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Analysis of Occurrence and Mixed Infection of Sugarcane Bacilliform Virus Disease in Hainan Sugarcane-growing Area

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2024年第3期15卷 8-11,48页

作者： Linbo SHEN Shuzhen ZHANG Tingting SUN Guoru XIONG Meidan HE Wenzhi WANG National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHainan Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Agricultural Bioresources/Sanya Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China Tiangong Residential College Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan *** detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus(SCBV)was carried out by PCR using specific primers.[Results]SCBV was detected in 244 out of 348 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of 70.11%.The highest detection rate was 76.66%in the Danzhou sugarcane-growing area,while the lowest was 57.14%in the Baisha sugarcane-growing *** SCBV-positive samples were subjected to testing for SCYLV,SCSMV,SrMV,and SCMV,*** results indicated that 106 out of 244 positive samples exhibited a single infection with SCBV,while 138 samples exhibited mixed infections with SCBV and other sugarcane *** proportion of mixed infections among the SCBV-positive samples was as high as 56.56%.Among the various types of mixed infections,two-virus and three-virus mixed infections were the most prevalent.[Conclusions]SCBV has emerged as a significant threat to the secure production of sugarcane in the Hainan sugarcane-growing *** presents an explosive infection in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region and frequently combines with other sugarcane viruses to infect *** findings of this study will provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease.

关键词： Sugarcane Sugarcane bacilliform virus disease Detection rate Mixed infection

饲粮中添加腐殖酸钠对鼠伤寒沙门菌感染肉鸡肝组织炎症和抗氧化能力的影响

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畜牧兽医学报 2024年第2期55卷 629-639页

作者：王栋柳可欣何炎峻邓守翔刘云马卫明山东农业大学动物科技学院泰安271000 东北农业大学动物医学学院黑龙江省实验动物与比较医学重点实验室哈尔滨150030

旨在探究饲粮中添加腐殖酸钠(sodium humate,HNa)对鼠伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella Typhimurium,***)感染肉鸡肝组织炎症和抗氧化能力的影响。选取健康的1日龄雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡320只,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡:对照组(CON组... 详细信息

旨在探究饲粮中添加腐殖酸钠(sodium humate,HNa)对鼠伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella Typhimurium,***)感染肉鸡肝组织炎症和抗氧化能力的影响。选取健康的1日龄雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡320只,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡:对照组(CON组,基础饲粮)、模型组(ST组,基础饲粮)、低剂量HNa组(L-HNa组,基础饲粮+0.2 g·kg^(-1) HNa)、中剂量HNa组(M-HNa组,基础饲粮+0.4 g·kg^(-1) HNa)、高剂量HNa组(H-HNa组,基础饲粮+0.6 g·kg^(-1) HNa)。在试验第22~24天,CON组肉鸡每天灌胃1 mL PBS,ST、L-HNa、M-HNa和H-HNa组肉鸡每天灌胃1 mL 3×10^(9) CFU·mL^(-1)的***,试验周期24 d。结果显示:1)与ST组相比,饲粮中添加0.6 g·kg^(-1)的HNa显著提高了肉鸡的平均日增重(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,ST组肉鸡肝组织表现为大量炎性细胞浸润,肝脏指数增加,饲粮中添加不同浓度的HNa均缓解了肝组织的病理学损伤(P<0.05)。3)ST组肉鸡血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性显著高于CON组(P<0.05);相较于ST组,L-HNa、M-HNa和H-HNa组肉鸡血清中AKP、ALT和AST的活性显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与CON组相比,ST组肉鸡肝组织过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);饲粮中添加HNa缓解了***感染对肉鸡肝组织抗氧化功能的损伤(P<0.05)。5)与ST组相比,饲粮中添加不同浓度的HNa显著降低了肉鸡肝组织白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、IL-18、一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白细胞分化抗原68(CD 68)的mRNA表达,显著增加了IL-10、精氨酸酶-1(ARG 1)和CD 163的mRNA表达(P<0.05)。6)与CON组相比,***感染显著提高了肉鸡肝组织核因子κB(NF-κB p65)、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)和半胱天冬蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)的蛋白表达,降低了核因子κB抑制蛋白α(IκBα)的蛋白表达(P<0.05);饲粮中添加HNa抑制了***感染引起的肉鸡肝组织NF-κB和NLRP3信号通路的激活。综上所述,饲粮中添加HNa可以通过降低肝组织炎症反应、提高肝抗氧化功能、抑制肝NF-κB和NLRP3信号通路的激活缓解***感染引起的肉鸡肝损伤。

关键词：腐殖酸钠鼠伤寒沙门菌肝组织炎症抗氧化肉鸡

The key role of myostatin b in somatic growth in fishes derived from distant hybridization

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1441-1454页

作者： Qingfeng Liu Lujiao Duan Bei Li Xuanyi Zhang Fanglei Liu Jianming Yu Yuqin Shu Fangzhou Hu Jingjing Lin Xiaoxia Xiong Shaojun Liu State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

The basic mechanism of heterosis has not been systematically and completely *** previous studies,we obtained three economically important fishes that exhibit rapid growth,WR(WCC♀×RCC♂),WR-Ⅱ(WR♀×WCC♂),and WR-Ⅲ(WR-Ⅱ♀×4nAU♂),through distant ***,the mechanism underlying this rapid growth remains *** this study,we found that WR,WR-Ⅱ,and WR-Ⅲshowed muscle hypertrophy and higher muscle protein and fat contents compared with their parent species(RCC and WCC).Candidate genes responsible for this rapid growth were then obtained through an analysis of 12 muscle ***,the mRNA level of mstnb(myostatin b),which is a negative regulator of myogenesis,was significantly reduced in WR,WR-Ⅱ,and WR-Ⅲcompared with the parent *** verify the function of mstnb,a mstnb-deficient mutant RCC line was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 *** average body weight of mstnb-deficient RCC at 12 months of age was significantly increased by 29.57%compared with that in wild-type ***,the area and number of muscle fibers were significantly increased in mstnb-deficient RCC,indicating hypertrophy and ***,the muscle protein and fat contents were significantly increased in mstnb-deficient *** molecular regulatory mechanism of mstnb was then revealed by transcription profiling,which showed that genes related to myogenesis(myod,myog,and myf5),protein synthesis(PI3K-AKT-mTOR),and lipogenesis(pparγand fabp3)were highly activated in hybrid fishes and mstnb-deficient *** study revealed that low expression or deficiency of mstnb regulates somatic growth by promoting myogenesis,protein synthesis,and lipogenesis in hybrid fishes and mstnb-deficient RCC,which provides evidence for the molecular mechanism of heterosis via distant hybridization.

关键词： distant hybridization heterosis somatic growth myostatin b genome editing

Metabolomic reveals the inhibition mechanism of proline on hexanal production in chicken meat

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Huanxian Cui Yuxi Jin Yanke Wang Xiaoya Yuan Li Liu Jie Wen Guiping Zhao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition， Institute of Animal Science， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Hexanal contributes significantly to meat flavor. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic pathways of hexanal formation in chicken meat. We found 32 metabolites associated with hexanal content in chicken meat， mainly including fatty acids (linoleic acid， etc.， positive correlation) and some amino acids (L-proline， etc.， negative correlation). A comparative analysis of the expression of these 32 metabolites between two groups of chickens with high- and low hexanal content revealed that L-proline and phenylacetaldehyde were downregulated， while ADP-ribose and 4-methylphenol were upregulated in the high-hexanal content chickens. It was also found that the increase of ADP-ribose induced the conversion of L-proline to other amino acids， such as arginine， through a process likely involving the pyrimidine metabolism pathway， leading to a reduction in proline content， which in turn abolished the inhibitory effect of proline on hexanal and enhanced the formation of hexanal. These findings confirm the effect of linoleic acid on hexanal content， and also reveal a negative regulatory effect of proline on the production of hexanal and its elimination mechanism in chicken meat.

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Identification and effective regulation of scarb1 gene involved in pigmentation change in autotetraploid Carassius auratus

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 381-397页

作者： Xi-Dan Xu Yue Zhou Chong-Qing Wang Xu Huang Kun Zhang Xiao-Wei Xu Li-Wen He Xin-Yue Zhang Xin-Zhu Fu Ming Ma Qin-Bo Qin Shao-Jun Liu State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education MinistryCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute GuangzhouGuangdong 511458China Hunan Yuelu Mountain Science and Technology Co.Ltd.for Aquatic Breeding ChangshaHunan 410081China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China

The autotetraploid Carassius auratus(4nRR,4n=200,RRRR)is derived from whole-genome duplication of Carassius auratus red var.(RCC,2n=100,RR).In the current study,we demonstrated that chromatophores and pigment changes directly caused the coloration and variation of 4nRR skin(red in RCC,brownish-yellow in4nRR).To further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying coloration formation and variation in 4nRR,we performed transcriptome profiling and molecular functional verification in RCC and *** revealed that scarb1,associated with carotenoid metabolism,underwent significant down-regulation in *** editing of this candidate pigment gene provided clear evidence of its significant role in RCC ***,we identified four divergent scarb1 homeologs in 4nRR:two original scarb1 homeologs from RCC and two duplicated ***,three of these homeologs possessed two highly conserved alleles,exhibiting biased and allelespecific expression in the ***,after precise editing of both the original and duplicated scarb1homeologs and/or alleles,4nRR individuals,whether singly or multiply mutated,displayed a transition from brownishyellow skin to a cyan-gray ***,the proportional areas of the cyan-gray regions displayed a gene-dose *** findings illustrate the subfunctionalization of duplicated scarb1,with all scarb1genes synergistically and equally contributing to the pigmentation of *** is the first report concerning the functional differentiation of duplicated homeologs in an autopolyploidfish,substantiallyenrichingour understanding of coloration formation and change within this group of organisms.

关键词： Autopolyploidization Coloration change scarb1 Functional differentiation Genetic changes

Comparative Preliminary Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits of New"Zhongtang"Superior Lines

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Asian Agricultural Research 2024年第6期16卷 48-54页

作者： Zhengying CAO Lishun PENG Yimei GAN Wenwei CAI Yuanli WU Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China Sanya Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China

[Objectives]Sugarcane is the most significant sugar cash crop in the tropical and subtropical regions of ***,it is notable for its narrow genetic basis,limited trait improvement,weak adaptability of varieties,and poor planting *** order to accelerate the process of sugarcane variety replacement and expand the basis of genetic variation,interspecific hybridization and multiple mutagenesis are the most effective methods for obtaining new sugarcane *** evaluation and identification of phenotypic traits of germplasm represents a significant analytical ***"Zhongtang"series of sugarcane varieties is distinguished by its high yield and high sugar *** sugarcane germplasms with excellent agronomic and quality traits can be identified and developed as breeding parents and new breeding lines through comprehensive evaluation of the existing germplasm.[Methods]A total of 181 new lines were selected through genetic origin and orientation,and evaluated and appraised for growth,yield,and economic *** data on 6 important agronomic and quality traits,including tillering,initial plant height,plant height,stem diameter,number of effective stems,and brix at maturity,were used to discover superior *** traits were evaluated during the two production seasons of the participant lines.[Results]A comprehensive evaluation of seedling growth traits and economic traits at maturity of the experimental lines identified 30 excellent new germplasms of *** the selected lines,1501 and 1701 exhibited superior agronomic and quality traits,rendering them suitable as parental lines for sugarcane breeding or breeding as new varieties.[Conclusions]The exemplary results obtained in this study provide a solid foundation for the improvement of sugarcane germplasm,with the goal of enhancing quality and *** findings are of great scientific and practical significance to the study of sugarcane yield and sugar-related gene

关键词： Sugarcane Germplasm evaluation Yield Agronomic trait Economic trait

Keemun black tea stems and leaves: Comparison of chemical characterization and anti-inflammatory activities

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Mengting Zhu Xiaoqing Rong Mingchun Wen Piaopiao Long Zongde Jiang Wen Xu Daniel Granato Liang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization， Anhui Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine of the Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration， the Second Clinical College， Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education， Anhui Agricultural University Bioactivity & Applications Lab， Department of Biological Sciences， Faculty of Science and Engineering， University of Limerick

This work aims to compare the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages of Keemun black tea stems and leaves. Fifty volatile compounds were identified in tea stems and leaves， and aldehydes， alcohols， and esters were the main volatile compound categories. Eleven key volatile compounds， including geraniol， phenylacetaldehyde， methyl salicylate， linalool， etc. contributed to distinguishing the tea stems from the tea leaves. In the quantitative and LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis， higher contents of amino acids， monosaccharides， and quinic acid were found in stems than in leaves. Inversely， higher contents of tea pigments， flavan-3-ols， gallic acid， purine alkaloids， and flavonol glycosides were present in tea leaves than in stems. LC-MS-based metabolomics also revealed that organic acids were the most critical non-volatile compounds responsible for the differences between tea stems and leaves. Furthermore， tea stems had better inhibiting effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide-challenged RAW264.7 macrophages than tea leaves， while no significant differences exist between leaves and stems for inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α and NO. In conclusion， our results support using Keemun black tea stems as a novel source of anti-inflammatory compounds.

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Long-term Consumption of Highland Barley Tea Promotes Healthy Aging of Skeletal Muscle

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Li Yan Chenzhipeng Nie Qingwei Zheng Mingcong Fan Waleed AL-Ansi Haifeng Qian Li Wang State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology， School of Food Science and Technology， Jiangnan University

Highland barley tea (HBT) is made from roasted barley seeds and is abundant in β-glucan， amino acids， minerals， phenolics， and other natural active ingredients. These natural compounds found in whole grains have been shown to slow aging and positively affect skeletal muscle function. As a result， studying the effects of HBT on the skeletal muscle health of the elderly population is critical from a scientific and societal standpoint for improving their health status and reducing the medical burden on society. The antioxidant activity and the content of natural active substances were used as indicators to screen the optimal process of HBT brewing. The effects of long-term HBT consumption on aging in mice were investigated by using HBT as a substitute for drinking water in naturally aging mice for a 5-month intervention. Afterward， various factors were measured， such as basic physiological indices， inflammation， plasma metabolites， skeletal muscle function， and exercise capacity， to evaluate the effects of HBT on aging in mice. Long-term consumption of HBT reduced body and spleen weight， increased body weight percentage of skeletal muscle， and reduced plasma inflammation levels in aging mice. Metabolomic results showed increased plasma levels of the mitochondrial marker short-chain acylcarnitine and some amino acids. Additionally， there was a decrease in bile and long-chain acylcarnitine. The level of fibrosis in the gastrocnemius muscle of aging mice was suppressed， and the percentage of type I muscle fibers was increased， improving the endurance of the mice. Thus， long-term consumption of HBT may reduce body weight and increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity and exercise capacity in aging mice by reducing inflammation levels and alleviating mitochondrial damage.

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解锁作物多样性:通过基因组编辑增加遗传变异

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Science Bulletin 2024年第3期69卷 281-284页

作者：邹金鹏黄勇高彩霞王克剑 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310006China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Center for Genome EditingInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory Sanya 572025China

The germplasm resource repository harbors an extensive collection of genetic variations,providing a crucial foundation for the survival and sustainable development of *** history,major agricultural breakthroughs have relied on safeguarding,exploring,and harnessing germplasm ***,the pursuit of high yields in modern agriculture has led to a continuous reduction in biodiversity,resulting in monocultures and an undesirable homogeneity of breeding *** a consequence,germplasm resources are facing the alarming prospect of accelerated loss leading to a decline in crop ***,modern agricultural varieties encounter formidable challenges in terms of adapting to unfavorable growing conditions,such as environmental heterogeneity and the prevalence of pests and pathogens(Fig.1a).Enhancing the genetic variability of modern crops becomes paramount for fostering innovation within germplasm resources and ensuring food security.

关键词： germplasm breeding crops