Pyroclastic Deposits: Landslide Distribution and Risk Mapping in Zacapoaxtla, Sierra Norte De Puebla, Mexico

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第1期3卷 1-19页

作者： Borja-Baeza R.C. Esteban-Chávez O Marcos-López J. Pea-Garnica R.J. Alcántara-Ayala I. Institute of Geography unam Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F. Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F.Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F.Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F.Institute of Geography UNAM Circuito Exterior C.U. Coyoacan 04510 Mexico D.F.

In October 1999, rainfall induced landslides devastated different communities of the Sierra Norte, Puebla, causing more than 250 victims and economic losses greater than $ 450 million. The town of Zacapoaxtla was one of the sectors most affected by slope instability due to the existing geological features and geomorphic characters determined by material properties, landforms and processes. Extensive areas formed by pyroclastic piedmonts developed on the Quaternary volcanic ignimbrite deposits highly dissected by marginal gully erosion combined with an extreme rainfall event played a significant role as an ideal scenario for the occurrence of landsliding. Distribution of landslides triggered by rainfall within the main sector of the Zacapoaxtla municipality was analyzed by using IKONOS images in terms of exploring the likely relationship between mass movement incidence and levels of vegetation density. The later was undertaken by means of producing an NDVI and applying a fragmentation algorithm. Finally, a map of potential areas of mass movements risk was produced based on the combination of a socio-economic vulnerability index, geologic and geomorphological maps and the spatial landslide distribution.

关键词： Rainfall landslides IKONOS vegetation density risk Mexico

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Thinking outside the black box:are the brain endothelial cells the new main target in Alzheimer's disease?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2592-2598页

作者： Enrique Estudillo Adolfo López-Ornelas Alejandro Rodríguez-Oviedo Neptali Gutiérrez de la Cruz Marco Antonio Vargas-Hernández Adriana Jiménez Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco SuárezMexico CityMexico División de Investigación Hospital Juárez de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Hospital Nacional Homeopático Hospitales Federales de ReferenciaMexico CityMexico Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Morfología Escuela Militar de Graduados de SanidadSecretaría de la Defensa NacionalBatalla de CelayaLomas de SoteloMiguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalBatalla de CelayaLomas de SoteloMiguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico

The blood-brain barrier is the interface through which the brain interacts with the milieu and consists mainly of a sophisticated network of brain endothelial cells that forms blood vessels and selectively moves molecules inside and outside the brain through multiple mechanisms of transport.Although brain endothelial cell function is crucial for brain homeostasis,their role in neurodegenerative diseases has historically not been considered with the same importance as other brain cells such as microglia,astroglia,neurons,or even molecules such as amyloid beta,Tau,or alpha-synuclein.Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease,and brain endothelial cell dysfunction has been reported by several groups.However,its impairment has barely been considered as a potential therapeutic target.Here we review the most recent advances in the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and brain endothelial cells commitment and analyze the possible mechanisms through which their alterations contribute to this neurodegenerative disease,highlighting their inflammatory phenotype and the possibility of an impaired secretory pattern of brain endothelial cells that could contribute to the progression of this ailment.Finally,we discuss why shall brain endothelial cells be appreciated as a therapeutic target instead of solely an obstacle for delivering treatments to the injured brain in Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： dementia endothelial cells neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuronal death paracellular transport transcellular transport

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Conifer establishment after the eruption of the Paricutin volcano in central Mexico

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第1期9卷 71-82页

作者： Jesús Eduardo Sáenz-Ceja Blanca Lizeth Sáenz-Ceja J.Trinidad Sáenz-Reyes Diego Rafael Pérez-Salicrup Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autéonoma de MéxicoAntigua Carretera a Patzcuaro 8701 Col.Ex hacienda San Joséde la Huerta58190MoreliaMexico Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAntigua Carretera a Patzcuaro 8701 Col.Ex hacienda San Joséde la Huerta58190MoreliaMexico Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y PecuariasCampo Experimental UruapanAv.Latinoamericana 1101Col.Revolución60500UruapanMexico

Background:Volcanic eruptions have large effects on forest ecosystems and create new substrates,triggering primary succession processes.The Paricutín volcano,born in central-western Mexico,erupted between 1943 and 1952.After the cessation of the eruptive activity,plant colonization began on the lava flows and tephra deposits,including the conifer species that dominate the surrounding mature forests.This study aims to reconstruct the history of the establishment of conifer trees on the substrates created by the Paricutín eruption.Methods:16 sampling plots were established along three transects with northern,southern,and south-western aspects,located every 250 m from the preserved forest to the volcanic cone.Increment cores from 400 conifer trees were extracted and their age was determined by cross-dating annual tree rings.The order of the species colonization and the tree establishment,abundance,and dominance patterns were characterized.Also,the influence of the distance from the mature forests and the inter-annual climatic conditions on the temporal tree establishment pattern was evaluated.Results:Eight pine and one fir species have been established since 1970,only 18 years after the end of the eruptive period.However,tree establishment increased by 12.9%annually after 1995,with the youngest tree in our sample getting established in 2015.We did not find a well-defined temporal and spatial pattern of species arrival,which suggests that colonization occurred randomly,although the four pine species that were established early became the most abundant and dominant.Tree establishment was not influenced by the distance from the mature forest,and wet inter-annual conditions did not enhance pulses of tree recruitment,exhibiting a continuous tree establishment pattern.Conclusions:Conifer species have shown a great capacity for colonizing volcanic substrates created by the Paricutín eruption,which suggests that tropical montane conifers can regenerate rapidly under high-magnitude disturbances.These findings support the use

关键词： Age structure Dendrochronology Lava flow Primary succession Tropical montane forest

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