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Emerging delivery systems based on aqueous two-phase systems:A review

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 110-132页

作者： Yaowen Zhang Yankun Luo Jingqi Zhao Wenzhuo Zheng Jun Zhan Huaping Zheng Feng Luo State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041China Department of Dermatology Rare Diseases CenterInstitutes for Systems GeneticsFrontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Prosthodontics West China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

The aqueous two-phase system(ATPS)is an all-aqueous system fabricated from two immiscible aqueous *** is spontaneously assembled through physical liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)and can create suitable templates like the multicompartment of the intracellular *** structures containing multiple compartments make it possible to endow materials with advanced *** to the properties of ATPSs,ATPS-based drug delivery systems exhibit excellent biocompatibility,extraordinary loading efficiency,and intelligently controlled content release,which are particularly advantageous for delivering drugs in ***,we will systematically review and evaluate ATPSs as an ideal drug delivery *** on the basic mechanisms and influencing factors in forming ATPSs,the transformation of ATPSs into valuable biomaterials is ***,we concentrate on the most recent cutting-edge research on ATPS-based delivery ***,the potential for further collaborations between ATPS-based drug-carrying biomaterials and disease diagnosis and treatment is also explored.

关键词： Aqueous two-phase systems Drug delivery systems Biomaterials Microcapsules Microparticles Cell therapy Cancer treatment Organ regeneration

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Opportunities for large language models and discourse in engineering

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 136-142页

作者： Jan Göpfert Jann M.Weinand Patrick Kuckertz Detlef Stolten Institute of Energy and Climate Research–Techno-economic Systems Analysis(IEK-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich52425Germany Chair for Fuel Cells RWTH Aachen UniversityFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringAachen52062Germany

In recent years, large language models have achieved breakthroughs on a wide range of benchmarks in natural language processing and continue to increase in performance. Recently, the advances of large language models have raised interest outside the natural language processing community and could have a large impact on daily life. In this paper, we pose the question: How will large language models and other foundation models shape the future product development process? We provide the reader with an overview of the subject by summarizing both recent advances in natural language processing and the use of information technology in the engineering design process. We argue that discourse should be regarded as the core of engineering design processes, and therefore should be represented in a digital artifact. On this basis, we describe how foundation models such as large language models could contribute to the design discourse by automating parts thereof that involve creativity and reasoning, and were previously reserved for humans. We describe how simulations, experiments, topology optimizations, and other process steps can be integrated into a machine-actionable, discourse-centric design process. As an example, we present a design discourse on the optimization of wind turbine blades. Finally, we outline the future research that will be necessary for the implementation of the conceptualized framework.

关键词： Product development process Conceptual design Design methodology Design generation Natural language processing Foundation models Multi-modal models

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Correlation between genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of patients with scrub typhus in Guangzhou,China

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第7期17卷 299-309,I0008,I0009页

作者： Jiali Long Ziyi Zeng Haiyan Chen Xia Tao Xinwei Wu Shouyi Chen Liqun Fang Xiuqing Zhang Jianxiong Xu Lin Zhang Yuehong Wei Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention GuangzhouChina Institute of Public Health Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Outpatient department of Baogang the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijingChina Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina

Objective:To explore the correlation between genotypes of Orientia(O.)tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of scrub typhus ***:Clinical data of patients with scrub typhus admitted to different types of medical institutions in Guangzhou from September 2012 to December 2016 were collected using medical *** data,clinical manifestations,as well as hematological and biochemical indicators of patients infected with different genotypes were analyzed and ***:A total of 192 patients were included in this study,including 121 patients with Karp genotype of *** infection(63.0%),36 patients with Gilliam genotype(19.0%),23 patients with Kato genotype(12.0%),and 12 patients with TA763 genotype(6.0%)*** median value of albumin in patients with Karp genotype infection was significantly lower than that of Gilliam-infected patients(P=0.032).Patients with Karp genotype infection had a significantly longer hospital stay(9 days)than those with Gilliam genotype(7 days)(P=0.009)and Kato genotype infection(6 days)(P=0.005).Karp-infected patients also represented for the largest number of patients with complicated organ involvement(88/133,66.2%).Furthermore,Karp-infected patients had higher risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(18.2%)and requiring intensive care unit treatment(15.9%).Besides,patients with Gilliam genotype(8 days)and TA763 genotype infection(7.5 days)had shorter fever duration than those with Karp genotype(9 days)and Kato genotype(9 days)infection,***:Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi were associated with varying clinical manifestations,organ involvement,and treatment outcomes,suggesting that genotypes ranged in virulence.

关键词： Scrub typhus Orientia tsutsugamushi Genotype Clinical characteristics

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Surface morphology and cell viability of samarium(Ⅲ) oxide/chromium(Ⅲ) oxide/graphene oxide/polycaprolactone targeting wound dressing

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 555-561,I0005页

作者： Muteb H.Alshammari Ahmed Onayzan Alshammari Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy Rafat Zreiq Faris Mohammed Albati M.A.El-Morsy A.A.Menazea Department of Health Informatics College of Public Health and Health InformaticsUniversity of Ha'ilHa'ilSaudi Arabia Department of Surgery College of MedicineUniversity of Ha'ilHa'ilSaudi Arabia Department of Public Health College of Public Health and HealthInformaticsHalUniversityHa'il2440Saudi Arabi Food Control Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman541350Jordan College of Shariah and Law Ha'il UniversityHa'il2440Saudi Arabia College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj Physics DepartmentPlasma Technology and Material Science UnitPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-kharj11942Saudi Arabia Physics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DamittaNew Damietta34517.Egyp Spectroscopy Department Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreDokki12622GizaEgypt

Combinations of metal and lanthanide oxides have been done through casted films for potential medical applications. In this regard, samarium(Ⅲ) oxide/chromium(Ⅲ) oxide/graphene oxide(GO)/polycaprolactone(PCL) based films nano-composites(NCs) were fabricated, pointing their utilization as a biological scaffold for wound dressing purposes. Also, samarium(Ⅲ) oxide and chromium(Ⅲ) oxide have been merged as promising optical constituents due to their unique optical behavior. The structural and compositional examination of the studied NCs was executed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman, and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). The Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL NC exhibits a surface with a lower roughness degree owing to the presence of GO. Cr_(2)O_(3)shows size reduction upon GO insertion to reach 1.2 μm as the average grain size, whilst Sm_(2)O_(3)records an average grain size of less than 1 μm. As well, the polymeric nano-compositions exhibit variation in contact angle values that hit 29.76°± 3.52°for Sm_(2)O_(3)/PCL, and 48.62°± 1.37°for Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL as the second lowest contact angle. The optical behavior contributes to absorption edge relocation along the x-axis from 1.7 eV for pure PCL, to 2.65 eV for Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL. Regarding biological responses, the cell exposed to 2.5 μg/m L of Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL shows cell viability of 119.31%, while 5 μg/m L hits 99.6%. Additionally, the resulting cell attachment micrographs show layers of fibroblast tissue, besides the proliferation and growth of cultivated cells. Thus, the Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL scaffold provides 3D proliferation of fibroblast cells endorsing the wound healing process.

关键词： Wound healing Wound dressing Polycaprolactone Sm_(2)O_(3) Cr_(2)O_(3) Rare earths

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Study on the influence of mechanism dispersion on transient recovery voltage distribution of modular DC vacuum circuit breakers

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 346-355页

作者： Chongyang Huang Yongshuai Yin Shuxin Liu Hanwen Du Zengyu Shan Yundong Cao Shurui Yang Key Laboratory of Special Electric Machines and High Voltage Apparatus in the Ministry of Education Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyangChina Shenyang Power Supply Company of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co. LtdShenyangChina Chifeng Power Supply Company of State Grid Mongolia Electric Power Co. LtdChifengChina

A simulation analysis and an experiment are carried out to investigate how the gap difference between the breaks of a direct current vacuum circuit breakers with multi-breaks(MB-DC VCB)caused by the mechanism dispersion of the breaker influences the distribution of TRV among the *** interruption model of MB-DC VCB,combining the continuous transition model,is established to analyse the rising rate of transient recovery voltage and the dielectric strength recovery speed of the breaks for MB-DC VCB under different gap difference *** on the experimental platform of dual break DC vacuum circuit breaker breaking,the correctness of the simulation model is verified on a DC VCB with the double-breaks interruption experimental ***,a model is applied to the non-synchronous interruption simulation of a DC VCB with *** relationship between the TRVs of the breaks under different gap difference conditions is analysed using the comparative analysis method,obtaining the maximum gap difference at the moment of breaking *** results of this study show that large-gap breaks have a higher TRV than small-gap breaks(the fracture of the action delay module),with double fractures reaching 1.4 times and triple fractures reaching a maximum of 1.52 times;the ability of small-gap breaks to withstand TRV is weak,giving rise to re-breakdown or even interruption failure;as the number of fractures increases,the maximum gap difference also *** the synchronous interruption ability of the MB-DC VCB is conducive to improving the interruption performance and interruption success rate of this type of a circuit breaker.

关键词： TRV transient distribution

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MOF‐derived 1D/3D N‐doped porous carbon for spatially confined electrochemical CO2 reduction to adjustable syngas

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Carbon Energy 2024年第8期6卷 1-13页

作者： Wei Zhang Hui Li Daming Feng Chenglin Wu Chenghua Sun Baohua Jia Xue Liu Tianyi Ma Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials Institute of Clean Energy ChemistryCollege of ChemistryLiaoning UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Taizhou UniversityTaizhouZhejiangChina Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoriaAustralia

Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to syngas(CO and H_(2))offers an efficient way to mitigate carbon emissions and store intermittent renewable energy in ***,the hierarchical one‐dimensional/three‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped porous carbon(1D/3D NPC)is prepared by carbonizing the composite of Zn‐MOF‐74 crystals in situ grown on a commercial melamine sponge(MS),for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The 1D/3D NPC exhibits a high CO/H_(2)ratio(5.06)and CO yield(31 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1))at−0.55 V,which are 13.7 times and 21.4 times those of 1D porous carbon(derived from Zn‐MOF‐74)and N‐doped carbon(carbonized by MS),*** is attributed to the unique spatial environment of 1D/3D NPC,which increases the adsorption capacity of CO_(2)and promotes electron transfer from the 3D N‐doped carbon framework to 1D carbon,improving the reaction kinetics of CO_(2)*** results and charge density difference plots indicate that the active site of CO_(2)RR is the positively charged carbon atom adjacent to graphitic N on 1D carbon and the active site of HER is the pyridinic N on 1D *** presence of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N reduces the number of electron transfer,decreasing the reaction kinetics and the activity of CO_(2)*** CO/H_(2)ratio is related to the distribution of N species and the specific surface area,which are determined by the degree of spatial confinement *** CO/H_(2)ratios can be regulated by adjusting the carbonization temperature to adjust the degree of spatial confinement *** the low cost of feedstock and easy strategy,1D/3D NPC catalysts have great potential for industrial application.

关键词： electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction melamine sponge metal‐organic frameworks porous carbon syngas

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Electrical tree degradation of MgO/epoxy resin composites at different voltage frequencies

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High Voltage 2024年第3期9卷 581-590页

作者： Yunxiao Zhang Wenxin Lin Yuanxiang Zhou Weiwei Xing Jiayu Cheng Chenyuan Teng College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou UniversityFujian Key Laboratory of New Energy Generation and Power ConversionFuzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Electrical tree degradation is one of the main causes of insulation failure in high-frequency *** tree degradation is studied on pure epoxy resin(EP)and MgO/EP composites at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 130 *** results show that the tree initiation voltage of EP decreases,while the growth rate and the expansion coefficient increase with ***,the bubble phenomenon at high frequencies in EP composites is *** with trap distribution character-istics within the material,the intrinsic mechanism of epoxy composites to inhibit the growth of the electrical tree at different frequencies is *** can be concluded that more deep traps and blocking effect are introduced by doping nano-MgO into EP bulks,which can improve the electrical tree resistance performance of EP composites in a wide frequency range.

关键词： composites tree Electrical

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MRI-guided photothermal/photodynamic immune activation combined with PD-1 inhibitor for the multimodal combination therapy of melanoma and metastases

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第4期3卷 38-51页

作者： Changqiang Wu Wei Chen Shuang Yan Jie Zhong Liang Du Chenwu Yang Yu Pu Yang Li Jiafu Lin Mei Zeng Xiaoming Zhang Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and School of Medical Imaging North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000P.R.China Department of Radiology Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000P.R.China Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsSchool of PharmacyChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106P.R.China Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine North Sichuan Medical College and Institute of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000P.R.China

Non-invasive image-guided precise photothermal/photodynamic therapy(PTT/PDT)has been proven to be an effective local treatment modality but incompetent against ***,the combination of local PTT/PDT and systemic immunotherapy would be a promising strategy for tumor ***,a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-visualized PTT/PDT agent(SIDP NMs)was constructed,and the efficacy of its multimodal combination with a programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitor in the treatment of melanoma and metastases was *** to the hydrophobic encapsulation of indocyanine green within the micellar core,SIDP NMs exhibited excellent photothermal/photodynamic properties and stability under an 808 nm near-infrared *** vitro cell experiments showed that SIDP NMs had a good killing *** incubating with B16-F10 cells for 24 h and irradiating with an 808-nm laser for 10 min,cell viability decreased *** resonance imaging experiments in melanoma-bearing mice have shown that the dynamic distribution of SIDP NMs in tumor tissue could be monitored by T2WI and T2-MAP non-invasively due to the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystal in SIDP *** the 808 nm laser was irradiated at the maximum focusing time point shown by MRI,the temperature of the tumor area rapidly increased from 32℃to 60.7℃in 5 *** mouse melanoma ablation and distant tumor immunotherapy studies,SIDP NMs provided excellent MRI-guided PTT/PDT results and,when combined with PD-1 inhibitor,have great potential to cure primary tumors and eradicate metastases.

关键词： photothermal therapy photodynamic therapy immunotherapy magnetic resonance imaging multimodal treatment

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Dielectric size optimization for high power density in large-scale triboelectric nanogenerators

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8455-8464页

作者： Abdulkerim Karabiber Ömer Dirik Feyyaz Koc Faruk Ozel Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bingol UniversityBingol 12000Turkey Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Karamanoglu Mehmetbey UniversityKaraman 70200Turkey

Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have emerged as a promising technology to harvest electrical energy from natural motions such as human movement,wind,and water *** TENGs show significant potential in small-scale applications,developing large-scale TENGs capable of generating high power remains a significant *** factors that can affect the performance of large-scale TENGs are being investigated to overcome this challenge,including the size and configuration of dielectric *** study optimizes dielectrics regarding surface area,thickness,and multicell configuration to improve harvested electrical power density in large-scale *** the studies,glass fiber was used as the positive dielectric,and multipurpose white silicone was used as the negative dielectric because of their high tribo-potential,durability,and easy *** the size optimization phase,dielectric thicknesses and surface areas that provide the maximum power density were ***,horizontal and vertical multicell configurations were examined to efficiently integrate size-optimized *** results reveal that large-scale TENGs with vertical multicell configurations can achieve high and usable energy density for *** findings provide valuable insight into the development of large-scale TENGs with advanced power generation capabilities.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator dielectric layer size optimization multi-cell structure high power density

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A method for detecting two-dimensional plane stress distribution in basin-type insulator based on critically refracted longitudinal wave

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 105-116页

作者： Zhaoyang Kang Fuqiang Ren Hongru Zhang Jingjing Yang Kaining Hou Qingquan Li Dongxin He Hongshun Liu Yongzhi Zhao Huaxin Wen Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of UHV Transmission Technology and Equipment School of Electrical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinanChina Shandong Electrical Engineering&Equipment Group Co.Ltd JinanChina SDEE Hitachi High-voltage Switchgear Co. LtdJinanChina

Basin-type insulator often has small cracks due to stress *** current method cannot accurately reflect the stress condition of the insulator to find the stress concentration *** solve these problems,a method for detecting two-dimensional plane stress(δ_(1) andδ_(2))within different depth ranges in a basin-type insulator is proposed based on critically refracted longitudinal(LCR)***,the acoustoelastic equation characterising the relationship between the variation of LCR wave propagation time and the plane stress was ***,the propagation characteristics of LCR wave in epoxy resin samples were ***,the stress distribution within different depth ranges of the insulator subjected to hydraulic load was measured using the proposed method,including direction(θ),δ_(1) andδ_(2).The results show that the magnitude of the stress alone cannot accurately characterise the stress *** with equal distances to the centre have similar stress magnitudes,but their directions are not the *** increasing depth,θremains essentially unchanged at the same location,whileδ1 andδ2 decrease,and the rate of decrease varies at different *** the measured and simulated data,the results showed that they were in good agreement,and the maximum errors of stress value andθwere 0.69 MPa and 2.97°,respectively,which confirmed the feasibility and accuracy of the stress detection in the proposed method.

关键词： stress insulator wave

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